Kegiatan terlarang Korea Utara: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Politik Korea Utara}} |
{{Politik Korea Utara}} |
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Dugaan '''kegiatan gelap negara Korea Utara''' meliputi [[perdagangn obat-obatan ilegal|pembuatan dan penjualan obat-obatan ilegal]], pembuatan dan penjualan [[barang konsumen palsu]], [[perdagangan manusia]], [[perdagangan hewan liar]], [[pemalsuan uang]] (khususnya [[dolat Amerika Serikat]] dan [[yuan Tiongkok]]), [[terorisme]], dan bidang lainnya.<ref name="Nautilus">{{Cite web |last=Balbina Hwang |date=August 25, 2003 |title=DPRK Briefing Book : Curtailing North Korea's Illicit Activities |url=http://nautilus.org/publications/books/dprkbb/terrorism/dprk-briefing-book-curtailing-north-koreas-illicit-activities/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6SLgVJkRm?url=http://nautilus.org/publications/books/dprkbb/terrorism/dprk-briefing-book-curtailing-north-koreas-illicit-activities/ |archive-date=5 September 2014 |access-date=April 8, 2014 |publisher=Heritage Foundation}}</ref><ref name="NYTpg4">{{Cite news |last=Stephen Mihm |date=July 23, 2006 |title=No Ordinary Counterfeit |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/23/magazine/23counterfeit.html?pagewanted=4&_r=0 |url-status=live |access-date=April 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6SLgbhjs1?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/23/magazine/23counterfeit.html?pagewanted=4&_r=2& |archive-date=5 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ryall |first=Julian |date=2016-07-13 |title=North Korean diplomats linked to lucrative rhino horn trade in Africa |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/13/north-korean-diplomats-linked-to-lucrative-rhino-horn-trade-in-a/ |access-date=2018-03-27 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Kebanyakan kegiatan tersebut diduga dinaungi atas perintah dan berada di bawah kendali [[pemerintahan Korea Utara]] dan [[ |
Dugaan '''kegiatan gelap negara Korea Utara''' meliputi [[perdagangn obat-obatan ilegal|pembuatan dan penjualan obat-obatan ilegal]], pembuatan dan penjualan [[barang konsumen palsu]], [[perdagangan manusia]], [[perdagangan hewan liar]], [[pemalsuan uang]] (khususnya [[dolat Amerika Serikat]] dan [[yuan Tiongkok]]), [[terorisme]], dan bidang lainnya.<ref name="Nautilus">{{Cite web |last=Balbina Hwang |date=August 25, 2003 |title=DPRK Briefing Book : Curtailing North Korea's Illicit Activities |url=http://nautilus.org/publications/books/dprkbb/terrorism/dprk-briefing-book-curtailing-north-koreas-illicit-activities/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6SLgVJkRm?url=http://nautilus.org/publications/books/dprkbb/terrorism/dprk-briefing-book-curtailing-north-koreas-illicit-activities/ |archive-date=5 September 2014 |access-date=April 8, 2014 |publisher=Heritage Foundation}}</ref><ref name="NYTpg4">{{Cite news |last=Stephen Mihm |date=July 23, 2006 |title=No Ordinary Counterfeit |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/23/magazine/23counterfeit.html?pagewanted=4&_r=0 |url-status=live |access-date=April 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6SLgbhjs1?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/23/magazine/23counterfeit.html?pagewanted=4&_r=2& |archive-date=5 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ryall |first=Julian |date=2016-07-13 |title=North Korean diplomats linked to lucrative rhino horn trade in Africa |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/13/north-korean-diplomats-linked-to-lucrative-rhino-horn-trade-in-a/ |access-date=2018-03-27 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Kebanyakan kegiatan tersebut diduga dinaungi atas perintah dan berada di bawah kendali [[pemerintahan Korea Utara]] dan [[Partai Buruh Korea]], dengan mengembangkan [[Korea Utara dan senjata penghancuran massal|produksi nuklir dan senjata-senjata konvensional]], mendanai gaya hidup [[elit]] negara tersebut dan menopang [[ekonomi Korea Utara]].<ref name="kan">{{Cite book |last1=Kan, Paul |title=Criminal Sovereignty: Understanding North Korea's Illicit International Activities |last2=Bechton, Bruce |last3=Collins, Robert |publisher=Strategic Studies Institute |year=2010 |isbn=9781584874324}}{{rp|2}}</ref> |
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==Referensi== |
==Referensi== |
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==Bacaan tambahan== |
==Bacaan tambahan== |
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* {{Cite journal |last=Chestnut |first=Sheena |year=2007 |title=Illicit Activity and Proliferation: North Korean Smuggling Networks |journal=International Security |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=80–111 |doi=10.1162/isec.2007.32.1.80 |issn=0162-2889 |s2cid=57559037}} |
* {{Cite journal |last=Chestnut |first=Sheena |year=2007 |title=Illicit Activity and Proliferation: North Korean Smuggling Networks |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-security_summer-2007_32_1/page/80 |journal=International Security |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=80–111 |doi=10.1162/isec.2007.32.1.80 |issn=0162-2889 |s2cid=57559037}} |
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* {{Cite book |title=International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Drug and Chemical Control |publisher=United States Department of State |year=2017 |volume=1 |location=Washington |page=143 |chapter=Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) |chapter-url=https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/268025.pdf#page=149 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504184552/https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/268025.pdf |archive-date=2017-05-04 |url-status=dead}} |
* {{Cite book |title=International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Drug and Chemical Control |publisher=United States Department of State |year=2017 |volume=1 |location=Washington |page=143 |chapter=Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) |chapter-url=https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/268025.pdf#page=149 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504184552/https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/268025.pdf |archive-date=2017-05-04 |url-status=dead}} |
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Revisi terkini sejak 17 Februari 2022 12.44
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| Artikel ini adalah bagian dari seri Politik dan Ketatanegaraan Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea |
Dugaan kegiatan gelap negara Korea Utara meliputi pembuatan dan penjualan obat-obatan ilegal, pembuatan dan penjualan barang konsumen palsu, perdagangan manusia, perdagangan hewan liar, pemalsuan uang (khususnya dolat Amerika Serikat dan yuan Tiongkok), terorisme, dan bidang lainnya.[1][2][3] Kebanyakan kegiatan tersebut diduga dinaungi atas perintah dan berada di bawah kendali pemerintahan Korea Utara dan Partai Buruh Korea, dengan mengembangkan produksi nuklir dan senjata-senjata konvensional, mendanai gaya hidup elit negara tersebut dan menopang ekonomi Korea Utara.[4]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Balbina Hwang (August 25, 2003). "DPRK Briefing Book : Curtailing North Korea's Illicit Activities". Heritage Foundation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 September 2014. Diakses tanggal April 8, 2014.
- ^ Stephen Mihm (July 23, 2006). "No Ordinary Counterfeit". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 September 2014. Diakses tanggal April 9, 2014.
- ^ Ryall, Julian (2016-07-13). "North Korean diplomats linked to lucrative rhino horn trade in Africa". The Telegraph (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0307-1235. Diakses tanggal 2018-03-27.
- ^ Kan, Paul; Bechton, Bruce; Collins, Robert (2010). Criminal Sovereignty: Understanding North Korea's Illicit International Activities. Strategic Studies Institute. ISBN 9781584874324.
Bacaan tambahan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Chestnut, Sheena (2007). "Illicit Activity and Proliferation: North Korean Smuggling Networks". International Security. 32 (1): 80–111. doi:10.1162/isec.2007.32.1.80. ISSN 0162-2889.
- "Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea)" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Drug and Chemical Control. 1. Washington: United States Department of State. 2017. hlm. 143. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-05-04.