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k →‎Pranala luar: Persondata now moved to wikidata, removed: {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see Wikipedia:Persondata. --> | NAME = Commodus | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Roman emperor | DATE OF BIRTH = 31 August 0161
 
(10 revisi perantara oleh 6 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 11: Baris 11:
| reg-type = {{nowrap|Co-emperor}}
| reg-type = {{nowrap|Co-emperor}}
| regent = [[Marcus Aurelius]] (177–180)
| regent = [[Marcus Aurelius]] (177–180)
| spouse 1= [[Bruttia Crispina]]
| spouse= [[Bruttia Crispina]] (istri)<br>[[Marcia (gundik Commodus)|Marcia]] ([[gundik]])
| issue =
| issue =
| dynasty = [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty|Nerva–Antonine]]
| dynasty = [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty|Nerva–Antonine]]
| father = [[Marcus Aurelius]]
| father = [[Marcus Aurelius]]
| mother = [[Faustina the Younger|Faustina]]
| mother = [[Faustina yang Muda|Faustina]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|161|8|31|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|161|8|31|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lanuvium]], dekat Roma
| birth_place = [[Lanuvium]], dekat Roma
Baris 22: Baris 22:
| place of burial = Roma
| place of burial = Roma
|}}
|}}
'''Commodus'''&nbsp;(''Marcus Aurelius Comodus Antonius Augustus''<ref>Dalam [[:en:Classical Latin|tulisan klasik Latin]], nama Commodus ditulis sebagai MARCVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS.</ref>; 31 Agustus 161 M - 31 Desember 192 M) adalah seorang [[Penguasa Roma]] sejak 180 M hingga 192 M. Dia juga menjadi wakil penguasa dengan ayahnya ''(Marcus Aurelius)'' pada 177 M hingga kematian ayahnya pada 180 M.
'''Commodus'''&nbsp;(''Marcus Aurelius Comodus Antonius Augustus'';<ref>Dalam [[Classical Latin|tulisan klasik Latin]], nama Commodus ditulis sebagai MARCVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS.</ref> 31 Agustus 161 M - 31 Desember 192 M) adalah seorang [[Penguasa Roma]] sejak 180 M hingga 192 M. Dia juga menjadi wakil penguasa dengan ayahnya ''(Marcus Aurelius)'' pada 177 M hingga kematian ayahnya pada 180 M.


Commodus mati dibunuh pada tahun 192 M.
Commodus mati dibunuh pada tahun 192 M.
Baris 109: Baris 109:
Commodus was succeeded by [[Pertinax]], whose reign was short lived, being the first to fall victim to the [[Year of the Five Emperors]]. Commodus' death marked the end of the [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty]].
Commodus was succeeded by [[Pertinax]], whose reign was short lived, being the first to fall victim to the [[Year of the Five Emperors]]. Commodus' death marked the end of the [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty]].
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==Karakter dan fisik==
== Karakter dan fisik ==


===Karakter dan motivasi===
=== Karakter dan motivasi ===
[[File:Commode pièce.jpg|thumb|Commodus]]
[[Berkas:Commode pièce.jpg|jmpl|Commodus]]
<!-- Replaced by KunsthistorischesMuseumComodus.jpg above [[File:Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna June 2006 024.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Bust of Commodus ([[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], Vienna) According to [[Herodian]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=d7DhHGX6wZkC&pg=PA59&dq=Commodus+appearance&sig=oHNII-3un-Rs1QhDGBwxsHxh-R0 Google Books Search]</ref> he was well proportioned and attractive, with naturally blonde and curly hair.]] -->
<!-- Replaced by KunsthistorischesMuseumComodus.jpg above [[File:Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna June 2006 024.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Bust of Commodus ([[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], Vienna) According to [[Herodian]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=d7DhHGX6wZkC&pg=PA59&dq=Commodus+appearance&sig=oHNII-3un-Rs1QhDGBwxsHxh-R0 Google Books Search]</ref> he was well proportioned and attractive, with naturally blonde and curly hair.]] -->
Dio Cassius, seorang saksi mata, menggambarkannya sebagai "bukan orang jahat secara alami, tetapi sebaliknya, sepolos siapapun yang pernah hidup. Namun, sifat sederhana yang kuat, bersama sifat penakutnya, membuatnya menjadi budak rekan-rekannya, dan melalui mereka, pada mulanya, berkat kenaifannya, tidak bisa menikmati hidup yang lebih baik, dan kemudian diarahkan ke kebiasaan foya-foya dan kejam, yang kemudian menjadi sifat keduanya."<ref>Dio Cassius 73.1.2, Loeb edition translated E. Cary</ref>
[[Cassius Dio]], seorang saksi mata, menggambarkannya sebagai "bukan orang jahat secara alami, tetapi sebaliknya, sepolos siapapun yang pernah hidup. Namun, sifat sederhana yang kuat, bersama sifat penakutnya, membuatnya menjadi budak rekan-rekannya, dan melalui mereka, pada mulanya, berkat kenaifannya, tidak bisa menikmati hidup yang lebih baik, dan kemudian diarahkan ke kebiasaan foya-foya dan kejam, yang kemudian menjadi sifat keduanya."<ref>Dio Cassius 73.1.2, Loeb edition translated E. Cary</ref>
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His recorded actions do tend to show a rejection of his father’s policies, his father’s advisers, and especially his father’s austere lifestyle, and an alienation from the surviving members of his family. It seems likely that he was brought up in an atmosphere of [[Stoicism|Stoic]] [[asceticism]], which he rejected entirely upon his accession to sole rule.
His recorded actions do tend to show a rejection of his father’s policies, his father’s advisers, and especially his father’s austere lifestyle, and an alienation from the surviving members of his family. It seems likely that he was brought up in an atmosphere of [[Stoicism|Stoic]] [[asceticism]], which he rejected entirely upon his accession to sole rule.
Baris 127: Baris 127:


===Commodus and Hercules===
===Commodus and Hercules===
Disdaining the more philosophic inclinations of his father, Commodus was extremely proud of his physical prowess. The historian Herodian, a contemporary, described Commodus as an extremely handsome man.<ref>Grant, Michael. The Roman Emperors (1985)pp 99. </ref> As mentioned above, he ordered many statues to be made showing him dressed as Hercules with a lion's hide and a club. He thought of himself as the reincarnation of Hercules, frequently emulating the legendary hero's feats by appearing in the arena to fight a variety of wild animals. He was left-handed, and very proud of the fact. <ref>Dio, Cassius. Roman History: Epitome of Book LXXIII pp 111.</ref> Cassius Dio and the writers of the ''[[Augustan History]]'' say that Commodus was a skilled archer, who could shoot the heads off [[ostriches]] in full gallop, and kill a [[Black panther|panther]] as it attacked a victim in the arena.
Disdaining the more philosophic inclinations of his father, Commodus was extremely proud of his physical prowess. The historian Herodian, a contemporary, described Commodus as an extremely handsome man.<ref>Grant, Michael. The Roman Emperors (1985)pp 99. </ref> As mentioned above, he ordered many statues to be made showing him dressed as Hercules with a lion's hide and a club. He thought of himself as the reincarnation of Hercules, frequently emulating the legendary hero's feats by appearing in the arena to fight a variety of wild animals. He was left-handed, and very proud of the fact.<ref>Dio, Cassius. Roman History: Epitome of Book LXXIII pp 111.</ref> Cassius Dio and the writers of the ''[[Augustan History]]'' say that Commodus was a skilled archer, who could shoot the heads off [[ostriches]] in full gallop, and kill a [[Black panther|panther]] as it attacked a victim in the arena.


===Commodus the gladiator===
===Commodus the gladiator===
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<!--{{Nerva-Antonine family tree}}
<!--{{Nerva-Antonine family tree}}
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==Leluhur==
== Leluhur ==
{{ahnentafel top|[[Silsilah]] Commodus}}
{{ahnentafel top|[[Silsilah]] Commodus}}
{{ahnentafel-compact4
{{ahnentafel-compact4
Baris 172: Baris 173:
{{ahnentafel bottom}}
{{ahnentafel bottom}}


==Referensi==
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|20em}}
{{Reflist|20em}}


==Pranala luar==
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons|Commodus}}
{{Commons|Commodus}}
*[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Commodus*.html Historia Augusta: Life of Commodus]
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Commodus*.html Historia Augusta: Life of Commodus]
*[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/73*.html Book 73 of Cassius Dio's History]
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/73*.html Book 73 of Cassius Dio's History]
*[http://www.livius.org/he-hg/herodian/hre115.html Herodian's Roman History]
* [http://www.livius.org/he-hg/herodian/hre115.html Herodian's Roman History]


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
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{{s-reg}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Marcus Aurelius]]}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Marcus Aurelius]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[List of Roman Emperors|Roman Emperor]]|years = 180–192}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[List of Roman Emperors|Kaisar Romawi]]|years = 180–192}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Pertinax]]}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Pertinax]]}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-off}}
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


⚫
[[Kategori:Kaisar Romawi abad ke-2]]
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Commodus
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Roman emperor
| DATE OF BIRTH = 31 August 0161
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Lanuvium]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 31 December 0192
| PLACE OF DEATH = Rome
}}

⚫
[[Kategori:Kaisar Romawi]]

Revisi terkini sejak 26 Juni 2024 20.19

Commodus
Commodus sebagai Hercules,
Capitoline Museums
Kaisar ke-18 dari Kekaisaran Romawi
Berkuasa177 – 31 December 192
PendahuluMarcus Aurelius, ayah
PenerusPertinax
Co-emperorMarcus Aurelius (177–180)
Kelahiran(161-08-31)31 Agustus 161
Lanuvium, dekat Roma
Kematian31 Desember 192 (usia 31)
Roma
Pemakaman
Roma
PasanganBruttia Crispina (istri)
Marcia (gundik)
Nama lengkap
Lucius Aurelius Commodus
(from birth to 166);
Caesar Lucius Aurelius Commodus (166 to 176);
Caesar Lucius Aurelius Commodus Augustus (176 to 180);
Caesar Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus (180);
Caesar Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus (180 to 191);
Caesar Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus (191 to death)
DinastiNerva–Antonine
AyahMarcus Aurelius
IbuFaustina

Commodus (Marcus Aurelius Comodus Antonius Augustus;[1] 31 Agustus 161 M - 31 Desember 192 M) adalah seorang Penguasa Roma sejak 180 M hingga 192 M. Dia juga menjadi wakil penguasa dengan ayahnya (Marcus Aurelius) pada 177 M hingga kematian ayahnya pada 180 M.

Commodus mati dibunuh pada tahun 192 M.

Karakter dan fisik

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Karakter dan motivasi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Commodus

Cassius Dio, seorang saksi mata, menggambarkannya sebagai "bukan orang jahat secara alami, tetapi sebaliknya, sepolos siapapun yang pernah hidup. Namun, sifat sederhana yang kuat, bersama sifat penakutnya, membuatnya menjadi budak rekan-rekannya, dan melalui mereka, pada mulanya, berkat kenaifannya, tidak bisa menikmati hidup yang lebih baik, dan kemudian diarahkan ke kebiasaan foya-foya dan kejam, yang kemudian menjadi sifat keduanya."[2]

Leluhur

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ Dalam tulisan klasik Latin, nama Commodus ditulis sebagai MARCVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS.
  2. ^ Dio Cassius 73.1.2, Loeb edition translated E. Cary

Pranala luar

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Commodus.
Commodus
Lahir: 31 August 161 Meninggal: 31 December 192
Gelar kebangsawanan
Didahului oleh:
Marcus Aurelius 		Kaisar Romawi
180–192 		Diteruskan oleh:
Pertinax
Jabatan politik
Didahului oleh:
Titus Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio and Marcus Flavius Aper II 		Consul of the Roman Empire with Marcus Peducaeus Plautius Quintillus
177 		Diteruskan oleh:
Servius Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus and Domitius Velius Rufus
Didahului oleh:
Servius Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus and Domitius Velius Rufus 		Consul of the Roman Empire with Publius Martius Verus
179 		Diteruskan oleh:
Gaius Bruttius Praesens and Sextus Quinctilius Condianus
Didahului oleh:
Gaius Bruttius Praesens and Sextus Quinctilius Condianus 		Consul of the Roman Empire with Lucius Antistius Burrus
181 		Diteruskan oleh:
Marcus Petronius Sura Mamertinus and Quintus Tineius Rufus
Didahului oleh:
Marcus Petronius Sura Mamertinus and Quintus Tineius Rufus 		Consul of the Roman Empire with Gaius Aufidius Victorinus
183 		Diteruskan oleh:
Lucius Cossonius Eggius Marullus and Cnaeus Papirius Aelianus
Didahului oleh:
Maternus and Tiberius Claudius Marcus Appius Atilius Bradua Regillus Atticus 		Consul of the Roman Empire with Marcus Acilius Glabrio
186 		Diteruskan oleh:
Lucius Bruttius Quintius Crispinus and L. Roscius Aelianus Paculus
Didahului oleh:
Domitius Iulius Silanus and Quintus Servilius Silanus 		Consul of the Roman Empire with Marcus Petronius Sura Septimianus
190 		Diteruskan oleh:
Popilius Pedo Apronianus and M. Valerius Bradua Mauricus
Didahului oleh:
Popilius Pedo Apronianus and Marcus Valerius Bradua Mauricus 		Consul of the Roman Empire with Pertinax
192 		Diteruskan oleh:
Quintus Pompeius Sosius Falco and Gaius Iulius Erucius Clarus Vibianus
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