Genosida penduduk asli: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

Sebaris

Revisi terkini sejak 10 Maret 2024 01.35

Genosida penduduk asli adalah penghancuran massal seluruh masyarakat penduduk asli. Penduduk asli diartikan sebagai orang-orang yang dulunya dan saat ini memiliki sebuah wilayah yang kemudian diduduki oleh ekspansi kolonial, atau pendudukan sebuah negara oleh sebuah kelompok dominan seperti kekuasaan kolonial.^[1]

Referensi

^ Maybury-Lewis 2002, hlm. 45.

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[FOOTNOTEMaybury-Lewis200245-1] Maybury-Lewis 2002, hlm. 45.

[1]

@@ Baris 10: / Baris 10: @@
 *{{cite book|last=Altshuler|first=Alex|title=Encyclopedia of Disaster Relief|year=2011|publisher=SAGE|isbn=978-1412971010|editor=K. Bradley Penuel, Matt Statler}}
 *{{cite book|last=Arens|first=Jenneke|title=Genocide of indigenous Peoples|chapter=Genocide in the Chittagong Hills Tracts, Bangladesh|year=2010|publisher=Transaction|isbn=978-1412814959|editor=Samuel Totten, Robert K. Hitchcock|pages=[https://archive.org/details/genocidecritical0000unse/page/117 117–142]|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/genocidecritical0000unse/page/117}}
-*{{cite book|last=Attar|first=Samar |author-link=Samar al-'Aṭṭār |title=Debunking the Myths of Colonization: The Arabs and Europe|year=2010|publisher=University Press Of America|isbn=978-0761850380}}
+*{{cite book|last=Attar|first=Samar |author-link=Samar al-'Aṭṭār |title=Debunking the Myths of Colonization: The Arabs and Europe|url=https://archive.org/details/debunkingmythsof0000atta|year=2010|publisher=University Press Of America|isbn=978-0761850380}}
-*{{cite book|title=  The Newly Independent States of Eurasia: Handbook of Former Soviet Republics |first= Stephen K.|last=Batalden|author2=Batalden, Sandra L.|edition=revised|year=1997|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WFjPAxhBEaEC|isbn=978-0897749404|access-date=24 April 2014}}
+*{{cite book|title=The Newly Independent States of Eurasia: Handbook of Former Soviet Republics|first=Stephen K.|last=Batalden|author2=Batalden, Sandra L.|edition=revised|year=1997|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WFjPAxhBEaEC|isbn=978-0897749404|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173804/https://books.google.com/books?id=WFjPAxhBEaEC|dead-url=no}}
-*{{cite journal|last1=Bischoping|first1=K.|last2=Fingerhut|first2=N|year=1996|title=Border Lines: Indigenous Peoples in Genocide Studies|journal=Canadian Review of Sociology|volume=33|issue=4|pages=481–506|doi=10.1111/j.1755-618x.1996.tb00958.x}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Bischoping|first1=K.|last2=Fingerhut|first2=N|year=1996|title=Border Lines: Indigenous Peoples in Genocide Studies|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-review-of-sociology_1996-11_33_4/page/481|journal=Canadian Review of Sociology|volume=33|issue=4|pages=481–506|doi=10.1111/j.1755-618x.1996.tb00958.x}}
-*{{cite book|title=  White Terror: Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian |first= Jamie |last=Bisher|year=2006|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mg6RAgAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1135765958|access-date=24 April 2014}}
+*{{cite book|title=White Terror: Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian|first=Jamie|last=Bisher|year=2006|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mg6RAgAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1135765958|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173822/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mg6RAgAAQBAJ|dead-url=no}}
-*{{cite book|title=White Terror: Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian  |first= Jamie |last=Bisher|year=2006|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=28iPAgAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1135765965|access-date=24 April 2014}}
+*{{cite book|title=White Terror: Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian|first=Jamie|last=Bisher|year=2006|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=28iPAgAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1135765965|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173823/https://books.google.com/books?id=28iPAgAAQBAJ|dead-url=no}}
-*{{cite book|title= War and the World: Military Power and the Fate of Continents, 1450-2000 |first= Jeremy |last=Black|year=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xpI_YYtvlCAC|isbn=978-0300147698|access-date=24 April 2014}}
+*{{cite book|title=War and the World: Military Power and the Fate of Continents, 1450-2000|first=Jeremy|last=Black|year=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xpI_YYtvlCAC|isbn=978-0300147698|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173824/https://books.google.com/books?id=xpI_YYtvlCAC|dead-url=no}}
-*{{cite news |last= Bobrick |first=Benson |date=15 December 2002 |title= How the East Was Won |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/15/books/how-the-east-was-won.html |newspaper= THE NEW YORK TIMES|access-date= 24 May 2014}}
+*{{cite news |last= Bobrick |first= Benson |date= 15 December 2002 |title= How the East Was Won |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/15/books/how-the-east-was-won.html |newspaper= THE NEW YORK TIMES |access-date= 24 May 2014 |archive-date= 2017-09-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170924141934/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/15/books/how-the-east-was-won.html |dead-url= no }}
 *{{cite news|last=Brown|first=Thomas|title=Did the U.S. Army Distribute Smallpox Blankets to Indians? Fabrication and Falsification in Ward Churchill's Genocide Rhetoric|newspaper=University of Michigan|year=2006|ref={{sfnref|Brown|2006}} |hdl=2027/spo.5240451.0001.009}}
-*{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2933524.stm |title=DR Congo Pygmies appeal to UN |work=BBC News |date=23 May 2003 |access-date=27 August 2013|ref= {{sfnref|BBC News|2003}} }}
+*{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2933524.stm |title=DR Congo Pygmies appeal to UN |work=BBC News |date=23 May 2003 |access-date=27 August 2013 |ref={{sfnref|BBC News|2003}} |archive-date=2018-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709165327/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2933524.stm |dead-url=no }}
 *{{cite book|last=Barkan|first=Elazar|title=The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521527507|pages=[https://archive.org/details/specterofgenocid00robe/page/117 117–140]|chapter=Genocide of indigenous peoples|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/specterofgenocid00robe/page/117}}
 *{{cite book|last=Ball|first=Howard|title=Genocide : a reference handbook|url=https://archive.org/details/genocidereferenc0000ball|url-access=registration|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-488-7|chapter=Early 20th-Century "Genocides"}}
@@ Baris 25: / Baris 25: @@
 *{{cite book|last=Byrd|first=Jodi A.|title=The Transit of Empire: Indigenous Critiques of Colonialism|year=2011|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0816676408}}
 *{{cite book|last=Cave|first=Alfred A.|year=2008|chapter=Genocide in the Americas|title=The Historiography of Genocide|url=https://archive.org/details/historiographyge00ston|url-access=limited|editor=Dan Stone|publisher=Palgrave MAcMillan|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historiographyge00ston/page/n287 273]–296}}
-*{{cite book|last1=Chakma|first1=Kabita|title=Everyday Occupations: Experiencing Militarism in South Asia and the Middle East|chapter=Indigenous Women and Culture in the Colonized Chittagong Hills Tracts of Bangladesh|year=2013|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0812244878|first2=Glen |last2=Hill|editor=Kamala Visweswaran|pages=132–157}}
+*{{cite book|last1=Chakma|first1=Kabita|title=Everyday Occupations: Experiencing Militarism in South Asia and the Middle East|url=https://archive.org/details/everydayoccupati0000unse|chapter=Indigenous Women and Culture in the Colonized Chittagong Hills Tracts of Bangladesh|year=2013|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0812244878|first2=Glen |last2=Hill|editor=Kamala Visweswaran|pages=[https://archive.org/details/everydayoccupati0000unse/page/n143 132]–157}}
 *{{cite book|last=Churchill|first=Ward|title=Encyclopedia of Genocide|year=2000|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0874369281|editor=Israel W. Charny|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofge0000unse}}
-*{{cite book|title= Internal Colonization: Russia's Imperial Experience |first= Alexander|last=Etkind|year=2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lpz5q44VVk0C|isbn=978-0745673547|access-date=24 April 2014}}
+*{{cite book|title=Internal Colonization: Russia's Imperial Experience|first=Alexander|last=Etkind|year=2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lpz5q44VVk0C|isbn=978-0745673547|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173838/https://books.google.com/books?id=lpz5q44VVk0C|dead-url=no}}
-*{{cite book|title=  A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990 |first= James|last=Forsyth|edition=illustrated, reprint, revised|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzhq85nPrdsC|isbn=978-0521477710|access-date=24 April 2014}}
+*{{cite book|title=A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990|first=James|last=Forsyth|edition=illustrated, reprint, revised|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzhq85nPrdsC|isbn=978-0521477710|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173834/https://books.google.com/books?id=nzhq85nPrdsC|dead-url=no}}
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-*{{cite book|last=Franco|first=Jean|title=Cruel Modernity|year=2013|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0822354567}}
+*{{cite book|last=Franco|first=Jean|title=Cruel Modernity|url=https://archive.org/details/cruelmodernity0000fran|year=2013|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0822354567}}
 *{{cite book|last=Gigoux|first=Carlos|title=The Routledge International Handbook of Globalization Studies|year=2011|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0415686082|author2=Samson, Colin|editor=Bryan S. Turner}}
 *{{cite book|last=Gilbert|first=Jérémie|title=Indigenous Peoples' Land Rights Under International Law: From Victims to Actors|year=2006|publisher=Transnational|isbn=978-1571053695}}
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+*{{cite journal|first=Richard A. |last=Gray|year=1994|title=Genocide in the Chittagong Hill tracts of Bangladesh|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_reference-services-review_winter-1994_22_4/page/59 |journal=Reference Services Review|volume=22|issue=4|pages=59–79|doi=10.1108/eb049231}}
 *{{cite book|last=Gump|first=James O.|title=The Dust Rose Like Smoke: The Subjugation of the Zulu and the Sioux|year=1994|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-0803270596|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dustroselikesmok0000gump_x5e4}}
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+*{{cite book|last=Grenke|first=Arthur|title=God, Greed, and Genocide: The Holocaust Through the Centuries|url=https://archive.org/details/godgreedgenocide0000gren|year=2005|publisher=New Academia Publishing|isbn=978-0976704201}}
 *{{cite book|last=[[Isabel V. Hull|Hull]]|first=[[Isabel V. Hull|Isabel V.]]|title=The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/specterofgenocid00robe|url-access=registration|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521527507|editor=Robert Gellately, Ben Kiernan}}
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+*{{cite book|last=Jackson|first=Jean E.|publisher=Report to the AAA Committee for Human Rights|title=The Awá of Southern Colombia: a "Perfect Storm" of Violence|year=2009|url=http://web.mit.edu/anthropology/pdf/articles/jackson/jackson_Awa_CfHR-Report-2009.pdf}}
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 *{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Adam|title=Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction|year=2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0415486187|edition=2nd|chapter= 3. Genocides of Indigenous Peoples}}
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+*{{cite book|last=Jonassohn|first=Kurt|title=Genocide and Gross Human Rights Violations: In Comparative Perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/genocidegrosshum0000jona|year=1998|publisher=Transaction|isbn=978-1560003144|author2=Karin Solveig Björnson}}
 *{{cite journal |last= KANG |first= HYEOKHWEON |editor-last= Shiau |editor-first= Jeffrey |title= Big Heads and Buddhist Demons:The Korean Military Revolution and Northern Expeditions of 1654 and 1658 |url= http://history.emory.edu/home/assets/documents/endeavors/volume4/Kang.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140115010819/http://history.emory.edu/home/assets/documents/endeavors/volume4/Kang.pdf |archive-date= 15 January 2014 |journal= Emory Endeavors in World History |volume= 4: Transnational Encounters in Asia |edition= 2013 |pages= 1–22 |access-date= 10 March 2014 |url-status= dead }}
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 *{{Citation |last=Kiernan |first=Ben |year=2007 |title=Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-10098-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/bloodan_kie_2007_00_0326 }}
-*{{cite book|title=Saintly Brokers: Uyghur Muslims, Trade, and the Making of Qing Central Asia, 1696--1814|first=Kwangmin|last=Kim|others=University of California, Berkeley|year=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC|isbn=978-1109101263|access-date=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
+*{{cite book|title=Saintly Brokers: Uyghur Muslims, Trade, and the Making of Qing Central Asia, 1696--1814|first=Kwangmin|last=Kim|others=University of California, Berkeley|year=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC|isbn=978-1109101263|access-date=10 March 2014|ref={{harvid||}}}}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
-*{{cite book|last=Lemkin|first=Raphael|title=Axis Rule in Occupied Europe|year=2008|publisher=The Lawbook Exchange|isbn=978-1584779018}}
+*{{cite book|last=Lemkin|first=Raphael|title=Axis Rule in Occupied Europe|url=https://archive.org/details/axisruleinoccupi0000lemk|year=2008|publisher=The Lawbook Exchange|isbn=978-1584779018}}
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+*{{cite book|last=Levene|first=Mark|title=Genocide in the Age of the Nation State: Meaning of Genocide v. 1: The Meaning of Genocide|url=https://archive.org/details/meaningofgenocid0000leve|year=2005|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1850437529}}
-*{{cite book|title=  Genocide in the Age of the Nation State: Volume 2: The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide |first= Mark|last=Levene|year=2005|publisher=I.B.Tauris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VzYBAwAAQBAJ|isbn=978-0857712899|access-date=24 April 2014}}
+*{{cite book|title=Genocide in the Age of the Nation State: Volume 2: The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide|first=Mark|last=Levene|year=2005|publisher=I.B.Tauris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VzYBAwAAQBAJ|isbn=978-0857712899|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173825/https://books.google.com/books?id=VzYBAwAAQBAJ|dead-url=no}}
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+*{{cite book|title=Unity and Diversity: Local Cultures and Identities in China|first1=Tao Tao|last1=Liu|first2=David|last2=Faure|year=1996|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FW8SBAAAQBAJ|isbn=978-9622094024|access-date=10 March 2014|ref={{harvid||}}|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173831/https://books.google.com/books?id=FW8SBAAAQBAJ|dead-url=no}}
 *{{cite book|last=Mann|first=Barbara Alice|title=The Tainted Gift: The Disease Method of Frontier Expansion|publisher=ABC Clio|year=2009}}
 *{{cite book|last=Martin|first=Stacie E|chapter=Native Americans|title=Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes against Humanity|editor=Dinah Shelton|publisher=Macmillan Library Reference|year=2004|pages=740–746}}
-*{{cite news|last=Meldrum|first=Andrew|title=German minister says sorry for genocide in Namibia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/aug/16/germany.andrewmeldrum|newspaper=The Guardian|date=16 August 2004|ref= {{sfnRef|Meldrum|2004}}}}
+*{{cite news|last=Meldrum|first=Andrew|title=German minister says sorry for genocide in Namibia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/aug/16/germany.andrewmeldrum|newspaper=The Guardian|date=16 August 2004|ref={{sfnRef|Meldrum|2004}}|access-date=2021-02-16|archive-date=2020-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314132533/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/aug/16/germany.andrewmeldrum|dead-url=no}}
 *{{cite book|last=Mey|first=Wolfgang, ed.|year=1984|title=Genocide in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh|location=Copenhagen|publisher=[[IWGIA|International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs]]}}
 *{{cite journal|last=Milbrandt|first=Jay|title=Tracking Genocide: Persecution of the Karen in Burma |journal=Texas International Law Journal|year=2012|ssrn=2047186}}
 *{{cite book|last=Moshin|first=A.|year=2003|title=The Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: On the Difficult Road to Peace|location=Boulder, Col.|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers}}
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+*{{cite book|title=Siberia: worlds Apart|series=Westview series on the post-Soviet republics|first=Victor L.|last=Mote|edition=illustrated|year=1998|publisher=Westview Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qEAjAQAAIAAJ|isbn=978-0813312989|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173833/https://books.google.com/books?id=qEAjAQAAIAAJ|dead-url=no}}
 *{{cite journal|last=Madley|first=Benjamin|title=Patterns of frontier genocide 1803–1910: the Aboriginal Tasmanians, the Yuki of California, and the Herero of Namibia|journal=Journal of Genocide Research|year=2004|volume=6|issue=2|url=http://www.yale.edu/gsp/colonial/Madley.pdf|doi=10.1080/1462352042000225930|pages=167–192|s2cid=145079658|access-date=21 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626114253/http://www.yale.edu/gsp/colonial/Madley.pdf|archive-date=26 June 2013|url-status=dead}}
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 *{{cite book|last=Maybury-Lewis|first=David|chapter=Genocide against Indigenous peoples|title=Annihilating Difference: The Anthropology of Genocide|year=2002|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0520230293}}
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+*{{cite news|last=MRGI|first=MRGI|title=World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Paraguay : Overview|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/4954ce5423.html|newspaper=Minority Rights Group International|year=2007|access-date=2021-02-16|archive-date=2013-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020121130/http://www.refworld.org/docid/4954ce5423.html|dead-url=no}}
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 *{{cite book|last=O'Brien|first=Sharon|chapter=The Chittagong Hill Tracts|title=Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes against Humanity|editor=Dinah Shelton|publisher=Macmillan Library Reference|year=2004|pages=176–177}}
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+*{{cite journal|last=Premdas|first=Ralph R.|title=The Organisasi Papua Merdeka in Irian Jaya: Continuity and Change in Papua New Guinea's Relations with Indonesia|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_asian-survey_1985-10_25_10/page/1055|journal=Asian Survey|volume=25|issue=10|year=1985|pages=1055–1074|doi=10.1525/as.1985.25.10.01p0314o}}
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 *{{cite book|last=Quigley|first=John B.|title=The Genocide Convention: An International Law Analysis|year=2006|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0754647300}}
 *{{cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Henry|title=Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History|chapter=Genocide in Tasmania?|year=2004|publisher=Berghahn|isbn=978-1571814104|editor=A. Dirk Moses}}
-*{{cite book|last=Roy|first=Rajkumari|year=2000|title=Land Rights of the Indigenous Peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh |location=Copenhagen |publisher=International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs}}
+*{{cite book|last=Roy|first=Rajkumari|year=2000|title=Land Rights of the Indigenous Peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh |url=https://archive.org/details/landrightsofindi0000royr|location=Copenhagen |publisher=International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs}}
-*{{cite book|last=Rogers|first=Benedict|title=A Land without Evil: Stopping the Genocide of Burma's Karen People|publisher=Monarch Books|year=2004}}
+*{{cite book|last=Rogers|first=Benedict|title=A Land without Evil: Stopping the Genocide of Burma's Karen People|url=https://archive.org/details/landwithoutevils0000roge|publisher=Monarch Books|year=2004}}
 *{{cite journal|last=Sautman|first=Barry|title=Cultural genocide and Tibet|journal=Tex. Int'l LJ|volume=38|year=2003|issue=173–240|url=http://www.tilj.org/content/journal/38/num2/Sautman173.pdf|access-date=26 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407073958/http://www.tilj.org/content/journal/38/num2/Sautman173.pdf|archive-date=7 April 2014|url-status=dead}}
 *{{cite book|last=Sanford|first=Victoria|title=The Historiography of Genocide|url=https://archive.org/details/historiographyge00ston|url-access=limited|year=2008|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0230279551|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historiographyge00ston/page/n557 543]–571|editor=Dan Stone|chapter=¡Si hubo genocidio en Guatemala! Yes! There was genocide in Guatemala}}
 *{{cite book|last=Smithers|first=Gregory D.|title=The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies|year=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199677917|editor=Donald Bloxham, A. Dirk Moses}}
-*{{cite book|last=Scherrer|first=Christian P.|title=Ethnicity Nationalism and Violence: Conflict Management, Human Rights and Multilateral Regimes|year=2003|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0754609568}}
+*{{cite book|last=Scherrer|first=Christian P.|title=Ethnicity Nationalism and Violence: Conflict Management, Human Rights and Multilateral Regimes|url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicitynationa0000sche|year=2003|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0754609568}}
 *{{cite book|last=Sarkin-Hughes|first=Jeremy|title=Germany's Genocide of the Herero: Kaiser Wilhelm II, His General, His Settlers, His Soldiers|year=2011|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|isbn=978-1847010322}}
-*{{cite book|last=Schaller|first=Dominik J.|title=Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History|year=2010|publisher=Berghahn|isbn=978-1845457198|editor=A. Dirk Moses|chapter=13}}
+*{{cite book|last=Schaller|first=Dominik J.|title=Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History|url=https://archive.org/details/empirecolonygeno0000adir|year=2010|publisher=Berghahn|isbn=978-1845457198|editor=A. Dirk Moses|chapter=13}}
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+*{{cite book|title=The Russian Far East: A History|first=John J.|last=Stephan|edition=illustrated, reprint|year=1996|publisher=Stanford University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jce4rBWjG5wC|isbn=978-0804727013|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173835/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jce4rBWjG5wC|dead-url=no}}
 * {{cite book|first=David E.|last=Stannard|title=American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World|year=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-508557-0|url=https://archive.org/details/americanholocaus00stan}}
 *{{cite book|last=Tatz|first=Colin|title=The Indigenous Experience: Global Perspectives|year=2006|publisher=Canadian Scholars Press|isbn=978-1551303000|editor=Roger Maaka, Chris Andersen|chapter=8. Confronting Australian Genocide}}
@@ Baris 86: / Baris 86: @@
 *{{cite book|last=Trafzer|first=Clifford E.|title=Exterminate Them: Written Accounts of the Murder, Rape, and Enslavement of Native Americans During the California Goldrush|url=https://archive.org/details/exterminatethemw0000unse|year=1999|publisher=Michigan State University|isbn=978-0870135019|editor=Clifford E. Trafzer, Joel R. Hyer|chapter=Introduction}}
 *{{cite book|last=Totten|first=Samuel|publisher=Greenwood|title=Dictionary of Genocide: A-L|year=2007|isbn=978-0313329678|author2=Bartrop, Paul Robert}}
-*{{cite book|last=Vickers|first=Adrian|title=A History of Modern Indonesia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JegNLNYS09UC|access-date=5 September 2013|year=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-01947-8}}
+*{{cite book|last=Vickers|first=Adrian|title=A History of Modern Indonesia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JegNLNYS09UC|access-date=5 September 2013|year=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-01947-8|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173831/https://books.google.com/books?id=JegNLNYS09UC|dead-url=no}}
 *{{cite book|last=Warren|first=Jonathan W.|title=Racial Revolutions: Antiracism and Indian Resurgence in Brazil|url=https://archive.org/details/racialrevolution0000warr|url-access=registration|year=2001|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0822327417|page=[https://archive.org/details/racialrevolution0000warr/page/84 84]}}
-*{{cite news|last=Watts|first=Jonathan|title=Brazil's 'lost report' into genocide surfaces after 40 years|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/29/brazil-figueiredo-genocide-report|newspaper=The Guardian|date=19 May 2013|author2=Jan Rocha|ref = {{sfnref|Watts|2013}} }}
+*{{cite news|last=Watts|first=Jonathan|title=Brazil's 'lost report' into genocide surfaces after 40 years|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/29/brazil-figueiredo-genocide-report|newspaper=The Guardian|date=19 May 2013|author2=Jan Rocha|ref={{sfnref|Watts|2013}}|access-date=2021-02-16|archive-date=2017-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225064211/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/29/brazil-figueiredo-genocide-report|dead-url=no}}
 *{{cite book|last=Weiser|first=Martin|title=The Herero War – the First Genocide of the 20th Century?|year=2008|publisher=GRIN Verlag|isbn=978-3638946285}}
-*{{cite book|title=Russia's Frozen Frontier: A History of Siberia and the Russian Far East 1581 - 1991  |first= Alan|last=Wood|edition=illustrated|year=2011|publisher=A&C Black|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZZLAQAAQBAJ|isbn=978-0340971246|access-date=24 April 2014}}
+*{{cite book|title=Russia's Frozen Frontier: A History of Siberia and the Russian Far East 1581 - 1991|first=Alan|last=Wood|edition=illustrated|year=2011|publisher=A&C Black|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZZLAQAAQBAJ|isbn=978-0340971246|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173837/https://books.google.com/books?id=VZZLAQAAQBAJ|dead-url=no}}
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-*{{cite book|last=Jensen|first=Marianne|title=Racism Against Indigenous Peoples|year=2001|publisher=International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs|isbn=978-8790730468|editor=Suhas Chakma, Marianne Jensen}}
+*{{cite book|last=Jensen|first=Marianne|title=Racism Against Indigenous Peoples|url=https://archive.org/details/racismagainstind0000unse|year=2001|publisher=International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs|isbn=978-8790730468|editor=Suhas Chakma, Marianne Jensen}}
-*{{cite book|last=Roy|first=Chandra|title=Minorities, Peoples and Self-Determination: Essays in Honour of Patrick Thornberry|year=2005|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff|isbn=978-9004143012|editor=Nazila Ghanea-Hercock, Alexandra Xanthaki, Patrick Thornberry}}
+*{{cite book|last=Roy|first=Chandra|title=Minorities, Peoples and Self-Determination: Essays in Honour of Patrick Thornberry|url=https://archive.org/details/minoritiespeople0000unse|year=2005|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff|isbn=978-9004143012|editor=Nazila Ghanea-Hercock, Alexandra Xanthaki, Patrick Thornberry}}
--->*{{cite book|title=  Condé Nast's Traveler, Volume 36 |year=2001|publisher=Condé Nast Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVosAQAAMAAJ|access-date=24 April 2014}}
+-->*{{cite book|title=Condé Nast's Traveler, Volume 36|year=2001|publisher=Condé Nast Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVosAQAAMAAJ|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173836/https://books.google.com/books?id=qVosAQAAMAAJ|dead-url=no}}
-*{{cite book|title=Yearbook  |year=1992|publisher=International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beJAAQAAIAAJ|access-date=24 April 2014}}
+*{{cite book|title=Yearbook|year=1992|publisher=International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beJAAQAAIAAJ|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2023-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316173837/https://books.google.com/books?id=beJAAQAAIAAJ|dead-url=no}}
 {{refend}}