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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| color = pink
| Name = Paus bungkuk
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|7.2|0|ref={{r|fossil}}}} Akhir [[miosen]] – sekarang
| name = Paus Bungkuk
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{IUCN2008
| status_ref = {{R|iucn}}
| status2 = CITES_A1
|assessors=Reilly, S.B., Bannister, J.L., Best, P.B., Brown, M., Brownell Jr., R.L., Butterworth, D.S., Clapham, P.J., Cooke, J., Donovan, G.P., Urbán, J. & Zerbini, A.N.
| status2_system = CITES
|year=2008
| status2_ref = {{r|CITES}}
|id=13006
| image = Humpback stellwagen edit.jpg
|title=Megaptera novaeangliae
| image_caption =
|downloaded=7 October 2008}}</ref>
| image = Humpback_Whale_underwater_shot.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Paus Bungkuk.
| image2 = Humpback_whale_size.svg
| image2 = Humpback_whale_size.svg
| image2_width = 240px
| image2_caption = Perbandingan ukuran dengan manusia
| image2_caption = Perbandingan ukuran dengan manusia
| regnum = [[Hewan|Animalia]]
| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| subclassis = [[Eutheria]]
| classis = [[Mammalia]]
| ordo = [[Cetacea]]
| ordo = [[Artiodactyla]]
| subordo = [[Mysticeti]]
| infraordo = [[Cetacea]]
| familia = [[Balaenopteridae]]
| parvordo = [[Paus balin|Mysticeti]]
| superfamilia = [[Rorkual|Balaenopteroidea]]
| familia = [[Rorkual|Balaenopteridae]]
| subfamilia =
| genus = '''''Megaptera'''''
| genus = '''''Megaptera'''''
| species = '''''Megaptera novaeangliae'''''
| genus_authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1846
| genus_authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1846
| species_authority = [[Georg Heinrich Borowski|Borowski]], 1781
| species = '''''M. novaeangliae'''''
| type_genus =
| binomial = ''Megaptera novaeangliae''
| type_genus_authority =
| binomial_authority = [[Georg Borowski|Borowski]], 1781
| range_map = Cetacea range map Humpback Whale.png
| range_map = Cypron-Range Megaptera novaeangliae.svg
| range_map_caption = Peta persebaran (warna gelap)
| range_map_width = 250px
| subdivision_ranks = Subspesies
| range_map_caption = Wilayah paus bungkuk
| subdivision = * ''M. n. australis''
}}'''Paus Bungkuk''' (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') adalah [[paus balin]], salah satu spesies [[rorqual]] terbesar, panjang paus bungkuk dewasa sebesar 12-16 [[meter]] dan memiliki berat 36.000 [[kilogram]]. Paus Bungkuk memiliki bentuk tubuh yang istimewa, dengan sirip dada panjang dan kepala menonjol. Hewan ini adalah hewan akrobatik, sering muncul di permukaan air. Jantan mengeluarkan lagu yang terdengar selama 10 sampai 20 menit dan diulang untuk beberapa jam pada satu waktu. Peran lagu ini belum diketahui, walaupun sepertinya memiliki peran dalam berpasangan.
* ''M. n. kuzira''
* ''M. n. novaeangliae''
| synonyms = * ''Balaena gibbosa'' <small>Erxleben, 1777</small>
* ''B. boops'' <small>Fabricius, 1780</small>
* ''B. nodosa'' <small>Bonnaterre, 1789</small>
* ''B. longimana'' <small>Rudolphi, 1832</small>
* ''Megaptera longimana'' <small>Gray, 1846</small>
* ''Kyphobalaena longimana'' <small>Van Beneden, 1861</small>
* ''Megaptera versabilis'' <small>Cope, 1869</small>
}}


{{Listen|filename=Humpback-Whale-Song-on-the-Southern-Ocean-Feeding-Grounds-Implications-for-Cultural-Transmission-pone.0079422.s003.oga|title=Singing humpbacks|description=Rekaman suara}}
== Sejarah hidup ==


[[File:Aerial view of three humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) near Cape Solander, New South Wales, Australia.webm|thumb|Rekaman video]]

'''Paus bungkuk''' (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') adalah salah satu spesies [[paus balin]] [[rorkual]] terbesar, panjang paus bungkuk dewasa sebesar 12–16 [[meter]] dan memiliki berat 36.000 [[kilogram]]. Paus bungkuk memiliki bentuk tubuh yang istimewa, dengan sirip dada panjang dan kepala menonjol. Hewan ini adalah hewan akrobatik, sering muncul di permukaan air. Jantan mengeluarkan lagu yang terdengar selama 10 sampai 20 menit dan diulang untuk beberapa jam pada satu waktu. Peran lagu ini belum diketahui, walaupun sepertinya memiliki peran dalam berpasangan.

== Kebiasaan ==
Paus bungkuk menangkap mangsanya dengan [[balin]], caranya dengan membuka mulutnya lebar-lebar, lalu paus bungkuk akan meneguk [[air]]nya.<ref name="Hewan"/> Lantas, apabila ia mendapatkan [[udang rebon|mangsanya]], air yang telah ia teguk dimuntahkan.<ref name="Hewan">Ensiklopedia Hewan: hal.9</ref> Kadang-kadang, hewan ini melompat-lompat dan menebas air dengan [[ekor]]nya.<ref name="Hewan"/>


== Catatan kaki ==
== Catatan kaki ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
{{reflist}}
<ref name=fossil>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=36760 |title=Fossilworks: Megaptera |website=[[Fossilworks]] |access-date=17 December 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name=iucn>{{Cite iucn | author = Cooke, J.G. | title = ''Megaptera novaeangliae'' | year = 2018 | page = e.T13006A50362794 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T13006A50362794.en | access-date = 18 January 2020}}</ref>

<ref name=CITES>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>

}}


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
=== Buku ===
=== Buku ===
<div class="references-small">
<div class="references-small">
*{{cite encyclopedia | last = N. | first = Tuhu | authorlink = Tuhu N. |year= |title =Seri Mengenal Hewan Laut 1 |encyclopedia=Ensiklopedia Seri Mengenal Hewan Laut 1 |publisher=Aneka Ilmu |location=Semarang |isbn=978-979-736-815-9 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | last = N. | first = Tuhu | authorlink = Tuhu N. |year= |title =Seri Mengenal Hewan Laut 1 |encyclopedia=Ensiklopedia Seri Mengenal Hewan Laut 1 |publisher=Aneka Ilmu |location=Semarang |}}ISBN 978-979-736-815-9
* Clapham, Phil. (1996). ''Humpback Whales''. ISBN 0-948661-87-9
* Clapham, Phil. (1996). ''Humpback Whales''. ISBN 0-948661-87-9
* Clapham, Phil. ''Humpback Whale''. pp 589–592 in the ''Encyclopeadia of Marine Mammals''. ISBN 0-12-551340-2
* Clapham, Phil. ''Humpback Whale''. pp 589–592 in the ''Encyclopeadia of Marine Mammals''. ISBN 0-12-551340-2
Baris 52: Baris 75:
<div class="references-small">
<div class="references-small">
* Best, P. B. (1993) Increase rates in severely depleted stocks of baleen whales. ''ICES Journal of Marine Science'' '''50''':169–186.
* Best, P. B. (1993) Increase rates in severely depleted stocks of baleen whales. ''ICES Journal of Marine Science'' '''50''':169–186.
* Smith, T.D.; J. Allen, P.J. Clapham, P.S. Hammond, S. Katona, F. Larsen, J. Lien, D. Mattila, P.J. Palsboll, J. Sigurjonsson, P.T. Stevick & N. Oien. (1999) An ocean-basin-wide mark-recapture study of the North Atlantic humpback whale. ''Marine Mammal Science'' '''15''': 1–32.
* Smith, T.D.; J. Allen, P.J. Clapham, P.S. Hammond, S. Katona, F. Larsen, J. Lien, D. Mattila, P.J. Palsboll, J. Sigurjonsson, P.T. Stevick & N. Oien. (1999) An ocean-basin-wide mark-recapture study of the North Atlantic humpback whale. ''Marine Mammal Science'' '''15''': 1–32.
</div>
</div>


Baris 59: Baris 82:
{{Wikispecies|Megaptera novaeangliae}}
{{Wikispecies|Megaptera novaeangliae}}


* {{en}} ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Megaptera_novaeangliae/ images and movies of the humpback whale ''(Megaptera novaeangliae)''].
* {{en}} ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Megaptera_novaeangliae/ images and movies of the humpback whale ''(Megaptera novaeangliae)''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426134105/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Megaptera_novaeangliae/ |date=2006-04-26 }}.
* {{en}} [http://www.wdcs.org Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS)]
* {{en}} [http://www.wdcs.org Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS)]
* {{en}} [http://www.mayumbanationalpark.com/cetaceans.htm Photos and information about humpback whales and other cetaceans in Mayumba National Park]
* {{en}} [http://www.mayumbanationalpark.com/cetaceans.htm Photos and information about humpback whales and other cetaceans in Mayumba National Park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424024522/http://mayumbanationalpark.com/cetaceans.htm |date=2015-04-24 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.oceania.org.au/whales/whales.html Humpbacks of Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia]
* {{en}} [http://www.oceania.org.au/whales/whales.html Humpbacks of Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia]
* {{en}} [http://www.dolphin-institute.org/resource_guide/gettingtoknowhumpbackwhales.htm The Dolphin Institute Whale Resource Guide] and [http://www.dolphin-institute.org/our_research/whale_research/whaleresearchpublications.htm scientific publications]
* {{en}} [http://www.dolphin-institute.org/resource_guide/gettingtoknowhumpbackwhales.htm The Dolphin Institute Whale Resource Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060227185525/http://www.dolphin-institute.org/resource_guide/gettingtoknowhumpbackwhales.htm |date=2006-02-27 }} and [http://www.dolphin-institute.org/our_research/whale_research/whaleresearchpublications.htm scientific publications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228132749/http://www.dolphin-institute.org/our_research/whale_research/whaleresearchpublications.htm |date=2006-02-28 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.ecoresearch.net/modules.php?set_albumName=Marine-Life&op=modload&file=index&name=gallery&include=view_album.php&page=1 Humpback Whale Gallery (Silverbanks)]
* {{en}} [http://www.ecoresearch.net/modules.php?set_albumName=Marine-Life&op=modload&file=index&name=gallery&include=view_album.php&page=1 Humpback Whale Gallery (Silverbanks)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927092123/http://www.ecoresearch.net/modules.php?set_albumName=Marine-Life&op=modload&file=index&name=gallery&include=view_album.php&page=1 |date=2007-09-27 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.bigtomatopress.com/ Book about the two humpback whales lost in the Sacramento River in May 2007] -
* {{en}} [http://www.bigtomatopress.com/ Book about the two humpback whales lost in the Sacramento River in May 2007] -
* {{en}} [http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~emiii/mercado_et_al_03.pdf A detailed analysis of the form and function of the humpback whale song], dari [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|University at Buffalo]]
* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20041220223722/http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~emiii/mercado_et_al_03.pdf A detailed analysis of the form and function of the humpback whale song], dari [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|University at Buffalo]]
* {{en}} [http://whalesong.net The Whalesong Project]
* {{en}} [http://whalesong.net The Whalesong Project]
* {{en}} [http://www.physorg.com/news11980.html Article from PHYSORG.com on the complex syntax of whalesong phrases]
* {{en}} [http://www.physorg.com/news11980.html Article from PHYSORG.com on the complex syntax of whalesong phrases]
* {{en}} [http://hawaiihumpbackwhale.noaa.gov/research/HIHWNMS_Research_Mobley.pdf Estimating the humpback population in the Pacific], dari [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040731193357/http://hawaiihumpbackwhale.noaa.gov/research/HIHWNMS_Research_Mobley.pdf Estimating the humpback population in the Pacific], dari [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
* {{en}} [http://www.dal.ca/~whitelab/rwb/COSEWIChumpback2003.pdf Estimating the humpback population in the Atlantic], dari [[Universitas Dalhousie]]
* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040720000947/http://www.dal.ca/~whitelab/rwb/COSEWIChumpback2003.pdf Estimating the humpback population in the Atlantic], dari [[Universitas Dalhousie]]
* {{en}} [http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/m-novaeangliae/index.html Recovery plan in Australia: 2005–2010]
* {{en}} [http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/m-novaeangliae/index.html Recovery plan in Australia: 2005–2010]
* {{en}} [http://www.incidentnews.gov/attachments/7639/517872/Sacramento_Humpback_Whales-051807-1355.pdf Humpback Whales in the Sacramento River] dari [[NOAA]]
* {{en}} [http://www.incidentnews.gov/attachments/7639/517872/Sacramento_Humpback_Whales-051807-1355.pdf Humpback Whales in the Sacramento River] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211095322/http://incidentnews.gov/attachments/7639/517872/Sacramento_Humpback_Whales-051807-1355.pdf |date=2011-02-11 }} dari [[NOAA]]


{{Baleen whale}}
{{Cetacea}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q132905}}

{{hewan-stub}}


[[Kategori:Megafauna]]
[[Kategori:Megafauna]]
[[Kategori:Megaptera]]
[[Kategori:Fauna Greenland]]
[[Kategori:Fauna Greenland]]
[[Kategori:Paus Balin]]
[[Kategori:Paus Balin]]
[[Kategori:Satwa liar dilindungi di Indonesia]]


{{Link FA|en}}


{{Link FA|fr}}
{{hewan-stub}}
{{Link FA|he}}
{{Link FA|no}}
{{Link FA|pt}}
{{Link FA|ru}}
{{Link FA|sv}}
{{Link GA|de}}
{{Link GA|no}}

[[af:Bultrugwalvis]]
[[ar:حوت سنامي]]
[[be:Гарбаты кіт]]
[[be-x-old:Гарбаты кіт]]
[[br:Balum askellek]]
[[ca:Iubarta]]
[[cs:Keporkak]]
[[da:Pukkelhval]]
[[de:Buckelwal]]
[[en:Humpback whale]]
[[eo:Ĝiba baleno]]
[[es:Megaptera novaeangliae]]
[[et:Küürvaal]]
[[eu:Xibarta]]
[[fa:نهنگ گوژپشت]]
[[fi:Ryhävalas]]
[[fr:Baleine à bosse]]
[[ga:Míol mór dronnach]]
[[gl:Xibardo]]
[[he:לווייתן גדול סנפיר]]
[[hr:Grbavi kit]]
[[hu:Hosszúszárnyú bálna]]
[[is:Hnúfubakur]]
[[it:Megaptera novaeangliae]]
[[ja:ザトウクジラ]]
[[kl:Qipoqqaq]]
[[ko:흑고래]]
[[lt:Kuprotasis banginis]]
[[lv:Kuprvalis]]
[[mk:Грбав кит]]
[[mn:Бөгтөр халим]]
[[nl:Bultrug]]
[[nn:Knølkval]]
[[no:Knølhval]]
[[nv:Łóóʼtsoh bighą́ą́ʼ yílkʼidígíí]]
[[pl:Długopłetwiec]]
[[pt:Baleia-jubarte]]
[[ro:Balenă cu cocoașă]]
[[ru:Горбатый кит]]
[[simple:Humpback whale]]
[[sk:Vráskavec dlhoplutvý]]
[[sr:Грбави кит]]
[[sv:Knölval]]
[[th:วาฬหลังค่อม]]
[[tr:Kambur balina]]
[[uk:Горбатий кит]]
[[wuu:座头鲸]]
[[zh:座头鲸]]
[[zh-min-nan:Toā-si̍t-keng]]
[[zh-yue:座頭鯨]]

Revisi terkini sejak 6 Juli 2024 14.13

Paus bungkuk
Rentang waktu: 7.2–0 jtyl[1]
Akhir miosen – sekarang
Perbandingan ukuran dengan manusia
CITES Apendiks I (CITES)[3]
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kerajaan:
Animalia
Filum:
Chordata
Kelas:
Mammalia
Ordo:
Artiodactyla
Infraordo:
Cetacea
Parvordo:
Mysticeti
Superfamili:
Balaenopteroidea
Famili:
Balaenopteridae
Genus:
Megaptera

Gray, 1846
Spesies:
Megaptera novaeangliae

Borowski, 1781
Subspesies
  • M. n. australis
  • M. n. kuzira
  • M. n. novaeangliae
Peta persebaran (warna gelap)
Sinonim
  • Balaena gibbosa Erxleben, 1777
  • B. boops Fabricius, 1780
  • B. nodosa Bonnaterre, 1789
  • B. longimana Rudolphi, 1832
  • Megaptera longimana Gray, 1846
  • Kyphobalaena longimana Van Beneden, 1861
  • Megaptera versabilis Cope, 1869
Singing humpbacks
Rekaman suara
Bermasalah memainkan berkas ini? Lihat bantuan media.
Rekaman video

Paus bungkuk (Megaptera novaeangliae) adalah salah satu spesies paus balin rorkual terbesar, panjang paus bungkuk dewasa sebesar 12–16 meter dan memiliki berat 36.000 kilogram. Paus bungkuk memiliki bentuk tubuh yang istimewa, dengan sirip dada panjang dan kepala menonjol. Hewan ini adalah hewan akrobatik, sering muncul di permukaan air. Jantan mengeluarkan lagu yang terdengar selama 10 sampai 20 menit dan diulang untuk beberapa jam pada satu waktu. Peran lagu ini belum diketahui, walaupun sepertinya memiliki peran dalam berpasangan.

Kebiasaan

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Paus bungkuk menangkap mangsanya dengan balin, caranya dengan membuka mulutnya lebar-lebar, lalu paus bungkuk akan meneguk airnya.[4] Lantas, apabila ia mendapatkan mangsanya, air yang telah ia teguk dimuntahkan.[4] Kadang-kadang, hewan ini melompat-lompat dan menebas air dengan ekornya.[4]

Catatan kaki

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ "Fossilworks: Megaptera". Fossilworks. Diakses tanggal 17 December 2021. 
  2. ^ Cooke, J.G. (2018). "Megaptera novaeangliae": e.T13006A50362794. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T13006A50362794.en. 
  3. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Diakses tanggal 2022-01-14. 
  4. ^ a b c Ensiklopedia Hewan: hal.9

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Buku

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  • N., Tuhu. "Seri Mengenal Hewan Laut 1". Ensiklopedia Seri Mengenal Hewan Laut 1. Semarang: Aneka Ilmu. ISBN 978-979-736-815-9
  • Clapham, Phil. (1996). Humpback Whales. ISBN 0-948661-87-9
  • Clapham, Phil. Humpback Whale. pp 589–592 in the Encyclopeadia of Marine Mammals. ISBN 0-12-551340-2
  • Reeves, Stewart, Clapham and Powell. Date? National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World. ISBN 0-375-41141-0
  • Dawbin, W. H. The seasonal migratory cycle of humpback whales. In K.S. Norris (ed), Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises. University of California Press.

Jurnal

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  • Best, P. B. (1993) Increase rates in severely depleted stocks of baleen whales. ICES Journal of Marine Science 50:169–186.
  • Smith, T.D.; J. Allen, P.J. Clapham, P.S. Hammond, S. Katona, F. Larsen, J. Lien, D. Mattila, P.J. Palsboll, J. Sigurjonsson, P.T. Stevick & N. Oien. (1999) An ocean-basin-wide mark-recapture study of the North Atlantic humpback whale. Marine Mammal Science 15: 1–32.

Pranala luar

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Megaptera novaeangliae.
Wikispecies mempunyai informasi mengenai Megaptera novaeangliae.


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