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(39 revisi perantara oleh 19 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
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{{untuk|Halaman bantuan pengucapan huruf IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet)|Bantuan:Pengucapan}}{{for|Bacaan lebih lanjut mengenai sistem suara bahasa Melayu|Fonologi bahasa Melayu}} |
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{{IPAkeys}} |
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{{Templat:Bantuan:Bantuan/seri tab}}<!-- templat ini hanya digunakan untuk halaman Bantuan: , bukan Wikipedia:--> |
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IPA untuk pengucapan bahasa Melayu dan Indonesia |
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{{Templat:Bantuan:Bantuan/sidebar}}<!-- templat ini hanya digunakan untuk halaman Bantuan: , bukan Wikipedia:--> |
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{{Wikipedia IPA}} |
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Tabel di bawah ini menunjukan nilai serta pengucapan [[Bunyi bahasa|suara]] dalam bahasa [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]] (termasuk bahasa [[Indonesia]]) dengan transkripsi simbol [[Alfabet Fonetik Internasional|fonetik]], yang akan digunakan pada artikel-artikel Wikipedia. |
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{| style="background:none;" |
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|----- |
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{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;" |
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{| class="IPA wikitable" |
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! colspan="3"| Konsonan |
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! colspan="4"| |
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=== Konsonan === |
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! IPA !! |
! IPA !! Huruf Arab !! Kemiripan bunyi{{br}}dalam bahasa lain |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg|p}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big> |
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| '''p'''unya |
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| align="left"| '''b'''ola <ref name=stop>{{IPA|/p/}}, {{IPA|/t/}}, {{IPA|/k/}} are [[aspiration (phonetics)|unaspirated]], as in the [[Romance languages]], or as in English ''spy, sty, sky.'' In final position, they are [[unreleased stop|unreleased]] {{IPA|[p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚]}}, with final ''k'' being a [[glottal stop]]. {{IPA|/b, d/}} are also unreleased, and therefore devoiced, {{IPA|[p̚, t̚]}}. There is no [[Liaison (French)|liaison]]: they remain unreleased even when followed by a vowel, as in ''kulit ubi'' "potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix.</ref> |
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| s'''p'''in (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiced bilabial plosive.ogg|b}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|d}}</big> |
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| '''b'''arang |
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| align="left"| '''d'''ari <ref name=stop/> |
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| '''b'''eef (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg|t}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|dʒ}}</big> |
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| '''t'''empat |
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| s'''t'''ub (inggris) |
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| align="center"| {{bunyiIPA|voiced alveolar plosive.ogg|d}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big> |
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| '''d'''engan |
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| align="left"| '''f'''ikir, '''v'''isa <ref name=loan>The fricatives {{IPA|[f, z, ʃ, x]}} are found in loanwords only. Some speakers pronounce orthographic ‹v› in loanwords as {{IPAblink|v}}; otherwise it is {{IPAblink|f}}.</ref> |
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| '''d'''ust (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg|t͡ʃ}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big> |
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| '''c'''epat |
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| align="left"| '''g'''alah <ref name=glottal/> |
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| '''ch'''in (Inggris) |
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| align="center"| {{bunyiIPA|voiced postalveolar affricate.ogg|d͡ʒ}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big> |
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| '''j'''alan |
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| align="left"| '''h'''abis, toko'''h''' |
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| '''j'''aw (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiceless velar plosive.ogg|k}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big> |
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| '''k'''amu |
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| s'''k'''in (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiced velar plosive.ogg|g}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big> |
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| pa'''g'''i |
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| align="left"| '''k'''alah <ref name=stop/><ref name=glottal/> |
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| '''g'''ood (Inggris) |
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| align="center"| {{bunyiIPA|voiceless labiodental fricative.ogg|f}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big> |
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| '''f'''irasat |
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| '''f'''un (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiced labiodental fricative.ogg|v}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big> |
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| '''v'''isa |
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| '''v'''ent (Inggris) |
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| align="center"| {{bunyiIPA|voiceless alveolar fricative.ogg|s}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big> |
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| '''s'''angat |
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| '''s'''un (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiced alveolar fricative.ogg|z}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big> |
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| '''z'''aman |
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| '''z'''ero (Inggris) |
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|align="left"| feeli'''ng''' |
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| align="center"| {{bunyiIPA|voiceless postalveolar fricative.ogg|ʃ}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big> |
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| '''sy'''arat |
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| '''sh'''ame (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiceless velar fricative.ogg|x}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big> |
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| a'''kh'''ir |
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| align="left"| '''p'''ola <ref name=stop/> |
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| lo'''ch''' (Inggris dialek [[Skotlandia]]) |
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|align="left"| s'''p'''y |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiceless glottal fricative.ogg|h}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big> |
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| '''h'''ingga |
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| align="left"| '''r'''aja, da'''r'''i, pasa'''r''' |
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| '''h'''int (Inggris) |
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|align="left"| trilled 'r' <ref>In traditional Malay areas, the [[rhotic consonant]] {{IPA|/r/}} is realized as a velar or uvular fricative, {{IPAblink|ɣ}} or {{IPAblink|ʁ}}, and elided word-finally. Elsewhere, including in Standard Indonesian, it is an alveolar tap {{IPAblink|ɾ}} or trill {{IPAblink|r}}. Its position relative to schwa is ambiguous: ''kertas'' "paper" may be pronounced {{IPA|[krəˈtas]}} or {{IPA|[kərəˈtas]}}.</ref> |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|bilabial nasal.ogg|m}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big> |
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| '''m'''arah |
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| '''m'''oon (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|alveolar nasal.ogg|n}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big> |
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| ta'''n'''duk |
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| align="left"| '''sy'''ak <ref name=loan/> |
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| '''n'''ame (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Palatal nasal.ogg|ɲ}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big> |
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| ta'''ny'''a |
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| align="left"| '''t'''ari <ref name=stop/> |
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| ca'''ny'''on (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|velar nasal.ogg|ŋ}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|tʃ}}</big> |
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| ha'''ng'''at |
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| si'''ng''' (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg|l}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big> |
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| '''l'''ama |
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| align="left"| '''v'''isa <ref name=loan/> |
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| '''l'''ip (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|alveolar trill.ogg|r}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big> |
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| '''r'''asa |
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| pe'''rr'''o (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|palatal approximant.ogg|j}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big> |
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| '''y'''ang |
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| align="left"| '''kh'''as <ref name=loan/> |
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|'''y'''east (Inggris) |
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|align="left"| |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''z'''aman <ref name=loan/> |
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|align="left"| '''z'''ero |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ʔ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| bapa'''k''' <ref name=stop/> <ref name=glottal>The glottal stop {{IPAblink|ʔ}} is an allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/ɡ/}} in the coda: ''baik'', ''bapak''. It is also used between identical vowels in [[Hiatus (linguistics)|hiatus]]. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. ''bakso'' (meatballs). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as ''Al Qur'an''.</ref> |
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|align="left"| |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg|w}} |
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| ta'''w'''a |
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| '''wh'''at (Inggris) |
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{| class="IPA wikitable" |
{| class="IPA wikitable" |
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! colspan="5"| |
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! colspan="3"| [[Vowel]] <ref>The [[nasal consonant]] {{IPA|/m, n, ŋ, ɲ/}} [[nasal vowel|nasalize]] following vowels, and may nasalize a subsequent vowel if the intervening consonant is {{IPA|/h, j, w, ʔ/}}.</ref> |
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=== Vokal === |
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! IPA !! Contoh !! |
! IPA !! Contoh !! Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa lain |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Open central unrounded vowel.ogg|ä}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big> |
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| align="left"| k'''a'''rung |
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| align="left"| '''a'''j'''a'''r, buk'''a'''<ref name="final a">In Malaysian, word-final {{IPA|/a/}} is often reduced to {{IPAblink|ə}}.</ref> |
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|align="left"| |
|align="left"| v'''á''' (Portugis) |
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|align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg|e}}</big> |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big> |
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| align="left"| s'''e''' |
| align="left"| s'''e'''dang |
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|align="left"| b'''e'''d (Inggris dialek [[Australia]]) |
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|align="left"| cl'''ay'''<ref>The Malay/Indonesian {{IPA|/e/}} doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of ''clay'' (for most English dialects) and the vowel of ''get''. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.</ref> |
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|align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg|ɛ}}</big> |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| t'''e'''h, b'''e'''b'''e'''k |
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| align="left"| t'''e'''h, b'''e'''b'''e'''k <ref name=lax>{{IPA|/e, i, o, u/}} have [[tenseness|lax]] [[allophone]]s {{IPA|[ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ]}} in [[closed syllable]]s, except that tense {{IPA|[i, u]}} occur in stressed syllables with a coda nasal, and laax {{IPA|[ɛ, ɔ]}} also occur in open syllables if the following syllable contains the same lax vowel.</ref> |
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|align="left"| |
|align="left"| l'''e'''ngth (Inggris) |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Close front unrounded vowel.ogg|i}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big> |
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| align="left"| b'''i'''la, '''i'''n'''i''' |
| align="left"| b'''i'''la, '''i'''n'''i''' |
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|align="left"| |
|align="left"| med'''i'''ocre |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg|ɪ}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɪ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| kir'''i'''m |
| align="left"| kir'''i'''m |
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|align="left"| |
|align="left"| rabb'''i'''t |
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| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg|o}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big> |
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| align="left"| r'''o'''da, t'''o'''k'''o''' |
| align="left"| r'''o'''da, t'''o'''k'''o''' |
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|align="left"| s'''o''' |
|align="left"| s'''o'''l ([[Bahasa Latin Klasik|Latin Klasik]]) |
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|align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg|ɔ}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| p'''o'''h'''o'''n |
| align="left"| p'''o'''h'''o'''n |
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|align="left"| n'''o'''t (Inggris dialek Australia) |
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|align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Close back rounded vowel.ogg|u}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''u'''pah, bar'''u''' |
| align="left"| '''u'''pah, bar'''u''' |
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|align="left"| |
|align="left"| f'''oo'''t (Inggris) |
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|align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg|ʊ}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ʊ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| rump'''u'''t |
| align="left"| rump'''u'''t |
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|align="left"| f'''oo'''t |
|align="left"| f'''oo'''t |
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|align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Mid central vowel.ogg|ə}} |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big> |
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| align="left"| m'''e'''nang |
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|align="left"| ''' |
|align="left"| tak'''e'''n |
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{| class="IPA wikitable" |
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! colspan="5"| |
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=== Diftong === |
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! IPA !! Contoh !! Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa Inggris |
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! colspan=3 | [[Diphthong]] |
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|{{IPA|au}}, {{IPA|aʊ}} |
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| align="left"| kal'''au''' |
| align="left"| kal'''au''' |
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|align="left"| h'''ow''' |
|align="left"| h'''ow''' |
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|{{IPA|ai}}, {{IPA|aɪ}} |
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| align="left"| cap'''ai''' |
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| align="left"| cap'''ai''' <ref name=diphthong>{{IPA|[e, o]}} are [[allophone]]s of {{IPA|/i, u/}} in native words, but have become established as distinct phonemes in English and Javanese loan words. The diphthongs {{IPA|/ai, au/}}, which only occur in open syllables, are often merged into {{IPA|[e, o]}}, respectively, especially in [[Java]].</ref> |
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|align="left"| b'''ye''' |
|align="left"| b'''ye''' |
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|{{IPA|ei}}, {{IPA|eɪ}} |
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| align="left"| murb'''ei''' |
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|align="left"| surv'''ey''' |
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|{{IPA|eo}}, {{IPA|eo}} |
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| align="left"| m'''eo'''ng |
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|align="left"| '''geo'''logy |
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|{{IPA|oi}}, {{IPA|oɪ}} |
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| align="left"| sep'''oi''' |
| align="left"| sep'''oi''' |
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|align="left"| b'''oy''' |
|align="left"| b'''oy''' |
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|{{IPA|ui}}, {{IPA|uɪ}} |
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| align="left"| fengs'''ui''' |
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|align="left"| r'''ui'''n ([[Bahasa Inggris Britania|Inggris dialek Britania]]) |
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{| class="IPA wikitable" |
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! colspan="5"| |
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=== Simbol lain === |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! colspan=3 | Other symbols |
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! IPA !! |
! IPA !! Penjelasan |
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|align="center" |<big>{{ |
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ˈ}}</big> |
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| Simbol yang menandakan stres/aksen primer pada kata. Simbol ini ditempatkan sebelum adanya suku kata yang akan ditekankan |
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| Primary stress<br>Placed before the stressed syllable <ref>Stress generally falls on the [[penult]]imate syllable. If that syllable contains a schwa {{IPAblink|ə}}, stress shifts to the [[antepenult]] if there is one, and to the final syllable if there is not. Some suffixes are ignored for stress placement.</ref> |
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== |
== Lihat pula == |
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* [[Fonologi bahasa Melayu]] |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Navbox Gabungan Pedoman WBI}} |
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[[Kategori:Bantuan Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|Melayu]] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}} |
Revisi per 1 April 2024 19.59
Bagian dari seri tentang |
Halaman Bantuan Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia |
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![]() |
Tabel di bawah ini menunjukan nilai serta pengucapan suara dalam bahasa Melayu (termasuk bahasa Indonesia) dengan transkripsi simbol fonetik, yang akan digunakan pada artikel-artikel Wikipedia.
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Lihat pula |