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{{untuk|Halaman bantuan pengucapan huruf IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet)|Bantuan:Pengucapan}}{{for|Bacaan lebih lanjut mengenai sistem suara bahasa Melayu|Fonologi bahasa Melayu}}
{{IPAkeys}}
{{Templat:Bantuan:Bantuan/seri tab}}<!-- templat ini hanya digunakan untuk halaman Bantuan: , bukan Wikipedia:-->
IPA untuk pengucapan bahasa Melayu dan Indonesia
{{Templat:Bantuan:Bantuan/sidebar}}<!-- templat ini hanya digunakan untuk halaman Bantuan: , bukan Wikipedia:-->
{{Wikipedia IPA}}
Tabel di bawah ini menunjukan nilai serta pengucapan [[Bunyi bahasa|suara]] dalam bahasa [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]] (termasuk bahasa [[Indonesia]]) dengan transkripsi simbol [[Alfabet Fonetik Internasional|fonetik]], yang akan digunakan pada artikel-artikel Wikipedia.


{|
{| style="background:none;"
|-----
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="3"| Konsonan
! colspan="4"|

=== Konsonan ===
|-
|-
! IPA !! Contoh !! pengucapan dekat bahasa Inggris
! IPA !! Huruf Arab !! Kemiripan bunyi{{br}}dalam bahasa lain
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg|p}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
| '''p'''unya
| align="left"| '''b'''ola <ref name=stop>{{IPA|/p/}}, {{IPA|/t/}}, {{IPA|/k/}} are [[aspiration (phonetics)|unaspirated]], as in the [[Romance languages]], or as in English ''spy, sty, sky.'' In final position, they are [[unreleased stop|unreleased]] {{IPA|[p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚]}}, with final ''k'' being a [[glottal stop]]. {{IPA|/b, d/}} are also unreleased, and therefore devoiced, {{IPA|[p̚, t̚]}}. There is no [[Liaison (French)|liaison]]: they remain unreleased even when followed by a vowel, as in ''kulit ubi'' "potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix.</ref>
|align="left"| '''b'''eau
| s'''p'''in (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiced bilabial plosive.ogg|b}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|d}}</big>
| '''b'''arang
| align="left"| '''d'''ari <ref name=stop/>
|align="left"| '''d'''o
| '''b'''eef (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg|t}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|dʒ}}</big>
| align="left"| '''j'''ari
| '''t'''empat
|align="left"| '''j'''ob
| s'''t'''ub (inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"| {{bunyiIPA|voiced alveolar plosive.ogg|d}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
| '''d'''engan
| align="left"| '''f'''ikir, '''v'''isa <ref name=loan>The fricatives {{IPA|[f, z, ʃ, x]}} are found in loanwords only. Some speakers pronounce orthographic ‹v› in loanwords as {{IPAblink|v}}; otherwise it is {{IPAblink|f}}.</ref>
|align="left"| '''f'''estival
| '''d'''ust (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg|t͡ʃ}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
| '''c'''epat
| align="left"| '''g'''alah <ref name=glottal/>
|align="left"| '''g'''ain
| '''ch'''in (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"| {{bunyiIPA|voiced postalveolar affricate.ogg|d͡ʒ}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
| '''j'''alan
| align="left"| '''h'''abis, toko'''h'''
|align="left"| '''h'''at
| '''j'''aw (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiceless velar plosive.ogg|k}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
| align="left"| '''y'''akin, ka'''y'''a
| '''k'''amu
|align="left"| '''y'''es
| s'''k'''in (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiced velar plosive.ogg|g}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
| pa'''g'''i
| align="left"| '''k'''alah <ref name=stop/><ref name=glottal/>
|align="left"| s'''k'''y
| '''g'''ood (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"| {{bunyiIPA|voiceless labiodental fricative.ogg|f}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
| align="left"| '''l'''ama
| '''f'''irasat
|align="left"| c'''l'''ean
| '''f'''un (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiced labiodental fricative.ogg|v}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
| align="left"| '''m'''akan
| '''v'''isa
|align="left"| '''m'''oon
| '''v'''ent (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"| {{bunyiIPA|voiceless alveolar fricative.ogg|s}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
| align="left"| '''n'''akal
| '''s'''angat
|align="left"| '''n'''ote
| '''s'''un (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiced alveolar fricative.ogg|z}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
| align="left"| '''ng'''arai
| '''z'''aman
| '''z'''ero (Inggris)
|align="left"| feeli'''ng'''
|-
|-
| align="center"| {{bunyiIPA|voiceless postalveolar fricative.ogg|ʃ}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big>
| align="left"| '''ny'''aman
| '''sy'''arat
|align="left"| ca'''ny'''on
| '''sh'''ame (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiceless velar fricative.ogg|x}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
| a'''kh'''ir
| align="left"| '''p'''ola <ref name=stop/>
| lo'''ch''' (Inggris dialek [[Skotlandia]])
|align="left"| s'''p'''y
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiceless glottal fricative.ogg|h}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big>
| '''h'''ingga
| align="left"| '''r'''aja, da'''r'''i, pasa'''r'''
| '''h'''int (Inggris)
|align="left"| trilled 'r' <ref>In traditional Malay areas, the [[rhotic consonant]] {{IPA|/r/}} is realized as a velar or uvular fricative, {{IPAblink|ɣ}} or {{IPAblink|ʁ}}, and elided word-finally. Elsewhere, including in Standard Indonesian, it is an alveolar tap {{IPAblink|ɾ}} or trill {{IPAblink|r}}. Its position relative to schwa is ambiguous: ''kertas'' "paper" may be pronounced {{IPA|[krəˈtas]}} or {{IPA|[kərəˈtas]}}.</ref>
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|bilabial nasal.ogg|m}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
| align="left"| '''s'''aya
| '''m'''arah
|align="left"| '''s'''ix
| '''m'''oon (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|alveolar nasal.ogg|n}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
| ta'''n'''duk
| align="left"| '''sy'''ak <ref name=loan/>
|align="left"| '''sh'''oe
| '''n'''ame (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Palatal nasal.ogg|ɲ}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>
| ta'''ny'''a
| align="left"| '''t'''ari <ref name=stop/>
|align="left"| s'''t'''y
| ca'''ny'''on (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|velar nasal.ogg|ŋ}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|tʃ}}</big>
| align="left"| '''c'''ari
| ha'''ng'''at
|align="left"| '''ch'''eck
| si'''ng''' (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg|l}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big>
| '''l'''ama
| align="left"| '''v'''isa <ref name=loan/>
|align="left"| '''v'''ision
| '''l'''ip (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|alveolar trill.ogg|r}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>
| align="left"| '''w'''aktu, Ja'''w'''a
| '''r'''asa
|align="left"| '''w'''e
| pe'''rr'''o (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|palatal approximant.ogg|j}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big>
| '''y'''ang
| align="left"| '''kh'''as <ref name=loan/>
|'''y'''east (Inggris)
|align="left"|
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
| align="left"| '''z'''aman <ref name=loan/>
|align="left"| '''z'''ero
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʔ}}</big>
| align="left"| bapa'''k''' <ref name=stop/> <ref name=glottal>The glottal stop {{IPAblink|ʔ}} is an allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/ɡ/}} in the coda: ''baik'', ''bapak''. It is also used between identical vowels in [[Hiatus (linguistics)|hiatus]]. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. ''bakso'' (meatballs). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as ''Al Qur'an''.</ref>
|align="left"|
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg|w}}
| ta'''w'''a
| '''wh'''at (Inggris)
|}
|}
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="5"|
! colspan="3"| [[Vowel]] <ref>The [[nasal consonant]] {{IPA|/m, n, ŋ, ɲ/}} [[nasal vowel|nasalize]] following vowels, and may nasalize a subsequent vowel if the intervening consonant is {{IPA|/h, j, w, ʔ/}}.</ref>

=== Vokal ===
|-
|-
! IPA !! Contoh !! pengucapan dekat bahasa Inggris
! IPA !! Contoh !! Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa lain
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Open central unrounded vowel.ogg|ä}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big>
| align="left"| k'''a'''rung
| align="left"| '''a'''j'''a'''r, buk'''a'''<ref name="final a">In Malaysian, word-final {{IPA|/a/}} is often reduced to {{IPAblink|ə}}.</ref>
|align="left"| f'''a'''ther
|align="left"| v'''á''' (Portugis)
|-
|-
|align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg|e}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>
| align="left"| s'''e'''rong, kar'''e''' <ref name=diphthong/>
| align="left"| s'''e'''dang
|align="left"| b'''e'''d (Inggris dialek [[Australia]])
|align="left"| cl'''ay'''<ref>The Malay/Indonesian {{IPA|/e/}} doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of ''clay'' (for most English dialects) and the vowel of ''get''. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.</ref>
|-
|-
|align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg|ɛ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big>
| align="left"| t'''e'''h, b'''e'''b'''e'''k
| align="left"| t'''e'''h, b'''e'''b'''e'''k <ref name=lax>{{IPA|/e, i, o, u/}} have [[tenseness|lax]] [[allophone]]s {{IPA|[ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ]}} in [[closed syllable]]s, except that tense {{IPA|[i, u]}} occur in stressed syllables with a coda nasal, and laax {{IPA|[ɛ, ɔ]}} also occur in open syllables if the following syllable contains the same lax vowel.</ref>
|align="left"| f'''e'''stival
|align="left"| l'''e'''ngth (Inggris)
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Close front unrounded vowel.ogg|i}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
| align="left"| b'''i'''la, '''i'''n'''i'''
| align="left"| b'''i'''la, '''i'''n'''i'''
|align="left"| s'''ee'''
|align="left"| med'''i'''ocre
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg|ɪ}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɪ}}</big>
| align="left"| kir'''i'''m <ref name=lax/>
| align="left"| kir'''i'''m
|align="left"| b'''i'''n
|align="left"| rabb'''i'''t
|-
|-
| align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg|o}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>
| align="left"| r'''o'''da, t'''o'''k'''o''' <ref name=diphthong/>
| align="left"| r'''o'''da, t'''o'''k'''o'''
|align="left"| s'''o'''le
|align="left"| s'''o'''l ([[Bahasa Latin Klasik|Latin Klasik]])
|-
|-
|align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg|ɔ}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big>
| align="left"| p'''o'''h'''o'''n <ref name=lax/>
| align="left"| p'''o'''h'''o'''n
|align="left"| s'''o'''rt
|align="left"| n'''o'''t (Inggris dialek Australia)
|-
|-
|align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Close back rounded vowel.ogg|u}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>
| align="left"| '''u'''pah, bar'''u'''
| align="left"| '''u'''pah, bar'''u'''
|align="left"| m'''oo'''n
|align="left"| f'''oo'''t (Inggris)
|-
|-
|align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg|ʊ}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʊ}}</big>
| align="left"| rump'''u'''t <ref name=lax/>
| align="left"| rump'''u'''t
|align="left"| f'''oo'''t
|align="left"| f'''oo'''t
|-
|-
|align="center"|{{bunyiIPA|Mid central vowel.ogg|ə}}
|<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big>
| align="left"| g'''e'''lak <ref name="final a"/>
| align="left"| m'''e'''nang
|align="left"| '''a'''bout
|align="left"| tak'''e'''n
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="5"|

=== Diftong ===
|-
|-
! IPA !! Contoh !! Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa Inggris
! colspan=3 | [[Diphthong]]
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|au}}</big>
|{{IPA|au}}, {{IPA|aʊ}}
| align="left"| kal'''au''' <ref name=diphthong/>
| align="left"| kal'''au'''
|align="left"| h'''ow'''
|align="left"| h'''ow'''
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ai}}</big>
|{{IPA|ai}}, {{IPA|aɪ}}
| align="left"| cap'''ai'''
| align="left"| cap'''ai''' <ref name=diphthong>{{IPA|[e, o]}} are [[allophone]]s of {{IPA|/i, u/}} in native words, but have become established as distinct phonemes in English and Javanese loan words. The diphthongs {{IPA|/ai, au/}}, which only occur in open syllables, are often merged into {{IPA|[e, o]}}, respectively, especially in [[Java]].</ref>
|align="left"| b'''ye'''
|align="left"| b'''ye'''
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|oi, ui}}</big>
|{{IPA|ei}}, {{IPA|eɪ}}
| align="left"| murb'''ei'''
|align="left"| surv'''ey'''
|-
|{{IPA|eo}}, {{IPA|eo}}
| align="left"| m'''eo'''ng
|align="left"| '''geo'''logy
|-
|{{IPA|oi}}, {{IPA|oɪ}}
| align="left"| sep'''oi'''
| align="left"| sep'''oi'''
|align="left"| b'''oy''' (uncommon)
|align="left"| b'''oy'''
|-
|{{IPA|ui}}, {{IPA|uɪ}}
| align="left"| fengs'''ui'''
|align="left"| r'''ui'''n ([[Bahasa Inggris Britania|Inggris dialek Britania]])
|}
|}
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="5"|


=== Simbol lain ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Other symbols
|-
|-
! IPA !! Explanation
! IPA !! Penjelasan
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ˈ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ˈ}}</big>
| Simbol yang menandakan stres/aksen primer pada kata. Simbol ini ditempatkan sebelum adanya suku kata yang akan ditekankan
| Primary stress<br />Placed before the stressed syllable <ref>Stress generally falls on the [[penult]]imate syllable. If that syllable contains a schwa {{IPAblink|ə}}, stress shifts to the [[antepenult]] if there is one, and to the final syllable if there is not. Some suffixes are ignored for stress placement.</ref>
|}
|}
|}


== Catatan ==
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Fonologi bahasa Melayu]]
{{reflist}}
{{Navbox Gabungan Pedoman WBI}}
[[Kategori:Bantuan Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|Melayu]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}}

Revisi terkini sejak 28 Juni 2024 04.18

Untuk Halaman bantuan pengucapan huruf IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet), lihat Bantuan:Pengucapan.
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Bantuan pengucapan dengan IPA

Tabel di bawah ini menunjukan nilai serta pengucapan suara dalam bahasa Melayu (termasuk bahasa Indonesia) dengan transkripsi simbol fonetik, yang akan digunakan pada artikel-artikel Wikipedia.

Konsonan

[sunting | sunting sumber]
IPA Huruf Arab Kemiripan bunyi
dalam bahasa lain
pⓘ punya spin (Inggris)
bⓘ barang beef (Inggris)
tⓘ tempat stub (inggris)
dⓘ dengan dust (Inggris)
t͡ʃⓘ cepat chin (Inggris)
d͡ʒⓘ jalan jaw (Inggris)
kⓘ kamu skin (Inggris)
gⓘ pagi good (Inggris)
fⓘ firasat fun (Inggris)
vⓘ visa vent (Inggris)
sⓘ sangat sun (Inggris)
zⓘ zaman zero (Inggris)
ʃⓘ syarat shame (Inggris)
xⓘ akhir loch (Inggris dialek Skotlandia)
hⓘ hingga hint (Inggris)
mⓘ marah moon (Inggris)
nⓘ tanduk name (Inggris)
ɲⓘ tanya canyon (Inggris)
ŋⓘ hangat sing (Inggris)
lⓘ lama lip (Inggris)
rⓘ rasa perro (Inggris)
jⓘ yang yeast (Inggris)
wⓘ tawa what (Inggris)

Vokal

[sunting | sunting sumber]
IPA Contoh Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa lain
äⓘ karung vá (Portugis)
eⓘ sedang bed (Inggris dialek Australia)
ɛⓘ teh, bebek length (Inggris)
iⓘ bila, ini mediocre
ɪⓘ kirim rabbit
oⓘ roda, toko sol (Latin Klasik)
ɔⓘ pohon not (Inggris dialek Australia)
uⓘ upah, baru foot (Inggris)
ʊⓘ rumput foot
əⓘ menang taken

Diftong

[sunting | sunting sumber]
IPA Contoh Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa Inggris
au, aʊ kalau how
ai, aɪ capai bye
ei, eɪ murbei survey
eo, eo meong geology
oi, oɪ sepoi boy
ui, uɪ fengsui ruin (Inggris dialek Britania)

Simbol lain

[sunting | sunting sumber]
IPA Penjelasan
ˈ Simbol yang menandakan stres/aksen primer pada kata. Simbol ini ditempatkan sebelum adanya suku kata yang akan ditekankan

Lihat pula

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Melayu&oldid=25962223"