Paus bungkuk: Perbedaan antara revisi

Paus bungkuk; Rentang waktu: 7.2–0 jtyl PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Akhir miosen – sekarang
	Perbandingan ukuran dengan manusia
Status konservasi
	; Risiko Rendah (IUCN 3.1)
	CITES Apendiks I (CITES)
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Mammalia
Ordo:	Artiodactyla
Infraordo:	Cetacea
Parvordo:	Mysticeti
Superfamili:	Balaenopteroidea
Famili:	Balaenopteridae
Genus:	Megaptera; Gray, 1846
Spesies:	Megaptera novaeangliae; Borowski, 1781
Subspesies
	M. n. australis; M. n. kuzira; M. n. novaeangliae;
	Peta persebaran (warna gelap)
Sinonim
	Balaena gibbosa Erxleben, 1777; B. boops Fabricius, 1780; B. nodosa Bonnaterre, 1789; B. longimana Rudolphi, 1832; Megaptera longimana Gray, 1846; Kyphobalaena longimana Van Beneden, 1861; Megaptera versabilis Cope, 1869;

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Singing humpbacks

Rekaman suara

Bermasalah memainkan berkas ini? Lihat bantuan media.

Rekaman video

Paus bungkuk (Megaptera novaeangliae) adalah salah satu spesies paus balin rorkual terbesar, panjang paus bungkuk dewasa sebesar 12–16 meter dan memiliki berat 36.000 kilogram. Paus bungkuk memiliki bentuk tubuh yang istimewa, dengan sirip dada panjang dan kepala menonjol. Hewan ini adalah hewan akrobatik, sering muncul di permukaan air. Jantan mengeluarkan lagu yang terdengar selama 10 sampai 20 menit dan diulang untuk beberapa jam pada satu waktu. Peran lagu ini belum diketahui, walaupun sepertinya memiliki peran dalam berpasangan.

Kebiasaan

Paus bungkuk menangkap mangsanya dengan balin, caranya dengan membuka mulutnya lebar-lebar, lalu paus bungkuk akan meneguk airnya.^[4] Lantas, apabila ia mendapatkan mangsanya, air yang telah ia teguk dimuntahkan.^[4] Kadang-kadang, hewan ini melompat-lompat dan menebas air dengan ekornya.^[4]

Catatan kaki

^ "Fossilworks: Megaptera". Fossilworks. Diakses tanggal 17 December 2021.
^ Cooke, J.G. (2018). "Megaptera novaeangliae": e.T13006A50362794. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T13006A50362794.en.
^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Diakses tanggal 2022-01-14.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ensiklopedia Hewan: hal.9

Referensi

Buku

N., Tuhu. "Seri Mengenal Hewan Laut 1". Ensiklopedia Seri Mengenal Hewan Laut 1. Semarang: Aneka Ilmu. ISBN 978-979-736-815-9
Clapham, Phil. (1996). Humpback Whales. ISBN 0-948661-87-9
Clapham, Phil. Humpback Whale. pp 589–592 in the Encyclopeadia of Marine Mammals. ISBN 0-12-551340-2
Reeves, Stewart, Clapham and Powell. Date? National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World. ISBN 0-375-41141-0
Dawbin, W. H. The seasonal migratory cycle of humpback whales. In K.S. Norris (ed), Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises. University of California Press.

Jurnal

Best, P. B. (1993) Increase rates in severely depleted stocks of baleen whales. ICES Journal of Marine Science 50:169–186.
Smith, T.D.; J. Allen, P.J. Clapham, P.S. Hammond, S. Katona, F. Larsen, J. Lien, D. Mattila, P.J. Palsboll, J. Sigurjonsson, P.T. Stevick & N. Oien. (1999) An ocean-basin-wide mark-recapture study of the North Atlantic humpback whale. Marine Mammal Science 15: 1–32.

Pranala luar

(Inggris) ARKive - images and movies of the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Diarsipkan 2006-04-26 di Wayback Machine..
(Inggris) Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS)
(Inggris) Photos and information about humpback whales and other cetaceans in Mayumba National Park Diarsipkan 2015-04-24 di Wayback Machine.
(Inggris) Humpbacks of Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia
(Inggris) The Dolphin Institute Whale Resource Guide Diarsipkan 2006-02-27 di Wayback Machine. and scientific publications Diarsipkan 2006-02-28 di Wayback Machine.
(Inggris) Humpback Whale Gallery (Silverbanks) Diarsipkan 2007-09-27 di Wayback Machine.
(Inggris) Book about the two humpback whales lost in the Sacramento River in May 2007 -
(Inggris) A detailed analysis of the form and function of the humpback whale song, dari University at Buffalo
(Inggris) The Whalesong Project
(Inggris) Article from PHYSORG.com on the complex syntax of whalesong phrases
(Inggris) Estimating the humpback population in the Pacific, dari National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(Inggris) Estimating the humpback population in the Atlantic, dari Universitas Dalhousie
(Inggris) Recovery plan in Australia: 2005–2010
(Inggris) Humpback Whales in the Sacramento River Diarsipkan 2011-02-11 di Wayback Machine. dari NOAA

Artikel bertopik hewan ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[fossil-1] "Fossilworks: Megaptera". Fossilworks. Diakses tanggal 17 December 2021.

[iucn-2] Cooke, J.G. (2018). "Megaptera novaeangliae": e.T13006A50362794. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T13006A50362794.en.

[CITES-3] "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Diakses tanggal 2022-01-14.

[Hewan-4] Ensiklopedia Hewan: hal.9

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
 {{Taxobox
-| color = pink
+| Name = Paus bungkuk
+| fossil_range = {{fossil range|7.2|0|ref={{r|fossil}}}} Akhir [[miosen]] – sekarang
-| name = Paus Bungkuk
 | status = LC
-| status_system = iucn2.3
+| status_system = IUCN3.1
+| status_ref = {{R|iucn}}
-| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{IUCN2006|assessors=Cetacean Specialist Group|year=1996|id=13006|title=Megaptera novaeangliae|downloaded=[[11 Mei]] [[2006]]}} Entri gudang data IUCN menerangkan mengapa spesies ini diberikan status Rentan.</ref><ref name="bbcnews">IUCN telah menurunkan status konservasinya dari Rentan ke Risiko Rendah. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7553805.stm]</ref>
+ | status2 = CITES_A1
-| image = Humpback_Whale_underwater_shot.jpg
+ | status2_system = CITES
-| image_width = 240px
+ | status2_ref = {{r|CITES}}
-| image_caption = Paus Bungkuk.
+| image = Humpback stellwagen edit.jpg
+| image_caption =
 | image2 = Humpback_whale_size.svg
-| image2_width = 240px
 | image2_caption = Perbandingan ukuran dengan manusia
-| regnum = [[Hewan|Animalia]]
+| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
-| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
+| regnum = [[Animalia]]
-| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
+| phylum = [[Chordata]]
-| subclassis = [[Eutheria]]
+| classis = [[Mammalia]]
-| ordo = [[Cetacea]]
+| ordo = [[Artiodactyla]]
-| subordo = [[Mysticeti]]
+| infraordo = [[Cetacea]]
-| familia = [[Balaenopteridae]]
+| parvordo = [[Paus balin|Mysticeti]]
+| superfamilia = [[Rorkual|Balaenopteroidea]]
+| familia = [[Rorkual|Balaenopteridae]]
+| subfamilia =
 | genus = '''''Megaptera'''''
+| species = '''''Megaptera novaeangliae'''''
 | genus_authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1846
+| species_authority = [[Georg Heinrich Borowski|Borowski]], 1781
-| species = '''''M. novaeangliae'''''
+| type_genus =
-| binomial = ''Megaptera novaeangliae''
+| type_genus_authority =
-| binomial_authority = [[Georg Borowski|Borowski]], 1781
-| range_map = Cetacea range map Humpback Whale.png
+| range_map = Cypron-Range Megaptera novaeangliae.svg
+| range_map_caption = Peta persebaran (warna gelap)
-| range_map_width = 250px
+| subdivision_ranks = Subspesies
-| range_map_caption = Wilayah paus bungkuk
+| subdivision = * ''M. n. australis''
-}}'''Paus Bungkuk''' (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') adalah [[paus balin]], salah satu spesies [[rorqual]] terbesar, panjang paus bungkuk dewasa sebesar 12-16 [[meter]] dan memiliki berat 36.000 [[kilogram]]. Paus Bungkuk memiliki bentuk tubuh yang istimewa, dengan sirip dada panjang dan kepala menonjol. Hewan ini adalah hewan akrobatik, sering muncul di permukaan air. Jantan mengeluarkan lagu yang terdengar selama 10 sampai 20 menit dan diulang untuk beberapa jam pada satu waktu. Peran lagu ini belum diketahui, walaupun sepertinya memiliki peran dalam berpasangan.
+* ''M. n. kuzira''
+* ''M. n. novaeangliae''
+| synonyms = * ''Balaena gibbosa'' <small>Erxleben, 1777</small>
+* ''B. boops'' <small>Fabricius, 1780</small>
+* ''B. nodosa'' <small>Bonnaterre, 1789</small>
+* ''B. longimana'' <small>Rudolphi, 1832</small>
+* ''Megaptera longimana'' <small>Gray, 1846</small>
+* ''Kyphobalaena longimana'' <small>Van Beneden, 1861</small>
+* ''Megaptera versabilis'' <small>Cope, 1869</small>
+}}
+{{Listen|filename=Humpback-Whale-Song-on-the-Southern-Ocean-Feeding-Grounds-Implications-for-Cultural-Transmission-pone.0079422.s003.oga|title=Singing humpbacks|description=Rekaman suara}}
+[[File:Aerial view of three humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) near Cape Solander, New South Wales, Australia.webm|thumb|Rekaman video]]
+'''Paus bungkuk''' (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') adalah salah satu spesies [[paus balin]] [[rorkual]] terbesar, panjang paus bungkuk dewasa sebesar 12–16 [[meter]] dan memiliki berat 36.000 [[kilogram]]. Paus bungkuk memiliki bentuk tubuh yang istimewa, dengan sirip dada panjang dan kepala menonjol. Hewan ini adalah hewan akrobatik, sering muncul di permukaan air. Jantan mengeluarkan lagu yang terdengar selama 10 sampai 20 menit dan diulang untuk beberapa jam pada satu waktu. Peran lagu ini belum diketahui, walaupun sepertinya memiliki peran dalam berpasangan.
+== Kebiasaan ==
+Paus bungkuk menangkap mangsanya dengan [[balin]], caranya dengan membuka mulutnya lebar-lebar, lalu paus bungkuk akan meneguk [[air]]nya.<ref name="Hewan"/> Lantas, apabila ia mendapatkan [[udang rebon|mangsanya]], air yang telah ia teguk dimuntahkan.<ref name="Hewan">Ensiklopedia Hewan: hal.9</ref> Kadang-kadang, hewan ini melompat-lompat dan menebas air dengan [[ekor]]nya.<ref name="Hewan"/>
 == Catatan kaki ==
+{{Reflist|30em|refs=
-{{reflist}}
+<ref name=fossil>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=36760 |title=Fossilworks: Megaptera |website=[[Fossilworks]] |access-date=17 December 2021 }}</ref>
+<ref name=iucn>{{Cite iucn | author = Cooke, J.G. | title = ''Megaptera novaeangliae'' | year = 2018 | page = e.T13006A50362794 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T13006A50362794.en | access-date = 18 January 2020}}</ref>
+<ref name=CITES>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
+}}
 == Referensi ==
 === Buku ===
 <div class="references-small">
+* {{cite encyclopedia | last = N. | first = Tuhu | authorlink = Tuhu N.  |year= |title =Seri Mengenal Hewan Laut 1 |encyclopedia=Ensiklopedia Seri Mengenal Hewan Laut 1 |publisher=Aneka Ilmu |location=Semarang |}}ISBN 978-979-736-815-9
 * Clapham, Phil. (1996). ''Humpback Whales''. ISBN 0-948661-87-9
 * Clapham, Phil. ''Humpback Whale''. pp 589–592 in the ''Encyclopeadia of Marine Mammals''. ISBN 0-12-551340-2
@@ Baris 43: / Baris 75: @@
 <div class="references-small">
 * Best, P. B. (1993) Increase rates in severely depleted stocks of baleen whales. ''ICES Journal of Marine Science'' '''50''':169–186.
 * Smith, T.D.; J. Allen, P.J. Clapham, P.S. Hammond, S. Katona, F. Larsen, J. Lien, D. Mattila, P.J. Palsboll, J. Sigurjonsson, P.T. Stevick & N. Oien. (1999) An ocean-basin-wide mark-recapture study of the North Atlantic humpback whale. ''Marine Mammal Science'' '''15''': 1–32.
 </div>
@@ Baris 50: / Baris 82: @@
 {{Wikispecies|Megaptera novaeangliae}}
-* {{en}} ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Megaptera_novaeangliae/ images and movies of the humpback whale ''(Megaptera novaeangliae)''].
+* {{en}} ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Megaptera_novaeangliae/ images and movies of the humpback whale ''(Megaptera novaeangliae)''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426134105/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Megaptera_novaeangliae/ |date=2006-04-26 }}.
 * {{en}} [http://www.wdcs.org Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS)]
-* {{en}} [http://www.mayumbanationalpark.com/cetaceans.htm Photos and information about humpback whales and other cetaceans in Mayumba National Park]
+* {{en}} [http://www.mayumbanationalpark.com/cetaceans.htm Photos and information about humpback whales and other cetaceans in Mayumba National Park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424024522/http://mayumbanationalpark.com/cetaceans.htm |date=2015-04-24 }}
 * {{en}} [http://www.oceania.org.au/whales/whales.html Humpbacks of Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia]
-* {{en}} [http://www.dolphin-institute.org/resource_guide/gettingtoknowhumpbackwhales.htm The Dolphin Institute Whale Resource Guide] and [http://www.dolphin-institute.org/our_research/whale_research/whaleresearchpublications.htm scientific publications]
+* {{en}} [http://www.dolphin-institute.org/resource_guide/gettingtoknowhumpbackwhales.htm The Dolphin Institute Whale Resource Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060227185525/http://www.dolphin-institute.org/resource_guide/gettingtoknowhumpbackwhales.htm |date=2006-02-27 }} and [http://www.dolphin-institute.org/our_research/whale_research/whaleresearchpublications.htm scientific publications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228132749/http://www.dolphin-institute.org/our_research/whale_research/whaleresearchpublications.htm |date=2006-02-28 }}
-* {{en}} [http://www.ecoresearch.net/modules.php?set_albumName=Marine-Life&op=modload&file=index&name=gallery&include=view_album.php&page=1 Humpback Whale Gallery (Silverbanks)]
+* {{en}} [http://www.ecoresearch.net/modules.php?set_albumName=Marine-Life&op=modload&file=index&name=gallery&include=view_album.php&page=1 Humpback Whale Gallery (Silverbanks)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927092123/http://www.ecoresearch.net/modules.php?set_albumName=Marine-Life&op=modload&file=index&name=gallery&include=view_album.php&page=1 |date=2007-09-27 }}
 * {{en}} [http://www.bigtomatopress.com/ Book about the two humpback whales lost in the Sacramento River in May 2007] -
-* {{en}} [http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~emiii/mercado_et_al_03.pdf A detailed analysis of the form and function of the humpback whale song], dari [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|University at Buffalo]]
+* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20041220223722/http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~emiii/mercado_et_al_03.pdf A detailed analysis of the form and function of the humpback whale song], dari [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|University at Buffalo]]
 * {{en}} [http://whalesong.net The Whalesong Project]
 * {{en}} [http://www.physorg.com/news11980.html Article from PHYSORG.com on the complex syntax of whalesong phrases]
-* {{en}} [http://hawaiihumpbackwhale.noaa.gov/research/HIHWNMS_Research_Mobley.pdf Estimating the humpback population in the Pacific], dari [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
+* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040731193357/http://hawaiihumpbackwhale.noaa.gov/research/HIHWNMS_Research_Mobley.pdf Estimating the humpback population in the Pacific], dari [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
-* {{en}} [http://www.dal.ca/~whitelab/rwb/COSEWIChumpback2003.pdf Estimating the humpback population in the Atlantic], dari [[Universitas Dalhousie]]
+* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040720000947/http://www.dal.ca/~whitelab/rwb/COSEWIChumpback2003.pdf Estimating the humpback population in the Atlantic], dari [[Universitas Dalhousie]]
 * {{en}} [http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/m-novaeangliae/index.html Recovery plan in Australia: 2005–2010]
-* {{en}} [http://www.incidentnews.gov/attachments/7639/517872/Sacramento_Humpback_Whales-051807-1355.pdf Humpback Whales in the Sacramento River] dari [[NOAA]]
+* {{en}} [http://www.incidentnews.gov/attachments/7639/517872/Sacramento_Humpback_Whales-051807-1355.pdf Humpback Whales in the Sacramento River] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211095322/http://incidentnews.gov/attachments/7639/517872/Sacramento_Humpback_Whales-051807-1355.pdf |date=2011-02-11 }} dari [[NOAA]]
-{{Baleen whale}}
+{{Cetacea}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q132905}}
-{{hewan-stub}}
 [[Kategori:Megafauna]]
+[[Kategori:Megaptera]]
 [[Kategori:Fauna Greenland]]
 [[Kategori:Paus Balin]]
+[[Kategori:Satwa liar dilindungi di Indonesia]]
-{{Link FA|en}}
-{{Link FA|es}}
-{{Link FA|fr}}
-{{Link FA|he}}
-{{Link FA|no}}
-{{Link FA|pt}}
-{{Link FA|ru}}
-{{Link FA|sv}}
+{{hewan-stub}}
-[[af:Bultrugwalvis]]
-[[ar:حوت سنامي]]
-[[be:Гарбаты кіт]]
-[[be-x-old:Гарбаты кіт]]
-[[br:Balum askellek]]
-[[ca:Iubarta]]
-[[cs:Keporkak]]
-[[da:Pukkelhval]]
-[[de:Buckelwal]]
-[[en:Humpback whale]]
-[[eo:Ĝiba baleno]]
-[[es:Megaptera novaeangliae]]
-[[et:Küürvaal]]
-[[eu:Xibarta]]
-[[fa:نهنگ گوژپشت]]
-[[fi:Ryhävalas]]
-[[fr:Baleine à bosse]]
-[[ga:Míol mór dronnach]]
-[[gl:Xibardo]]
-[[he:לווייתן גדול סנפיר]]
-[[hr:Grbavi kit]]
-[[hu:Hosszúszárnyú bálna]]
-[[is:Hnúfubakur]]
-[[it:Megaptera novaeangliae]]
-[[ja:ザトウクジラ]]
-[[kl:Qipoqqaq]]
-[[ko:흑고래]]
-[[lt:Kuprotasis banginis]]
-[[lv:Kuprvalis]]
-[[mk:Грбав кит]]
-[[mn:Бөгтөр халим]]
-[[nl:Bultrug]]
-[[no:Knølhval]]
-[[nv:Łóóʼtsoh bighą́ą́ʼ yílkʼidígíí]]
-[[pl:Humbak]]
-[[pt:Baleia-jubarte]]
-[[ro:Balenă cu cocoașă]]
-[[ru:Горбатый кит]]
-[[simple:Humpback whale]]
-[[sk:Vráskavec dlhoplutvý]]
-[[sv:Knölval]]
-[[th:วาฬหลังค่อม]]
-[[tr:Kambur balina]]
-[[uk:Горбатий кит]]
-[[wuu:座头鲸]]
-[[zh:座头鲸]]
-[[zh-min-nan:Toā-si̍t-keng]]
-[[zh-yue:座頭鯨]]