Penduduk asli Siberia: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:Siberia_Federal_Subjects.png|ka|jmpl|260x260px|[[Siberia]] dalam [[Rusia|Federasi Rusia]]: Geografis Siberia Rusia dalam warna merah terang, |
[[Berkas:Siberia_Federal_Subjects.png|ka|jmpl|260x260px|[[Siberia]] dalam [[Rusia|Federasi Rusia]]: Geografis Siberia Rusia dalam warna merah terang, [[Distrik Federal Siberia]] politis dalam warna merah gelap.]] |
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Jika termasuk daerah |
Jika termasuk daerah [[Timur Jauh Rusia]] pula, jumlah penduduk [[Siberia]] hanya lebih dari 40 juta orang. |
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Sebagai akibat |
Sebagai akibat [[Penaklukan Rusia di Siberia]] pada abad ke-17 hingga abad ke-19 dan perpindahan penduduk berikutnya selama [[Sejarah Uni Soviet|era Soviet]], demografi dari Siberia saat ini didominasi oleh penutur asli [[Bahasa Rusia]]. Masih ada sejumlah besar kelompok-kelompok [[pribumi]] asli yang masih tersisa. Mereka terhitung sekitar kurang dari 10% dari total penduduk Siberia. |
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== Gambaran sekilas == |
== Gambaran sekilas == |
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[[Berkas:Nenets_Child.jpg|jmpl|Anak |
[[Berkas:Nenets_Child.jpg|jmpl|Anak Nenets.]] |
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[[Berkas:Newlyweds_Meet_the_Sun.jpg|jmpl|Lukisan pasangan [[Suku Chukchi|Chukchi]]]] |
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Klasifikasi penduduk yang beragam berdasarkan bahasanya, termasuk penutur rumpun bahasa berikut (jumlah penutur mencerminkan |
Klasifikasi penduduk yang beragam berdasarkan bahasanya, termasuk penutur [[rumpun bahasa]] berikut (jumlah penutur mencerminkan Sensus Rusia 2002): |
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* [[Rumpun bahasa Ural|Ural]] |
* [[Rumpun bahasa Ural|Ural]] |
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** Permik |
** Permik (sekitar 1 juta penutur) |
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** Samoyedik |
** Samoyedik (sekitar 70.000 penutur) |
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** Ugrik |
** Ugrik (sekitar 15.000 penutur) |
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* Yukaghir (hampir punah) |
* Yukaghir (hampir punah) |
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* [[Rumpun bahasa Turkik|Turkik]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-1.xls|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609204012/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-1.xls|archive-date=June 9, 2011|dead-url=yes|access-date=September 16, 2010}}</ref><ref>http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-4.xls Russian Federation 2002 census; Knowledge of Languages (except Russian)</ref> |
* [[Rumpun bahasa Turkik|Turkik]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-1.xls|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609204012/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-1.xls|archive-date=June 9, 2011|dead-url=yes|access-date=September 16, 2010}}</ref><ref>http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-4.xls {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609203844/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-4.xls |date=2011-06-09 }} Russian Federation 2002 census; Knowledge of Languages (except Russian)</ref> |
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** [[Yakut]] |
** [[Yakut]] (456,288 penutur) |
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** Dolgan |
** Dolgan (populasi: 7,261; penutur: 4,865) |
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** Tuvan |
** Tuvan (populasi: 243,442; penutur: 242,754) |
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** Tofa (populasi: 837; penutur: 378) |
** Tofa (populasi: 837; penutur: 378) |
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** Khaka |
** Khaka (populasi: 75,622; penutur: 52,217) |
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** Shor |
** Shor (populasi: 13,975; penutur: 6,210) |
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** Siberia Tatar (populasi: 6,779) |
** Siberia Tatar (populasi: 6,779) |
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** Chuyim |
** Chuyim (populasi: 656; penutur: 270) |
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** [[Bahasa Altay|Altay]] (sekitar 70.000 penutur) |
** [[Bahasa Altay|Altay]] (sekitar 70.000 penutur) |
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* [[Bahasa Mongolik|Mongolik]] |
* [[Bahasa Mongolik|Mongolik]] (sekitar 400,000 penutur) |
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* [[Rumpun bahasa Tungus|Tungus]] |
* [[Rumpun bahasa Tungus|Tungus]] (sekitar 80,000 penutur) |
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* Yenisei |
* Yenisei |
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** [[Suku Ket|Ket]] (populasi: 1600; sekitar 210 penutur) |
** [[Suku Ket|Ket]] (populasi: 1600; sekitar 210 penutur) |
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| Baris 32: | Baris 32: | ||
# [[Rumpun bahasa Ural|Ural]] |
# [[Rumpun bahasa Ural|Ural]] |
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# [[Bahasa Altai|Altai]] |
# [[Bahasa Altai|Altai]] |
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# Yenisei, |
# Yenisei, cabang dari bahasa Dené–Yenisei |
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# [[Rumpun bahasa Paleosiberia|Paleosiberia]] |
# [[Rumpun bahasa Paleosiberia|Paleosiberia]] ("lain") |
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[[Bahasa Altai|Altai]] belum terbukti sebagai rumpun bahasa, unit filogenetik. Mungkin bahasa Altai adalah sebuah |
[[Bahasa Altai|Altai]] belum terbukti sebagai rumpun bahasa, unit filogenetik. Mungkin bahasa Altai adalah sebuah Sprachbund. [[Rumpun bahasa Paleosiberia|Paleosiberia]] hanyalah sebuah istilah geografis sebagai kenyamanan semata. |
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== Lihat juga == |
== Lihat juga == |
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| Baris 52: | Baris 52: | ||
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzhq85nPrdsC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990|last=Forsyth|first=James|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1994|isbn=0521477719|edition=illustrated, reprint, revised|volume=|ref=harv|access-date=24 April 2014}} |
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzhq85nPrdsC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990|last=Forsyth|first=James|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1994|isbn=0521477719|edition=illustrated, reprint, revised|volume=|ref=harv|access-date=24 April 2014}} |
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* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ezDG4aTNIeoC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Inside the Ropes: Sportswriters Get Their Game On|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|year=2008|isbn=0803219075|editor-last=Jack|editor-first=Zachary Michael|edition=|volume=|ref=harv|access-date=24 April 2014}} |
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ezDG4aTNIeoC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Inside the Ropes: Sportswriters Get Their Game On|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|year=2008|isbn=0803219075|editor-last=Jack|editor-first=Zachary Michael|edition=|volume=|ref=harv|access-date=24 April 2014}} |
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* {{Cite journal|last=KANG|first=HYEOKHWEON|date=|editor-last=Shiau|editor-first=Jeffrey|title=Big Heads and Buddhist Demons:The Korean Military Revolution and Northern Expeditions of 1654 and 1658|url=http://history.emory.edu/home/assets/documents/endeavors/volume4/Kang.pdf|journal=Emory Endeavors in World History|edition=2013|publisher=|volume=4: Transnational Encounters in Asia|issue=|pages=1–22|doi=|archive-url=http://history.emory.edu/home/assets/documents/endeavors/volume4/ |
* {{Cite journal|last=KANG|first=HYEOKHWEON|date=|editor-last=Shiau|editor-first=Jeffrey|title=Big Heads and Buddhist Demons:The Korean Military Revolution and Northern Expeditions of 1654 and 1658|url=http://history.emory.edu/home/assets/documents/endeavors/volume4/Kang.pdf|journal=Emory Endeavors in World History|edition=2013|publisher=|volume=4: Transnational Encounters in Asia|issue=|pages=1–22|doi=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115010819/http://history.emory.edu/home/assets/documents/endeavors/volume4/Kang.pdf|archive-date=2014-01-15|access-date=10 March 2014|dead-url=yes}} |
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* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VzYBAwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Genocide in the Age of the Nation State: Volume 2: The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide|last=Levene|first=Mark|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2005|isbn=0857712896|edition=|volume=|ref=harv|access-date=24 April 2014}} |
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VzYBAwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Genocide in the Age of the Nation State: Volume 2: The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide|last=Levene|first=Mark|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2005|isbn=0857712896|edition=|volume=|ref=harv|access-date=24 April 2014}} |
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* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qEAjAQAAIAAJ|title=Siberia: worlds Apart|last=Mote|first=Victor L.|publisher=Westview Press|year=1998|isbn=0813312981|edition=illustrated|series=Westview series on the post-Soviet republics|volume=|ref=harv|access-date=24 April 2014}} |
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qEAjAQAAIAAJ|title=Siberia: worlds Apart|last=Mote|first=Victor L.|publisher=Westview Press|year=1998|isbn=0813312981|edition=illustrated|series=Westview series on the post-Soviet republics|volume=|ref=harv|access-date=24 April 2014}} |
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* {{Cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/14482632/Siberian_frontier_the_territory_of_fear|title=Siberian frontier: the territory of fear|last=Pesterev|first=V.|publisher=Royal Geographical Society (with IBG), London|year=2015|edition=|volume=|ref=harv}} |
* {{Cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/14482632/Siberian_frontier_the_territory_of_fear|title=Siberian frontier: the territory of fear|last=Pesterev|first=V.|publisher=Royal Geographical Society (with IBG), London|year=2015|edition=|volume=|ref=harv}} |
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* {{Citation|title=Reindeer herders take on Russian oil-giant as tribal rights in Siberia weakened|date=13 May 2014|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/10227|ref={{SfnRef|Survival International|2014}}|work=Survival International |
* {{Citation|title=Reindeer herders take on Russian oil-giant as tribal rights in Siberia weakened|date=13 May 2014|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/10227|ref={{SfnRef|Survival International|2014}}|work=Survival International|accessdate=1 September 2014}} |
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* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jce4rBWjG5wC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Russian Far East: A History|last=Stephan|first=John J.|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1996|isbn=0804727015|edition=illustrated, reprint|volume=|ref=harv|access-date=24 April 2014}} |
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jce4rBWjG5wC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Russian Far East: A History|last=Stephan|first=John J.|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1996|isbn=0804727015|edition=illustrated, reprint|volume=|ref=harv|access-date=24 April 2014}} |
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* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZZLAQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Russia's Frozen Frontier: A History of Siberia and the Russian Far East 1581 - 1991|last=Wood|first=Alan|date=15 April 2011|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=034097124X|edition=illustrated|pages=272|ref={{SfnRef|Wood|2011}}|access-date=24 April 2014}} |
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZZLAQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Russia's Frozen Frontier: A History of Siberia and the Russian Far East 1581 - 1991|last=Wood|first=Alan|date=15 April 2011|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=034097124X|edition=illustrated|pages=272|ref={{SfnRef|Wood|2011}}|access-date=24 April 2014}} |
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[[Kategori:Asia Utara]] |
[[Kategori:Asia Utara]] |
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[[Kategori:Siberia]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 1 April 2023 11.19
Jika termasuk daerah Timur Jauh Rusia pula, jumlah penduduk Siberia hanya lebih dari 40 juta orang. Sebagai akibat Penaklukan Rusia di Siberia pada abad ke-17 hingga abad ke-19 dan perpindahan penduduk berikutnya selama era Soviet, demografi dari Siberia saat ini didominasi oleh penutur asli Bahasa Rusia. Masih ada sejumlah besar kelompok-kelompok pribumi asli yang masih tersisa. Mereka terhitung sekitar kurang dari 10% dari total penduduk Siberia.
Gambaran sekilas
[sunting | sunting sumber]
Klasifikasi penduduk yang beragam berdasarkan bahasanya, termasuk penutur rumpun bahasa berikut (jumlah penutur mencerminkan Sensus Rusia 2002):
- Ural
- Permik (sekitar 1 juta penutur)
- Samoyedik (sekitar 70.000 penutur)
- Ugrik (sekitar 15.000 penutur)
- Yukaghir (hampir punah)
- Turkik[1][2]
- Yakut (456,288 penutur)
- Dolgan (populasi: 7,261; penutur: 4,865)
- Tuvan (populasi: 243,442; penutur: 242,754)
- Tofa (populasi: 837; penutur: 378)
- Khaka (populasi: 75,622; penutur: 52,217)
- Shor (populasi: 13,975; penutur: 6,210)
- Siberia Tatar (populasi: 6,779)
- Chuyim (populasi: 656; penutur: 270)
- Altay (sekitar 70.000 penutur)
- Mongolik (sekitar 400,000 penutur)
- Tungus (sekitar 80,000 penutur)
- Yenisei
- Ket (populasi: 1600; sekitar 210 penutur)
- Chukotko-Kamchatkan (sekitar 25.000 penutur)
- Nivkh (sekitar 5.000 penutur)
- Eskimo–Aleut (sekitar 2.000 speaker)
Penduduk asli dari Siberia yang tertera di atas dapat dimasukkan ke dalam empat kelompok,
- Ural
- Altai
- Yenisei, cabang dari bahasa Dené–Yenisei
- Paleosiberia ("lain")
Altai belum terbukti sebagai rumpun bahasa, unit filogenetik. Mungkin bahasa Altai adalah sebuah Sprachbund. Paleosiberia hanyalah sebuah istilah geografis sebagai kenyamanan semata.
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kutipan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Archived copy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 9, 2011. Diakses tanggal September 16, 2010.
- ^ http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-4.xls Diarsipkan 2011-06-09 di Wayback Machine. Russian Federation 2002 census; Knowledge of Languages (except Russian)
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Batalden, Stephen K. (1997). The Newly Independent States of Eurasia: Handbook of Former Soviet Republics. Contributor Sandra L. Batalden (edisi ke-revised). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0897749405. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
- Bisher, Jamie (16 January 2006). White Terror: Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian. Routledge. hlm. 492. ISBN 1135765952. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
- Bobrick, Benson (December 15, 2002). "How the East Was Won". THE NEW YORK TIMES. Diakses tanggal 24 May 2014.
- Black, Jeremy (2008). War and the World: Military Power and the Fate of Continents, 1450-2000. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300147694. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
- Etkind, Alexander (2013). Internal Colonization: Russia's Imperial Experience. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0745673546. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
- Forsyth, James (1994). A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990 (edisi ke-illustrated, reprint, revised). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521477719. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
- Jack, Zachary Michael, ed. (2008). Inside the Ropes: Sportswriters Get Their Game On. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0803219075. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
- KANG, HYEOKHWEON. Shiau, Jeffrey, ed. "Big Heads and Buddhist Demons:The Korean Military Revolution and Northern Expeditions of 1654 and 1658" (PDF). Emory Endeavors in World History (edisi ke-2013). 4: Transnational Encounters in Asia: 1–22. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-01-15. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
- Levene, Mark (2005). Genocide in the Age of the Nation State: Volume 2: The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 0857712896. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
- Mote, Victor L. (1998). Siberia: worlds Apart. Westview series on the post-Soviet republics (edisi ke-illustrated). Westview Press. ISBN 0813312981. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
- Pesterev, V. (2015). Siberian frontier: the territory of fear. Royal Geographical Society (with IBG), London.
- "Reindeer herders take on Russian oil-giant as tribal rights in Siberia weakened", Survival International, 13 May 2014, diakses tanggal 1 September 2014
- Stephan, John J. (1996). The Russian Far East: A History (edisi ke-illustrated, reprint). Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804727015. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
- Wood, Alan (15 April 2011). Russia's Frozen Frontier: A History of Siberia and the Russian Far East 1581 - 1991 (edisi ke-illustrated). A&C Black. hlm. 272. ISBN 034097124X. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
- Condé Nast's Traveler, Volume 36. Condé Nast Publications. 2001. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
- Yearbook. Contributor International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. 1992. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
- Wood, Alan (15 April 2011). Russia's Frozen Frontier: A History of Siberia and the Russian Far East 1581 - 1991. A&C Black. hlm. 89–90. Diakses tanggal 1 September 2014.