Commodus: Perbedaan antara revisi
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k →Pranala luar: Persondata now moved to wikidata, removed: {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see Wikipedia:Persondata. --> | NAME = Commodus | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Roman emperor | DATE OF BIRTH = 31 August 0161 |
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(13 revisi perantara oleh 6 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox Royalty |
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| title = |
| title = |
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| succession = [[Kaisar Romawi|Kaisar ke-18]] dari [[Kekaisaran Romawi]] |
| succession = [[Kaisar Romawi|Kaisar ke-18]] dari [[Kekaisaran Romawi]] |
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Baris 11: | Baris 11: | ||
| reg-type = {{nowrap|Co-emperor}} |
| reg-type = {{nowrap|Co-emperor}} |
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| regent = [[Marcus Aurelius]] (177–180) |
| regent = [[Marcus Aurelius]] (177–180) |
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| spouse |
| spouse= [[Bruttia Crispina]] (istri)<br>[[Marcia (gundik Commodus)|Marcia]] ([[gundik]]) |
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| issue = |
| issue = |
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| dynasty = [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty|Nerva–Antonine]] |
| dynasty = [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty|Nerva–Antonine]] |
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| father = [[Marcus Aurelius]] |
| father = [[Marcus Aurelius]] |
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| mother = [[Faustina |
| mother = [[Faustina yang Muda|Faustina]] |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|161|8|31|df=y}} |
| birth_date = {{Birth date|161|8|31|df=y}} |
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| birth_place = [[Lanuvium]], dekat Roma |
| birth_place = [[Lanuvium]], dekat Roma |
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Baris 22: | Baris 22: | ||
| place of burial = Roma |
| place of burial = Roma |
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|}} |
|}} |
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⚫ | '''Commodus''' (''Marcus Aurelius Comodus Antonius Augustus'';<ref>Dalam [[Classical Latin|tulisan klasik Latin]], nama Commodus ditulis sebagai MARCVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS.</ref> 31 Agustus 161 M - 31 Desember 192 M) adalah seorang [[Penguasa Roma]] sejak 180 M hingga 192 M. Dia juga menjadi wakil penguasa dengan ayahnya ''(Marcus Aurelius)'' pada 177 M hingga kematian ayahnya pada 180 M. |
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⚫ | '''Commodus''' (''Marcus Aurelius Comodus Antonius Augustus''<ref>Dalam |
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Commodus mati dibunuh pada tahun 192 M. |
Commodus mati dibunuh pada tahun 192 M. |
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Baris 112: | Baris 108: | ||
Commodus was succeeded by [[Pertinax]], whose reign was short lived, being the first to fall victim to the [[Year of the Five Emperors]]. Commodus' death marked the end of the [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty]]. |
Commodus was succeeded by [[Pertinax]], whose reign was short lived, being the first to fall victim to the [[Year of the Five Emperors]]. Commodus' death marked the end of the [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty]]. |
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== Karakter dan fisik == |
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=== Karakter dan motivasi === |
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==Character and physical prowess== |
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===Character and motivations=== |
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<!-- Replaced by KunsthistorischesMuseumComodus.jpg above [[File:Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna June 2006 024.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Bust of Commodus ([[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], Vienna) According to [[Herodian]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=d7DhHGX6wZkC&pg=PA59&dq=Commodus+appearance&sig=oHNII-3un-Rs1QhDGBwxsHxh-R0 Google Books Search]</ref> he was well proportioned and attractive, with naturally blonde and curly hair.]] --> |
<!-- Replaced by KunsthistorischesMuseumComodus.jpg above [[File:Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna June 2006 024.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Bust of Commodus ([[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], Vienna) According to [[Herodian]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=d7DhHGX6wZkC&pg=PA59&dq=Commodus+appearance&sig=oHNII-3un-Rs1QhDGBwxsHxh-R0 Google Books Search]</ref> he was well proportioned and attractive, with naturally blonde and curly hair.]] --> |
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Dio |
[[Cassius Dio]], seorang saksi mata, menggambarkannya sebagai "bukan orang jahat secara alami, tetapi sebaliknya, sepolos siapapun yang pernah hidup. Namun, sifat sederhana yang kuat, bersama sifat penakutnya, membuatnya menjadi budak rekan-rekannya, dan melalui mereka, pada mulanya, berkat kenaifannya, tidak bisa menikmati hidup yang lebih baik, dan kemudian diarahkan ke kebiasaan foya-foya dan kejam, yang kemudian menjadi sifat keduanya."<ref>Dio Cassius 73.1.2, Loeb edition translated E. Cary</ref> |
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His recorded actions do tend to show a rejection of his father’s policies, his father’s advisers, and especially his father’s austere lifestyle, and an alienation from the surviving members of his family. It seems likely that he was brought up in an atmosphere of [[Stoicism|Stoic]] [[asceticism]], which he rejected entirely upon his accession to sole rule. |
His recorded actions do tend to show a rejection of his father’s policies, his father’s advisers, and especially his father’s austere lifestyle, and an alienation from the surviving members of his family. It seems likely that he was brought up in an atmosphere of [[Stoicism|Stoic]] [[asceticism]], which he rejected entirely upon his accession to sole rule. |
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After repeated attempts on Commodus' life, [[Roman citizenship|Roman citizens]] were often killed for making him angry. One such notable event was the attempted extermination of the house of the Quinctilii. Condianus and Maximus were executed on the pretext that, while they were not implicated in any plots, their wealth and talent would make them unhappy with the current state of affairs.<ref>Dio Cassius 73.5.3, Loeb edition translated E. Cary</ref> |
After repeated attempts on Commodus' life, [[Roman citizenship|Roman citizens]] were often killed for making him angry. One such notable event was the attempted extermination of the house of the Quinctilii. Condianus and Maximus were executed on the pretext that, while they were not implicated in any plots, their wealth and talent would make them unhappy with the current state of affairs.<ref>Dio Cassius 73.5.3, Loeb edition translated E. Cary</ref> |
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===Commodus and Hercules=== |
===Commodus and Hercules=== |
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Disdaining the more philosophic inclinations of his father, Commodus was extremely proud of his physical prowess. The historian Herodian, a contemporary, described Commodus as an extremely handsome man.<ref>Grant, Michael. The Roman Emperors (1985)pp 99. </ref> As mentioned above, he ordered many statues to be made showing him dressed as Hercules with a lion's hide and a club. He thought of himself as the reincarnation of Hercules, frequently emulating the legendary hero's feats by appearing in the arena to fight a variety of wild animals. He was left-handed, and very proud of the fact. |
Disdaining the more philosophic inclinations of his father, Commodus was extremely proud of his physical prowess. The historian Herodian, a contemporary, described Commodus as an extremely handsome man.<ref>Grant, Michael. The Roman Emperors (1985)pp 99. </ref> As mentioned above, he ordered many statues to be made showing him dressed as Hercules with a lion's hide and a club. He thought of himself as the reincarnation of Hercules, frequently emulating the legendary hero's feats by appearing in the arena to fight a variety of wild animals. He was left-handed, and very proud of the fact.<ref>Dio, Cassius. Roman History: Epitome of Book LXXIII pp 111.</ref> Cassius Dio and the writers of the ''[[Augustan History]]'' say that Commodus was a skilled archer, who could shoot the heads off [[ostriches]] in full gallop, and kill a [[Black panther|panther]] as it attacked a victim in the arena. |
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===Commodus the gladiator=== |
===Commodus the gladiator=== |
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* In 2000's [[Academy Award]]–winner for Best Picture, ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]'', a fictionalized Commodus serves as the main antagonist of the film. He is played by [[Joaquin Phoenix]].<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0002128/ IMDb] Commodus (Character) from Gladiator (2000) Retrieved October 2012</ref> |
* In 2000's [[Academy Award]]–winner for Best Picture, ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]'', a fictionalized Commodus serves as the main antagonist of the film. He is played by [[Joaquin Phoenix]].<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0002128/ IMDb] Commodus (Character) from Gladiator (2000) Retrieved October 2012</ref> |
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{{Nerva-Antonine family tree}} |
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==Leluhur== |
== Leluhur == |
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{{ahnentafel top|[[ |
{{ahnentafel top|[[Silsilah]] Commodus}} |
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==Referensi== |
== Referensi == |
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{{Reflist|20em}} |
{{Reflist|20em}} |
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==Pranala luar== |
== Pranala luar == |
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{{Commons|Commodus}} |
{{Commons|Commodus}} |
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*[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Commodus*.html Historia Augusta: Life of Commodus] |
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Commodus*.html Historia Augusta: Life of Commodus] |
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*[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/73*.html Book 73 of Cassius Dio's History] |
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/73*.html Book 73 of Cassius Dio's History] |
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*[http://www.livius.org/he-hg/herodian/hre115.html Herodian's Roman History] |
* [http://www.livius.org/he-hg/herodian/hre115.html Herodian's Roman History] |
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{{S-start}} |
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{{s-bef|before = [[Marcus Aurelius]]}} |
{{s-bef|before = [[Marcus Aurelius]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title = [[List of Roman Emperors| |
{{s-ttl|title = [[List of Roman Emperors|Kaisar Romawi]]|years = 180–192}} |
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{{s-aft|after = [[Pertinax]]}} |
{{s-aft|after = [[Pertinax]]}} |
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{{s-off}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Commodus |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Roman emperor |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 31 August 0161 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Lanuvium]] |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 31 December 0192 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = Rome |
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}} |
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Revisi terkini sejak 26 Juni 2024 20.19
Commodus | |||||
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Kaisar ke-18 dari Kekaisaran Romawi | |||||
Berkuasa | 177 – 31 December 192 | ||||
Pendahulu | Marcus Aurelius, ayah | ||||
Penerus | Pertinax | ||||
Co-emperor | Marcus Aurelius (177–180) | ||||
Kelahiran | Lanuvium, dekat Roma | 31 Agustus 161||||
Kematian | 31 Desember 192 (usia 31) Roma | ||||
Pemakaman | Roma | ||||
Pasangan | Bruttia Crispina (istri) Marcia (gundik) | ||||
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Dinasti | Nerva–Antonine | ||||
Ayah | Marcus Aurelius | ||||
Ibu | Faustina |
Commodus (Marcus Aurelius Comodus Antonius Augustus;[1] 31 Agustus 161 M - 31 Desember 192 M) adalah seorang Penguasa Roma sejak 180 M hingga 192 M. Dia juga menjadi wakil penguasa dengan ayahnya (Marcus Aurelius) pada 177 M hingga kematian ayahnya pada 180 M.
Commodus mati dibunuh pada tahun 192 M.
Karakter dan fisik
[sunting | sunting sumber]Karakter dan motivasi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Cassius Dio, seorang saksi mata, menggambarkannya sebagai "bukan orang jahat secara alami, tetapi sebaliknya, sepolos siapapun yang pernah hidup. Namun, sifat sederhana yang kuat, bersama sifat penakutnya, membuatnya menjadi budak rekan-rekannya, dan melalui mereka, pada mulanya, berkat kenaifannya, tidak bisa menikmati hidup yang lebih baik, dan kemudian diarahkan ke kebiasaan foya-foya dan kejam, yang kemudian menjadi sifat keduanya."[2]
Leluhur
[sunting | sunting sumber]Silsilah Commodus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Dalam tulisan klasik Latin, nama Commodus ditulis sebagai MARCVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS.
- ^ Dio Cassius 73.1.2, Loeb edition translated E. Cary
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Commodus.