Pengepungan Toulon (1793): Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 11: | Baris 11: | ||
9 kapal tiang ditenggelamkan di pelabuhan, 4 kapal tiang, 7 fregat dan 5 korvet tertangkap<ref name="auto"/> |
9 kapal tiang ditenggelamkan di pelabuhan, 4 kapal tiang, 7 fregat dan 5 korvet tertangkap<ref name="auto"/> |
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| strength2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Royalist France.svg}} 1,500 <br>{{flagicon|Kingdom of Great Britain}} 8,000 & 37 |
| strength2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Royalist France.svg}} 1,500 <br>{{flagicon|Kingdom of Great Britain}} 8,000 & 37 kapal<br>{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} 7,000 & 32 kapal<br>{{flagicon|Kingdom of Naples|1738}}{{flagicon|Kingdom of Sicily}}{{flagicon|Kingdom of Sardinia|1785}} 6,500 & 5 kapal<br>'''Total:'''<br>23,000 orang<br>74 kapal |
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| strength1 = {{flagicon|Republik Prancis Pertama|1790}} 32,000<ref>See Castex, Théories Stratégiques</ref> |
| strength1 = {{flagicon|Republik Prancis Pertama|1790}} 32,000<ref>See Castex, Théories Stratégiques</ref> |
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| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Koalisi Pertama}} |
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Koalisi Pertama}} |
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{{Campaignbox Pemberontakan Royalis Perang Revolusi Prancis}} |
{{Campaignbox Pemberontakan Royalis Perang Revolusi Prancis}} |
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{{Campaignbox Mediterranean Campaign of 1793-1796}} |
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{{Campaignbox French Revolutionary War of the Pyrenees}} |
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{{Campaignbox French Revolutionary Wars Naval Battles}} |
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{{OSM Location map |
{{OSM Location map |
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| width = 304 |
| width = 304 |
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| height = 180 |
| height = 180 |
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| title = [[ |
| title = [[Perang Koalisi Pertama]]:<br>Napoleon Bonaparte |
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| caption = {{legend|black| |
| caption = {{legend|black|pertempuran ini}}{{legend|navy|Napoleon sebagai panglima}}{{legend|maroon|Napoleon sebagai panglima tertinggi}} |
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| shapeD = n-circle |
| shapeD = n-circle |
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Baris 67: | Baris 64: | ||
| label1 = Toulon |
| label1 = Toulon |
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| mark-coord1 = {{coord|43.13|5.92}} |
| mark-coord1 = {{coord|43.13|5.92}} |
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| mark-title1 = Siege of Toulon (1793) |
| mark-title1 = Siege of Toulon (1793) dari tanggal 29 Agustus hingga 19 Desember 1793 |
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| shape-color1 = black |
| shape-color1 = black |
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| label-color1 = black |
| label-color1 = black |
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Baris 73: | Baris 70: | ||
| label2 = |
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| mark-coord2 = {{coord|43.99|7.55}} |
| mark-coord2 = {{coord|43.99|7.55}} |
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| mark-title2 = [[ |
| mark-title2 = [[Pertempuran Saorgio Kedua (1794)]] dari tanggal 24 hingga 28 April 1794 |
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| shape-color2 = navy |
| shape-color2 = navy |
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| label-color2 = navy |
| label-color2 = navy |
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Baris 79: | Baris 76: | ||
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| mark-coord3 = {{coord|44.65|7.87}} |
| mark-coord3 = {{coord|44.65|7.87}} |
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| mark-title3 = [[ |
| mark-title3 = [[Kampanye Montenotte]] dari tanggal 10 hingga 28 April 1796 |
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| label4 = |
| label4 = |
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| mark-coord4 = {{coord|45.15|9.7}} |
| mark-coord4 = {{coord|45.15|9.7}} |
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| mark-title4 = [[ |
| mark-title4 = [[Pertempuran Fombio]] dari tanggal 7 hingga 9 Mei 1796 |
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| label5 = Lodi |
| label5 = Lodi |
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| mark-coord5 = {{coord|45.32|9.5}} |
| mark-coord5 = {{coord|45.32|9.5}} |
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| mark-title5 = [[ |
| mark-title5 = [[Pertempuran Lodi]] pada tanggal 10 Mei 1796 |
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| label6 = |
| label6 = |
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| mark-coord6 = {{coord|45.35|10.73}} |
| mark-coord6 = {{coord|45.35|10.73}} |
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| mark-title6 = [[ |
| mark-title6 = [[Pertempuran Borghetto]] pada tanggal 30 Mei 1796 |
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| label7 = |
| label7 = |
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| mark-coord7 = {{coord|45.46|10.48}} |
| mark-coord7 = {{coord|45.46|10.48}} |
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| mark-title7 = [[ |
| mark-title7 = [[Pertempuran Lonato]] dari tanggal 3 hingga 4 Agustus 1796 |
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| label8 = |
| label8 = |
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| mark-coord8 = {{coord|45.38|10.48}} |
| mark-coord8 = {{coord|45.38|10.48}} |
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| mark-title8 = [[ |
| mark-title8 = [[Pertempuran Castiglione]] pada tanggal 5 August 1796 |
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| label9 = |
| label9 = |
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| mark-coord9 = {{coord|45.88|11.05}} |
| mark-coord9 = {{coord|45.88|11.05}} |
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| mark-title9 = [[ |
| mark-title9 = [[Pertempuran Rovereto]] pada tanggal 4 September 1796 |
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| label10 = |
| label10 = |
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| mark-coord10 = {{coord|45.77|11.73}} |
| mark-coord10 = {{coord|45.77|11.73}} |
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| mark-title10 = [[ |
| mark-title10 = [[Pertempuran Bassano]] pada tanggal 8 September 1796<br>[[Pertempuran Bassano Kedua]] pada tanggal 6 November 1796 |
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| label11 = |
| label11 = |
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| mark-coord11 = {{coord|45.42|11.18}} |
| mark-coord11 = {{coord|45.42|11.18}} |
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| mark-title11 = [[ |
| mark-title11 = [[Pertempuran Caldiero (1796)]] pada tanggal 12 November 1796 |
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| label12 = |
| label12 = |
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| mark-coord12 = {{coord|45.35|11.28}} |
| mark-coord12 = {{coord|45.35|11.28}} |
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| mark-title12 = [[ |
| mark-title12 = [[Pertempuran Arcole]] dari tanggal 15 hingga 17 November 1796 |
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| label13 = |
| label13 = |
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| mark-coord13 = {{coord|45.57|10.82}} |
| mark-coord13 = {{coord|45.57|10.82}} |
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| mark-title13 = [[ |
| mark-title13 = [[Pertempuran Rivoli]] dari tanggal 14 hingga 15 Januari 1797 |
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| label14 = |
| label14 = |
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| mark-coord14 = {{coord|45.16|10.8}} |
| mark-coord14 = {{coord|45.16|10.8}} |
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| mark-title14 = [[ |
| mark-title14 = [[Pengepungan Mantua (1796–1797)]] dari tanggal 27 Agustus 1796 hingga 2 Februari 1797 |
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| mark-coord15 = {{coord|46|12.87}} |
| mark-coord15 = {{coord|46|12.87}} |
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| mark-title15 = [[ |
| mark-title15 = [[Pertempuran Valvasone (1797)]] pada tanggal 16 Maret 1797 |
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| label16 = |
| label16 = |
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| mark-coord16 = {{coord|46.51|13.58}} |
| mark-coord16 = {{coord|46.51|13.58}} |
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| mark-title16 = [[ |
| mark-title16 = [[Pertempuran Tarvis (1797)]] dari tanggal 21 hingga 23 Maret 1797 |
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}} |
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'''Pengepungan Toulon''' (29 Agustus – 19 Desember 1793) adalah keterlibatan militer yang terjadi selama [[pemberontakan Federalis]] dan [[Perang Koalisi Pertama]], bagian dari [[Perang Revolusi Prancis]]. Perang ini dilakukan oleh pasukan [[Republik Prancis Pertama]] melawan pemberontak [[Wangsa Bourbon|Royalis]] yang didukung oleh pasukan Inggris-Spanyol di kota [[Toulon]], Prancis selatan. Selama pengepungan inilah [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] muda pertama kali meraih ketenaran dan kenaikan pangkat ketika rencananya, yang melibatkan perebutan benteng di atas pelabuhan, berhasil memaksa kota itu menyerah dan armada Inggris-Spanyol mundur. Pengepungan ini menandai keterlibatan pertama [[Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Inggris]] dalam Revolusi Prancis. |
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The '''siege of Toulon''' (29 August – 19 December 1793) was a military engagement that took place during the [[Federalist revolts]] and the [[War of the First Coalition]], part of the [[Campaigns of 1793 in the French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary Wars]]. It was undertaken by forces of the [[First French Republic|French Republic]] against [[House of Bourbon|Royalist]] rebels supported by Anglo-Spanish forces in the southern French city of [[Toulon]]. It was during this siege that young [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] first won fame and promotion when his plan, involving the capture of fortifications above the harbour, was credited with forcing the city to capitulate and the Anglo-Spanish fleet to withdraw. The siege marked the first involvement of the British [[Royal Navy]] with the French Revolution. |
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==Referensi== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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== Sumber == |
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* {{Cite book|last1=Krebs|first1=Chef d'Escadron d'Artillerie, Léonce|title=Compagnes dans Les Alpes pendant La Révolution|last2=Moris|first2=Henri|year=1891|location=Paris}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Chartrand|first=René|title=Men-at-Arms Series: Émigré & Foreign Troops in British Service (Part I, 1793–1802)|publisher=Osprey Military Publishings|year=1999|isbn=978-1472807205|location=Botley, Oxfordshire, UK|oclc=1021804719}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Forczyk|first=Robert|title=Campaign Series: Toulon 1793, Napoleon's first great victory|publisher=Osprey Military Publishings|year=2005|isbn=978-1846036743|location=Botley, Oxfordshire, UK|oclc=646790061}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Digby|title=The Greenhill Napoleonic wars data book|publisher=Greenhill Books Stackpole Books|year=1998|isbn=978-1-85367-276-7|publication-place=London; Mechanicsburg, PA|oclc=37616149}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Digby|title=Napoleon's Regiments: Battle Histories of the Regiments of the French Army, 1792–1815|url=https://archive.org/details/napoleonsregimen0000smit|publisher=Greenhill Books|year=2000|isbn=978-1853674136|location=London|oclc=43787649}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Duncan|first=Captain Francis|title=History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, Volume II|publisher=John Murray, Albemarle Street|year=1873|location=London}} |
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* Chandler, David. ''The Campaigns of Napoleon''. Simon & Schuster, 1966. {{ISBN|0-02-523660-1}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Clowes|first=William Laird|title=The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume IV|publisher=Chatham Publishing|year=1997|isbn=1-86176-013-2|location=London|author-link=William Laird Clowes|orig-year=1899}} |
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* Ireland, Bernard. ''The Fall of Toulon: The Last Opportunity to Defeat the French Revolution''. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005. {{ISBN|0-297-84612-4}} |
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* {{cite book|last=James|first=William|title=The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 1, 1793–1796|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|year=2002|isbn=0-85177-905-0|location=London|author-link=William James (naval historian)|orig-year=1827}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Rodger|first=N.A.M.|title=The Command of the Ocean|url=https://archive.org/details/commandofoceanna0000rodg_o2a6|publisher=Allan Lane|year=2004|isbn=0-71399-411-8|author-link=Nicholas Rodger}} |
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* Smith, Digby. ''The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book''. Greenhill Books, 1998. {{ISBN|1-85367-276-9}} |
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* {{cite book|editor-last=Tracy|editor-first=Nicholas |title=The Naval Chronicle, Volume 1, 1793–1798|publisher=Chatham Publishing|year=1998|isbn=1-86176-091-4|location=London}} |
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* Usherwood, Stephen. "The Siege of Toulon, 1793." ''History Today'' (Jan 1972), Vol. 22 Issue 1, hlm. 17–24 online. |
Revisi terkini sejak 10 Mei 2024 00.30
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Napoleon Bonaparte
Pengepungan Toulon (29 Agustus – 19 Desember 1793) adalah keterlibatan militer yang terjadi selama pemberontakan Federalis dan Perang Koalisi Pertama, bagian dari Perang Revolusi Prancis. Perang ini dilakukan oleh pasukan Republik Prancis Pertama melawan pemberontak Royalis yang didukung oleh pasukan Inggris-Spanyol di kota Toulon, Prancis selatan. Selama pengepungan inilah Napoleon Bonaparte muda pertama kali meraih ketenaran dan kenaikan pangkat ketika rencananya, yang melibatkan perebutan benteng di atas pelabuhan, berhasil memaksa kota itu menyerah dan armada Inggris-Spanyol mundur. Pengepungan ini menandai keterlibatan pertama Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Inggris dalam Revolusi Prancis.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Sumber
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Krebs, Chef d'Escadron d'Artillerie, Léonce; Moris, Henri (1891). Compagnes dans Les Alpes pendant La Révolution. Paris.
- Chartrand, René (1999). Men-at-Arms Series: Émigré & Foreign Troops in British Service (Part I, 1793–1802). Botley, Oxfordshire, UK: Osprey Military Publishings. ISBN 978-1472807205. OCLC 1021804719.
- Forczyk, Robert (2005). Campaign Series: Toulon 1793, Napoleon's first great victory. Botley, Oxfordshire, UK: Osprey Military Publishings. ISBN 978-1846036743. OCLC 646790061.
- Smith, Digby (1998). The Greenhill Napoleonic wars data book. London; Mechanicsburg, PA: Greenhill Books Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-1-85367-276-7. OCLC 37616149.
- Smith, Digby (2000). Napoleon's Regiments: Battle Histories of the Regiments of the French Army, 1792–1815. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1853674136. OCLC 43787649.
- Duncan, Captain Francis (1873). History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, Volume II. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street.
- Chandler, David. The Campaigns of Napoleon. Simon & Schuster, 1966. ISBN 0-02-523660-1
- Clowes, William Laird (1997) [1899]. The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume IV. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-86176-013-2.
- Ireland, Bernard. The Fall of Toulon: The Last Opportunity to Defeat the French Revolution. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005. ISBN 0-297-84612-4
- James, William (2002) [1827]. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 1, 1793–1796. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-905-0.
- Rodger, N.A.M. (2004). The Command of the Ocean. Allan Lane. ISBN 0-71399-411-8.
- Smith, Digby. The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book. Greenhill Books, 1998. ISBN 1-85367-276-9
- Tracy, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Naval Chronicle, Volume 1, 1793–1798. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-86176-091-4.
- Usherwood, Stephen. "The Siege of Toulon, 1793." History Today (Jan 1972), Vol. 22 Issue 1, hlm. 17–24 online.