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Pengepungan Toulon (1793): Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 11: Baris 11:
9 kapal tiang ditenggelamkan di pelabuhan, 4 kapal tiang, 7 fregat dan 5 korvet tertangkap<ref name="auto"/>
9 kapal tiang ditenggelamkan di pelabuhan, 4 kapal tiang, 7 fregat dan 5 korvet tertangkap<ref name="auto"/>


| strength2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Royalist France.svg}} 1,500 <br>{{flagicon|Kingdom of Great Britain}} 8,000 & 37 ships<br>{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} 7,000 & 32 ships<br>{{flagicon|Kingdom of Naples|1738}}{{flagicon|Kingdom of Sicily}}{{flagicon|Kingdom of Sardinia|1785}} 6,500 & 5 ships<br>'''Total:'''<br>23,000 orang<br>74 kapal
| strength2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Royalist France.svg}} 1,500 <br>{{flagicon|Kingdom of Great Britain}} 8,000 & 37 kapal<br>{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} 7,000 & 32 kapal<br>{{flagicon|Kingdom of Naples|1738}}{{flagicon|Kingdom of Sicily}}{{flagicon|Kingdom of Sardinia|1785}} 6,500 & 5 kapal<br>'''Total:'''<br>23,000 orang<br>74 kapal


| strength1 = {{flagicon|Republik Prancis Pertama|1790}} 32,000<ref>See Castex, Théories Stratégiques</ref>
| strength1 = {{flagicon|Republik Prancis Pertama|1790}} 32,000<ref>See Castex, Théories Stratégiques</ref>
Baris 42: Baris 42:
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Koalisi Pertama}}
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Koalisi Pertama}}
{{Campaignbox Pemberontakan Royalis Perang Revolusi Prancis}}
{{Campaignbox Pemberontakan Royalis Perang Revolusi Prancis}}
{{Campaignbox Mediterranean Campaign of 1793-1796}}
{{Campaignbox French Revolutionary War of the Pyrenees}}
{{Campaignbox French Revolutionary Wars Naval Battles}}
}}
}}
{{OSM Location map
{{OSM Location map
Baris 53: Baris 50:
| width = 304
| width = 304
| height = 180
| height = 180
| title = [[War of the First Coalition]]:<br>Napoleon Bonaparte
| title = [[Perang Koalisi Pertama]]:<br>Napoleon Bonaparte
| caption = {{legend|black|current battle}}{{legend|navy|Napoleon as commander}}{{legend|maroon|Napoleon as commander in chief}}
| caption = {{legend|black|pertempuran ini}}{{legend|navy|Napoleon sebagai panglima}}{{legend|maroon|Napoleon sebagai panglima tertinggi}}


| shapeD = n-circle
| shapeD = n-circle
Baris 67: Baris 64:
| label1 = Toulon
| label1 = Toulon
| mark-coord1 = {{coord|43.13|5.92}}
| mark-coord1 = {{coord|43.13|5.92}}
| mark-title1 = Siege of Toulon (1793) from 29 August to 19 December 1793
| mark-title1 = Siege of Toulon (1793) dari tanggal 29 Agustus hingga 19 Desember 1793
| shape-color1 = black
| shape-color1 = black
| label-color1 = black
| label-color1 = black
Baris 73: Baris 70:
| label2 =
| label2 =
| mark-coord2 = {{coord|43.99|7.55}}
| mark-coord2 = {{coord|43.99|7.55}}
| mark-title2 = [[Second Battle of Saorgio (1794)]] from 24 to 28 April 1794
| mark-title2 = [[Pertempuran Saorgio Kedua (1794)]] dari tanggal 24 hingga 28 April 1794
| shape-color2 = navy
| shape-color2 = navy
| label-color2 = navy
| label-color2 = navy
Baris 79: Baris 76:
| label3 =
| label3 =
| mark-coord3 = {{coord|44.65|7.87}}
| mark-coord3 = {{coord|44.65|7.87}}
| mark-title3 = [[Montenotte campaign]] from 10 to 28 April 1796
| mark-title3 = [[Kampanye Montenotte]] dari tanggal 10 hingga 28 April 1796


| label4 =
| label4 =
| mark-coord4 = {{coord|45.15|9.7}}
| mark-coord4 = {{coord|45.15|9.7}}
| mark-title4 = [[Battle of Fombio]] from 7 to 9 May 1796
| mark-title4 = [[Pertempuran Fombio]] dari tanggal 7 hingga 9 Mei 1796


| label5 = Lodi
| label5 = Lodi
| mark-coord5 = {{coord|45.32|9.5}}
| mark-coord5 = {{coord|45.32|9.5}}
| mark-title5 = [[Battle of Lodi]] on 10 May 1796
| mark-title5 = [[Pertempuran Lodi]] pada tanggal 10 Mei 1796


| label6 =
| label6 =
| mark-coord6 = {{coord|45.35|10.73}}
| mark-coord6 = {{coord|45.35|10.73}}
| mark-title6 = [[Battle of Borghetto]] on 30 May 1796
| mark-title6 = [[Pertempuran Borghetto]] pada tanggal 30 Mei 1796


| label7 =
| label7 =
| mark-coord7 = {{coord|45.46|10.48}}
| mark-coord7 = {{coord|45.46|10.48}}
| mark-title7 = [[Battle of Lonato]] from 3 to 4 August 1796
| mark-title7 = [[Pertempuran Lonato]] dari tanggal 3 hingga 4 Agustus 1796


| label8 =
| label8 =
| mark-coord8 = {{coord|45.38|10.48}}
| mark-coord8 = {{coord|45.38|10.48}}
| mark-title8 = [[Battle of Castiglione]] on 5 August 1796
| mark-title8 = [[Pertempuran Castiglione]] pada tanggal 5 August 1796


| label9 =
| label9 =
| mark-coord9 = {{coord|45.88|11.05}}
| mark-coord9 = {{coord|45.88|11.05}}
| mark-title9 = [[Battle of Rovereto]] on 4 September 1796
| mark-title9 = [[Pertempuran Rovereto]] pada tanggal 4 September 1796


| label10 =
| label10 =
| mark-coord10 = {{coord|45.77|11.73}}
| mark-coord10 = {{coord|45.77|11.73}}
| mark-title10 = [[Battle of Bassano]] on 8 September 1796<br>[[Second Battle of Bassano]] on 6 November 1796
| mark-title10 = [[Pertempuran Bassano]] pada tanggal 8 September 1796<br>[[Pertempuran Bassano Kedua]] pada tanggal 6 November 1796


| label11 =
| label11 =
| mark-coord11 = {{coord|45.42|11.18}}
| mark-coord11 = {{coord|45.42|11.18}}
| mark-title11 = [[Battle of Caldiero (1796)]] on 12 November 1796
| mark-title11 = [[Pertempuran Caldiero (1796)]] pada tanggal 12 November 1796


| label12 =
| label12 =
| mark-coord12 = {{coord|45.35|11.28}}
| mark-coord12 = {{coord|45.35|11.28}}
| mark-title12 = [[Battle of Arcole]] from 15 to 17 November 1796
| mark-title12 = [[Pertempuran Arcole]] dari tanggal 15 hingga 17 November 1796


| label13 =
| label13 =
| mark-coord13 = {{coord|45.57|10.82}}
| mark-coord13 = {{coord|45.57|10.82}}
| mark-title13 = [[Battle of Rivoli]] from 14 to 15 January 1797
| mark-title13 = [[Pertempuran Rivoli]] dari tanggal 14 hingga 15 Januari 1797


| label14 =
| label14 =
| mark-coord14 = {{coord|45.16|10.8}}
| mark-coord14 = {{coord|45.16|10.8}}
| mark-title14 = [[Siege of Mantua (1796–1797)]] from 27 August 1796 to 2 February 1797
| mark-title14 = [[Pengepungan Mantua (1796–1797)]] dari tanggal 27 Agustus 1796 hingga 2 Februari 1797


| label15 =
| label15 =
| mark-coord15 = {{coord|46|12.87}}
| mark-coord15 = {{coord|46|12.87}}
| mark-title15 = [[Battle of Valvasone (1797)]] on 16 March 1797
| mark-title15 = [[Pertempuran Valvasone (1797)]] pada tanggal 16 Maret 1797


| label16 =
| label16 =
| mark-coord16 = {{coord|46.51|13.58}}
| mark-coord16 = {{coord|46.51|13.58}}
| mark-title16 = [[Battle of Tarvis (1797)]] from 21 to 23 March 1797
| mark-title16 = [[Pertempuran Tarvis (1797)]] dari tanggal 21 hingga 23 Maret 1797
}}
}}


'''Pengepungan Toulon''' (29 Agustus – 19 Desember 1793) adalah keterlibatan militer yang terjadi selama [[pemberontakan Federalis]] dan [[Perang Koalisi Pertama]], bagian dari [[Perang Revolusi Prancis]]. Perang ini dilakukan oleh pasukan [[Republik Prancis Pertama]] melawan pemberontak [[Wangsa Bourbon|Royalis]] yang didukung oleh pasukan Inggris-Spanyol di kota [[Toulon]], Prancis selatan. Selama pengepungan inilah [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] muda pertama kali meraih ketenaran dan kenaikan pangkat ketika rencananya, yang melibatkan perebutan benteng di atas pelabuhan, berhasil memaksa kota itu menyerah dan armada Inggris-Spanyol mundur. Pengepungan ini menandai keterlibatan pertama [[Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Inggris]] dalam Revolusi Prancis.
The '''siege of Toulon''' (29 August – 19 December 1793) was a military engagement that took place during the [[Federalist revolts]] and the [[War of the First Coalition]], part of the [[Campaigns of 1793 in the French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary Wars]]. It was undertaken by forces of the [[First French Republic|French Republic]] against [[House of Bourbon|Royalist]] rebels supported by Anglo-Spanish forces in the southern French city of [[Toulon]]. It was during this siege that young [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] first won fame and promotion when his plan, involving the capture of fortifications above the harbour, was credited with forcing the city to capitulate and the Anglo-Spanish fleet to withdraw. The siege marked the first involvement of the British [[Royal Navy]] with the French Revolution.

==Referensi==
{{Reflist}}

== Sumber ==
* {{Cite book|last1=Krebs|first1=Chef d'Escadron d'Artillerie, Léonce|title=Compagnes dans Les Alpes pendant La Révolution|last2=Moris|first2=Henri|year=1891|location=Paris}}
* {{Cite book|last=Chartrand|first=René|title=Men-at-Arms Series: Émigré & Foreign Troops in British Service (Part I, 1793–1802)|publisher=Osprey Military Publishings|year=1999|isbn=978-1472807205|location=Botley, Oxfordshire, UK|oclc=1021804719}}
* {{Cite book|last=Forczyk|first=Robert|title=Campaign Series: Toulon 1793, Napoleon's first great victory|publisher=Osprey Military Publishings|year=2005|isbn=978-1846036743|location=Botley, Oxfordshire, UK|oclc=646790061}}
* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Digby|title=The Greenhill Napoleonic wars data book|publisher=Greenhill Books Stackpole Books|year=1998|isbn=978-1-85367-276-7|publication-place=London; Mechanicsburg, PA|oclc=37616149}}
* {{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Digby|title=Napoleon's Regiments: Battle Histories of the Regiments of the French Army, 1792–1815|url=https://archive.org/details/napoleonsregimen0000smit|publisher=Greenhill Books|year=2000|isbn=978-1853674136|location=London|oclc=43787649}}
* {{Cite book|last=Duncan|first=Captain Francis|title=History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, Volume II|publisher=John Murray, Albemarle Street|year=1873|location=London}}
* Chandler, David. ''The Campaigns of Napoleon''. Simon & Schuster, 1966. {{ISBN|0-02-523660-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Clowes|first=William Laird|title=The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume IV|publisher=Chatham Publishing|year=1997|isbn=1-86176-013-2|location=London|author-link=William Laird Clowes|orig-year=1899}}
* Ireland, Bernard. ''The Fall of Toulon: The Last Opportunity to Defeat the French Revolution''. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005. {{ISBN|0-297-84612-4}}
* {{cite book|last=James|first=William|title=The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 1, 1793–1796|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|year=2002|isbn=0-85177-905-0|location=London|author-link=William James (naval historian)|orig-year=1827}}
* {{cite book|last=Rodger|first=N.A.M.|title=The Command of the Ocean|url=https://archive.org/details/commandofoceanna0000rodg_o2a6|publisher=Allan Lane|year=2004|isbn=0-71399-411-8|author-link=Nicholas Rodger}}
* Smith, Digby. ''The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book''. Greenhill Books, 1998. {{ISBN|1-85367-276-9}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Tracy|editor-first=Nicholas |title=The Naval Chronicle, Volume 1, 1793–1798|publisher=Chatham Publishing|year=1998|isbn=1-86176-091-4|location=London}}
* Usherwood, Stephen. "The Siege of Toulon, 1793." ''History Today'' (Jan 1972), Vol. 22 Issue 1, hlm. 17–24 online.

Revisi terkini sejak 10 Mei 2024 00.30

Perang Koalisi Pertama:
Napoleon Bonaparte
200km
125miles
16
Pertempuran Tarvis (1797) dari tanggal 21 hingga 23 Maret 1797
15
Pertempuran Valvasone (1797) pada tanggal 16 Maret 1797
14
Pengepungan Mantua (1796–1797) dari tanggal 27 Agustus 1796 hingga 2 Februari 1797
13
Pertempuran Rivoli dari tanggal 14 hingga 15 Januari 1797
12
Pertempuran Arcole dari tanggal 15 hingga 17 November 1796
11
Pertempuran Caldiero (1796) pada tanggal 12 November 1796
10
Pertempuran Bassano pada tanggal 8 September 1796 Pertempuran Bassano Kedua pada tanggal 6 November 1796
9
Pertempuran Rovereto pada tanggal 4 September 1796
8
Pertempuran Castiglione pada tanggal 5 August 1796
7
Pertempuran Lonato dari tanggal 3 hingga 4 Agustus 1796
6
Pertempuran Borghetto pada tanggal 30 Mei 1796
Lodi
5
Pertempuran Lodi pada tanggal 10 Mei 1796
4
Pertempuran Fombio dari tanggal 7 hingga 9 Mei 1796
3
Kampanye Montenotte dari tanggal 10 hingga 28 April 1796
2
Pertempuran Saorgio Kedua (1794) dari tanggal 24 hingga 28 April 1794
Toulon
1
Peta
  pertempuran ini
  Napoleon sebagai panglima
  Napoleon sebagai panglima tertinggi

Pengepungan Toulon (29 Agustus – 19 Desember 1793) adalah keterlibatan militer yang terjadi selama pemberontakan Federalis dan Perang Koalisi Pertama, bagian dari Perang Revolusi Prancis. Perang ini dilakukan oleh pasukan Republik Prancis Pertama melawan pemberontak Royalis yang didukung oleh pasukan Inggris-Spanyol di kota Toulon, Prancis selatan. Selama pengepungan inilah Napoleon Bonaparte muda pertama kali meraih ketenaran dan kenaikan pangkat ketika rencananya, yang melibatkan perebutan benteng di atas pelabuhan, berhasil memaksa kota itu menyerah dan armada Inggris-Spanyol mundur. Pengepungan ini menandai keterlibatan pertama Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Inggris dalam Revolusi Prancis.

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ See Castex, Théories Stratégiques
  2. ^ a b c d e "De re Militari: Guerras Napoleónicas". remilitari.com.