Maximilien de Robespierre: Perbedaan antara revisi

Maximilien de Robespierre
	;
Biografi
Kelahiran	6 Mei 1758 ; Arras
Kematian	28 Juli 1794 (36 tahun); Paris
Penyebab kematian	Pemancungan
Tempat pemakaman	Errancis Cemetery (en) Galat: Kedua parameter tahun harus terisi! ; Catacombs of Paris Galat: Kedua parameter tahun harus terisi!
45 President of the National Convention (en)
	4 Juni 1794 – 19 Juni 1794 ; ← Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois (en) – Élie Lacoste (mul) →
26 President of the National Convention (en)
	22 Agustus 1793 – 5 September 1793 ; ← Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles (en) – Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne →
Member of the French National Assembly (en)
Data pribadi
Agama	Deisme
Pendidikan	Lycée Louis-le-Grand - hukum (1769–1781)
Kegiatan
Pekerjaan	politikus, jurnalis, pengacara, revolusioner
Partai politik	Jakobin
Dipengaruhi oleh	Jean-Jacques Rousseau
5 Mei 1789	Revolusi Prancis
Lain-lain
Ayah	François de Robespierre (en)
Saudara	Augustin Robespierre (mul) dan Charlotte de Robespierre (mul)
Dinyatakan bersalah atas	pembunuhan
	Penghargaan Concours général (en) ;
	Tanda tangan [[Berkas: \|220x250px\|alt=]]

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Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (6 Mei 1758 – 28 Juli 1794) adalah pengacara dan politikus yang menjadi salah satu tokoh paling terkenal dan berpengaruh pada Revolusi Prancis. Ia mengendalikan Komite Keselamatan Publik (bahasa Prancis: Comité de salut public) yang merupakan pemerintah de facto pada masa Pemerintahan Teror yang berakhir dengan penangkapan dan eksekusi Robespierre pada tahun 1794. Ia dipengaruhi oleh para filsuf Abad Pencerahan seperti Jean-Jacques Rousseau dan Montesquieu dan merupakan juru bicara utama kaum borjuis sayap kiri pada saat itu.

Masa Muda

Maximilien de Robespierre dilahirkan di Aras, suatu provinsi Prancis lama di Artois. Keluarganya jika ditelusuri jejaknya pada abad 15 berasal dari Vadricourt, Pas-de-Calais. salah satu leluhurnya Robert de Robespierre bekerja sebagai notaris di Carvin dekat Arras pertengahan abad ke-17.^[1] Kakek dari pihak ayah, juga bernama Maximilien de Robespierre, menempatkan dirinya di Arras sebagai pengacara. Ayahnya, François Maximilien Barthélémy de Robespierre, adalah seorang pengacara di Conseil d'Artois, dan menikah dengan Jacqueline Marguerite Carrault, putri pembuat bir, pada 2 Januari 1758. Maximilien adalah anak tertua dari empat bersaudara dan dikandung di luar nikah. Saudara-saudaranya adalah Charlotte (8 Februari 1760 - 1 Agustus 1834), Henriette (28 Desember 1761 - 5 Maret 1780), dan Augustin (21 Januari 1763 - 28 Juli 1794).

Referensi

^ Lavoine, A. (1914) La famille de Robespierre et ses origines. Documents inédits sur le séjour des Robespierre à Vaudricourt, Béthune, Harnes, Hénin-Liétard, Carvin et Arras. (1452–1790). In: Revue du Nord, tome 5, n°18, May 1914. p. 114. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3406/rnord.1914.1244 www.persee.fr/doc/rnord_0035-2624_1914_num_5_18_1244 ^

Baker, Keith Michael (ed.) (1987). The Old Regime and the French Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226069354. Good summary that relies almost entirely on primary source documents with short summarizing essays that explain those documents
Carlyle, Thomas (2002). The French Revolution: A History, Volume III: The Guillotine. Cambridge, MA: IndyPublish.com. ISBN 1404303987. A Romantic account more useful for historiographical studies than as accurate history
Carr, John. (1972). Robespierre: the force of circumstance. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Doyle, William, Haydon, Colin (eds.) (1999). Robespierre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521591163. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list (link) A collection of essays covering not only Robespierre's thoughts and deeds but also the way he has been portrayed by historians and fictional writers alike.
- Reviewed by Hilary Mantel in the London Review of Books, Vol. 22, No. 7, March 30, 2000.
Eagan, James Michael (1978). Maximilien Robespierre: Nationalist Dictator. New York: Octagon Books. ISBN 0374924406. Presents Robespierre as the origin of Fascist dictators.
Hampson, Norman (1974). The Life and Opinions of Maximilien Robespierre. London: Duckworth. ISBN 0715607413. Presents three contrasting views
Jordan, David P. (1989). The Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226410374. Sympathetic but not un-critical left-wing study
Lenotre, G., Robespierre's Rise and Fall, London: Hutchinson & Co. (1927) Critical
Matrat, Jean. (1971). Robespierre: or the tyranny of the Majority. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. ISBN 0-684-14055-1.
Linton, Marisa. "Robespierre and the Terror", History Today, August 2006, Volume 56, Issue 8, pp. 23–29
Palmer, R.R. (1941). Twelve Who Ruled: The Year of Terror in the French Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-05119-4. A sympathetic study of the Committee of Public Safety.
Rudé, George (1976). Robespierre: Portrait of a Revolutionary Democrat. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0670601284. Sympathetic Marxist analysis comparing him with Lenin and Mao.
Schama, Simon (1989). Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0394559487. A revisionist account.
Scurr, Ruth. Fatal Purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution. London: Metropolitan Books, 2006 (ISBN 0-8050-7987-4).
- Reviewed by Hilary Mantel in the London Review of Books, Vol. 28 No. 8, April 20, 2006.
- Reviewed by Marisa Linton in the History TodayDiarsipkan 2007-03-13 di Wayback Machine., June 2006, Volume 56, Issue 6, pp. 66–66.
- Reviewed by Sudhir Hazareesingh in the Times Literary Supplement, June 7, 2006.
Sobel, Robert, The French Revolution (1967)
Soboul, Albert. "Robespierre and the Popular Movement of 1793–4", Past and Present, No. 5. (May, 1954), pp. 54–70.
Thompson, James M. (1988). Robespierre. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-15504-X. Traditional biography with extensive and reliable research.
Tucker, Florence. (2005). 999 Little Known Facts. Oxford: Jonathan and Associates. ISBN 0-631-15504-X.
Merriman, John(2004). "Thermidor"(2nd ed.). A history of modern Europe: from the Renaissance to the present,p 507. W. W. Norton & Company Ltd. ISBN 0-393-92495-5

Pranala luar

Cari tahu mengenai Maximilien de Robespierre pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:
	Definisi dan terjemahan dari Wiktionary
	Gambar dan media dari Commons
	Berita dari Wikinews
	Kutipan dari Wikiquote
	Teks sumber dari Wikisource
	Buku dari Wikibuku

Maximilien Robespierre Internet Archive on Marxists.org
Maximilien Robespierre, 1758-1794
The French Revolution, Robespierre Diarsipkan 2010-01-17 di Wayback Machine.
Maximilien Robespierre - bronze miniature by Igor Zeinalov Diarsipkan 2010-11-24 di Wayback Machine.
Why Robespierre Chose Terror Diarsipkan 2011-01-03 di Wayback Machine. by John Kekes. City Journal, Spring 2006.
Robespierre.org.uk Diarsipkan 2010-07-25 di Wayback Machine.
Family tree (back to the 18th generation) Diarsipkan 2006-01-27 di Wayback Machine. (also here)
Artikel ini menyertakan teks dari suatu terbitan yang sekarang berada pada ranah publik: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "perlu nama artikel ". Encyclopædia Britannica (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press. Teks "Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de" akan diabaikan (bantuan)
Remembering the Reign of Terror by Dolan Cummings, Spiked Review of Books, Issue No. 7, November 2007
Maximilien de Robespierre di Find a Grave
A.M.R.I.D (Association Maximilien Robespierre pour l'Idéal Démocratique) Diarsipkan 2009-09-10 di Wayback Machine.(in French)

[1] Lavoine, A. (1914) La famille de Robespierre et ses origines. Documents inédits sur le séjour des Robespierre à Vaudricourt, Béthune, Harnes, Hénin-Liétard, Carvin et Arras. (1452–1790). In: Revue du Nord, tome 5, n°18, May 1914. p. 114. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3406/rnord.1914.1244 www.persee.fr/doc/rnord_0035-2624_1914_num_5_18_1244 ^

[1]

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
+{{infobox orang}}
-[[Berkas:Robespierre.jpg|thumb|Potret diri Maximilien de Robespierre (ca. 1790)]]
-'''Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre''' ({{lahirmati||6|4|1758||28|7|1794}}) adalah salah satu tokoh paling terkenal dan berpengaruh pada [[Revolusi Perancis]]. Ia mengendalikan [[Komite Keselamatan Publik]] ({{lang-fr|Comité de salut public}}) yang merupakan pemerintah ''de facto'' pada masa [[Pemerintahan Teror]] yang berakhir dengan penangkapan dan eksekusi Robespierre pada tahun [[1794]]. Ia dipengaruhi oleh para filsuf [[Abad Pencerahan]] seperti [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] dan [[Montesquieu]] dan merupakan juru bicara utama kaum [[borjuis]] [[sayap kiri]] pada saat itu.
+'''Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre''' ({{lahirmati||6|5|1758||28|7|1794}}) adalah pengacara dan politikus yang menjadi salah satu tokoh paling terkenal dan berpengaruh pada [[Revolusi Prancis]]. Ia mengendalikan [[Comité de Salut Public|Komite Keselamatan Publik]] ({{lang-fr|Comité de salut public}}) yang merupakan pemerintah ''de facto'' pada masa [[Pemerintahan Teror]] yang berakhir dengan penangkapan dan eksekusi Robespierre pada tahun [[1794]]. Ia dipengaruhi oleh para filsuf [[Abad Pencerahan]] seperti [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] dan [[Montesquieu]] dan merupakan juru bicara utama kaum [[borjuis]] [[sayap kiri]] pada saat itu.
+== Masa Muda ==
+Maximilien de Robespierre dilahirkan di [[Arras|Aras,]] suatu provinsi Prancis lama di [[Artois]]. Keluarganya jika ditelusuri jejaknya pada abad 15 berasal dari [[Vaudricourt, Pas-de-Calais|Vadricourt, Pas-de-Calais]]. salah satu leluhurnya Robert de Robespierre bekerja sebagai notaris di Carvin dekat Arras pertengahan abad ke-17.<ref>Lavoine, A. (1914) La famille de Robespierre et ses origines. Documents inédits sur le séjour des Robespierre à Vaudricourt, Béthune, Harnes, Hénin-Liétard, Carvin et Arras. (1452–1790). In: Revue du Nord, tome 5, n°18, May 1914. p. 114. DOI : <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.3406/rnord.1914.1244</nowiki> www.persee.fr/doc/rnord_0035-2624_1914_num_5_18_1244
+'''^'''</ref> Kakek dari pihak ayah, juga bernama Maximilien de Robespierre, menempatkan dirinya di Arras sebagai pengacara. Ayahnya, François Maximilien Barthélémy de Robespierre, adalah seorang pengacara di Conseil d'Artois, dan menikah dengan Jacqueline Marguerite Carrault, putri pembuat bir, pada 2 Januari 1758. Maximilien adalah anak tertua dari empat bersaudara dan dikandung di luar nikah. Saudara-saudaranya adalah Charlotte (8 Februari 1760 - 1 Agustus 1834), Henriette (28 Desember 1761 - 5 Maret 1780), dan Augustin (21 Januari 1763 - 28 Juli 1794).
 == Referensi ==
 {{Reflist}}
-* {{cite book | author=Baker, Keith Michael (ed.) | title=The Old Regime and the French Revolution | location= Chicago | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=1987 | isbn=0226069354}} Good summary that relies almost entirely on primary source documents with short summarizing essays that explain those documents
+* {{cite book|author=Baker, Keith Michael (ed.)|title=The Old Regime and the French Revolution|url=https://archive.org/details/oldregimefr00bake|location= Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1987|isbn=0226069354}} Good summary that relies almost entirely on primary source documents with short summarizing essays that explain those documents
-* {{cite book | author=[[Thomas Carlyle|Carlyle, Thomas]] | title=The French Revolution: A History, Volume III: The Guillotine | location=Cambridge, MA | publisher=IndyPublish.com | year=2002 | isbn=1404303987}} A [[Romanticism|Romantic]] account more useful for [[Historiography|historiographical]] studies than as accurate history
+* {{cite book|author=[[Thomas Carlyle|Carlyle, Thomas]]|title=The French Revolution: A History, Volume III: The Guillotine|location=Cambridge, MA|publisher=IndyPublish.com|year=2002|isbn=1404303987}} A [[Romanticism|Romantic]] account more useful for [[Historiography|historiographical]] studies than as accurate history
-* {{cite book | author=Carr, John. | title=Robespierre: the force of circumstance | location=New York | publisher=St. Martin’s Press. | year=1972}}
+* {{cite book|author=Carr, John.|title=Robespierre: the force of circumstance|url=https://archive.org/details/robespierreforce0000carr|location=New York|publisher=St. Martin’s Press.|year=1972}}
-* {{cite book | author=Doyle, William, Haydon, Colin (eds.) | title=Robespierre | location=Cambridge | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1999| isbn=0521591163}} A collection of essays covering not only Robespierre's thoughts and deeds but also the way he has been portrayed by historians and fictional writers alike.
+* {{cite book|author=Doyle, William, Haydon, Colin (eds.)|title=Robespierre|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1999|isbn=0521591163}} A collection of essays covering not only Robespierre's thoughts and deeds but also the way he has been portrayed by historians and fictional writers alike.
-** [http://web.archive.org/web/20070609194601/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v22/n07/mant01_.html Reviewed] by [[Hilary Mantel]] in the ''London Review of Books'', Vol.&nbsp;22, No.&nbsp;7, March&nbsp;30, 2000.
+** [https://web.archive.org/web/20070609194601/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v22/n07/mant01_.html Reviewed] by [[Hilary Mantel]] in the ''London Review of Books'', Vol.&nbsp;22, No.&nbsp;7, March&nbsp;30, 2000.
-* {{cite book | author=Eagan, James Michael | title=Maximilien Robespierre: Nationalist Dictator | location=New York | publisher=Octagon Books | year=1978 | isbn=0374924406}} Presents Robespierre as the origin of [[Fascism|Fascist]] dictators.
+* {{cite book|author=Eagan, James Michael|title=Maximilien Robespierre: Nationalist Dictator|url=https://archive.org/details/maximilienrobesp0000eaga|location=New York|publisher=Octagon Books|year=1978|isbn=0374924406}} Presents Robespierre as the origin of [[Fascism|Fascist]] dictators.
-* {{cite book|author=Hampson, Norman|title=The Life and Opinions of Maximilien Robespierre | location=London|publisher=Duckworth|year=1974|isbn=0715607413}} Presents three contrasting views
+* {{cite book|author=Hampson, Norman|title=The Life and Opinions of Maximilien Robespierre|location=London|publisher=Duckworth|year=1974|isbn=0715607413}} Presents three contrasting views
-* {{cite book | author=Jordan, David P. | title=The Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre | location=Chicago | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=1989 | isbn=0226410374}} Sympathetic but not un-critical left-wing study
+* {{cite book|author=Jordan, David P.|title=The Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre|url=https://archive.org/details/revolutionarycar00jord|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1989|isbn=0226410374}} Sympathetic but not un-critical left-wing study
 * [[Théodore Gosselin|Lenotre, G.]], ''Robespierre's Rise and Fall,'' London: Hutchinson & Co. (1927) Critical
-* {{cite book | author=Matrat, Jean. | title=Robespierre: or the tyranny of the Majority | location=New York | publisher=Charles Scribner’s Sons | year=1971 | isbn=0-684-14055-1}}
+* {{cite book|author=Matrat, Jean.|title=Robespierre: or the tyranny of the Majority|url=https://archive.org/details/robespierreortyr00matr|location=New York|publisher=Charles Scribner’s Sons|year=1971|isbn=0-684-14055-1}}
-* Linton, Marisa. [http://web.archive.org/web/20070313181009/http://www.historytoday.com/dt_main_allatonce.asp?gid=31771&aid=&tgid=&amid=30232604&g31771=x&g31763=x&g30026=x&g20991=x&g21010=x&g19965=x&g19963=x "Robespierre and the Terror"], ''History Today'', August 2006, Volume&nbsp;56, Issue&nbsp;8, pp.&nbsp;23–29
+* Linton, Marisa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070313181009/http://www.historytoday.com/dt_main_allatonce.asp?gid=31771&aid=&tgid=&amid=30232604&g31771=x&g31763=x&g30026=x&g20991=x&g21010=x&g19965=x&g19963=x "Robespierre and the Terror"], ''History Today'', August 2006, Volume&nbsp;56, Issue&nbsp;8, pp.&nbsp;23–29
-* {{cite book | author=[[R.R. Palmer|Palmer, R.R.]] | title=Twelve Who Ruled: The Year of Terror in the French Revolution | location=Princeton, NJ | publisher=Princeton University Press | year=1941 | isbn=0-691-05119-4}} A sympathetic study of the [[Committee of Public Safety]].
+* {{cite book|author=[[R.R. Palmer|Palmer, R.R.]]|title=Twelve Who Ruled: The Year of Terror in the French Revolution|url=https://archive.org/details/twelvewhoruled0000unse|location=Princeton, NJ|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1941|isbn=0-691-05119-4}} A sympathetic study of the [[Committee of Public Safety]].
-* {{cite book | author=[[George Rudé|Rudé, George]] | title=Robespierre: Portrait of a Revolutionary Democrat | location=New York | publisher=Viking Press | year=1976 | isbn=0670601284}} Sympathetic [[Marxism|Marxist]] analysis comparing him with [[Lenin]] and [[Mao]].
+* {{cite book|author=[[George Rudé|Rudé, George]]|title=Robespierre: Portrait of a Revolutionary Democrat|location=New York|publisher=Viking Press|year=1976|isbn=0670601284}} Sympathetic [[Marxism|Marxist]] analysis comparing him with [[Lenin]] and [[Mao]].
-* {{cite book | authorlink=Simon Schama|last=Schama|first=Simon|title=Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution | location=New York | publisher=Alfred A. Knopf | year=1989 | isbn=0394559487}} A revisionist account.
+* {{cite book|authorlink=Simon Schama|last=Schama|first=Simon|title=Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution|location=New York|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|year=1989|isbn=0394559487}} A revisionist account.
 * Scurr, Ruth. ''Fatal Purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution''. London: Metropolitan Books, 2006 (ISBN 0-8050-7987-4).
-** [http://web.archive.org/web/20070609051033/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n08/print/mant01_.html Reviewed] by Hilary Mantel in the ''London Review of Books'', Vol.&nbsp;28 No.&nbsp;8, April&nbsp;20, 2006.
+** [https://web.archive.org/web/20070609051033/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n08/print/mant01_.html Reviewed] by Hilary Mantel in the ''London Review of Books'', Vol.&nbsp;28 No.&nbsp;8, April&nbsp;20, 2006.
-** [http://web.archive.org/web/20070313180950/http://www.historytoday.com/dt_main_allatonce.asp?gid=31692&aid=&tgid=&amid=30231265&g31692=x&g31398=x&g30028=x&g20991=x&g21010=x&g19965=x&g19963=x Reviewed] by Marisa Linton in the [http://www.historytoday.com/ ''History Today''], June 2006, Volume&nbsp;56, Issue&nbsp;6, pp.&nbsp;66–66.
+** [http://web.archive.org/web/20070313180950/http://www.historytoday.com/dt_main_allatonce.asp?gid=31692&aid=&tgid=&amid=30231265&g31692=x&g31398=x&g30028=x&g20991=x&g21010=x&g19965=x&g19963=x Reviewed] by Marisa Linton in the [http://www.historytoday.com/ ''History Today'']{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313180950/http://www.historytoday.com/dt_main_allatonce.asp?gid=31692&aid=&tgid=&amid=30231265&g31692=x&g31398=x&g30028=x&g20991=x&g21010=x&g19965=x&g19963=x |date=2007-03-13 }}, June 2006, Volume&nbsp;56, Issue&nbsp;6, pp.&nbsp;66–66.
 ** [http://tls.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,25340-2215221,00.html Reviewed] by Sudhir Hazareesingh in the [http://tls.timesonline.co.uk/ ''Times Literary Supplement''], June&nbsp;7, 2006.
 * [[Robert Sobel|Sobel, Robert]], ''The French Revolution'' (1967)
 * [[Albert Soboul|Soboul, Albert]]. "Robespierre and the Popular Movement of 1793–4", ''Past and Present'', No.&nbsp;5. (May, 1954), pp.&nbsp;54–70.
-* {{cite book | author=Thompson, James M. | title=Robespierre | location=Oxford | publisher=Blackwell Publishers | year=1988 | isbn=0-631-15504-X}} Traditional biography with extensive and reliable research.
+* {{cite book|author=Thompson, James M.|title=Robespierre|url=https://archive.org/details/robespierre0000thom|location=Oxford|publisher=Blackwell Publishers|year=1988|isbn=0-631-15504-X}} Traditional biography with extensive and reliable research.
-* {{cite book | author=Tucker, Florence. | title=999 Little Known Facts | location=Oxford | publisher=Jonathan and Associates | year=2005 | isbn=0-631-15504-X}}
+* {{cite book|author=Tucker, Florence.|title=999 Little Known Facts|location=Oxford|publisher=Jonathan and Associates|year=2005|isbn=0-631-15504-X}}
 * Merriman, John(2004). "Thermidor"(2nd ed.). A history of modern Europe: from the Renaissance to the present,p 507. W. W. Norton & Company Ltd. ISBN 0-393-92495-5
 == Pranala luar ==
@@ Baris 33: / Baris 38: @@
 * [http://www.marxists.org/history/france/revolution/robespierre/index.htm Maximilien Robespierre Internet Archive] on [[Marxists.org]]
 * [http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/robespierre.html Maximilien Robespierre, 1758-1794]
-* [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255/kat_anna/robespierre.html The French Revolution, Robespierre]
+* [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255/kat_anna/robespierre.html The French Revolution, Robespierre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117164526/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255/kat_anna/robespierre.html |date=2010-01-17 }}
-* [http://www.zeinalov.com/htm/e/bell/robespierre02.htm Maximilien Robespierre - bronze miniature by Igor Zeinalov]
+* [http://www.zeinalov.com/htm/e/bell/robespierre02.htm Maximilien Robespierre - bronze miniature by Igor Zeinalov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124224923/http://www.zeinalov.com/htm/e/bell/robespierre02.htm |date=2010-11-24 }}
-* [http://www.city-journal.org/html/16_2_urbanities-robespierre.html Why Robespierre Chose Terror] by John Kekes. [[City Journal (New York)|City Journal]], Spring 2006.
+* [http://www.city-journal.org/html/16_2_urbanities-robespierre.html Why Robespierre Chose Terror] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103204910/http://www.city-journal.org/html/16_2_urbanities-robespierre.html |date=2011-01-03 }} by John Kekes. [[City Journal (New York)|City Journal]], Spring 2006.
-* [http://www.robespierre.org.uk Robespierre.org.uk]
+* [http://www.robespierre.org.uk Robespierre.org.uk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725055217/http://www.robespierre.org.uk/ |date=2010-07-25 }}
-* [http://www.galichon.com/genealogie/html/celebre/robes/index.php Family tree (back to the 18th generation)] ([http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/GEN-FF/1999-06/0928841191 also here])
+* [http://www.galichon.com/genealogie/html/celebre/robes/index.php Family tree (back to the 18th generation)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060127090226/http://www.galichon.com/genealogie/html/celebre/robes/index.php |date=2006-01-27 }} ([http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/GEN-FF/1999-06/0928841191 also here])
 * {{Wikisource1911Enc Citation|Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de}}
 * [http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/site/reviewofbooks_article/4128/ Remembering the Reign of Terror] by Dolan Cummings, ''Spiked Review of Books'', Issue No. 7, November 2007
 * {{findagrave|10339684}}
-* [http://www.rondelot.com/spip.php?rubrique1 A.M.R.I.D (Association Maximilien Robespierre pour l'Idéal Démocratique)](in French)
+* [http://www.rondelot.com/spip.php?rubrique1 A.M.R.I.D (Association Maximilien Robespierre pour l'Idéal Démocratique)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910014646/http://www.rondelot.com/spip.php?rubrique1 |date=2009-09-10 }}(in French)
-{{perancis-stub}}
-{{bio-stub}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Robespierre, Maximilien}}
+[[Kategori:Tokoh Prancis]]
-[[Kategori:Tokoh Perancis]]
+[[Kategori:Revolusi Prancis]]
-[[Kategori:Revolusi Perancis]]
+[[Kategori:Tokoh yang dihukum mati]]
-[[als:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[an:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[ar:ماكسمليان روبسبير]]
-[[arz:روبسبير]]
-[[bg:Максимилиан Робеспиер]]
-[[bs:Maximilien Robespierre]]
-[[ca:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[cs:Maximilien Robespierre]]
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-[[es:Maximilien Robespierre]]
-[[et:Maximilien Robespierre]]
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-[[fa:ماکسیمیلیان روبسپیر]]
-[[fi:Maximilien Robespierre]]
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-[[fy:Maximilien Robespierre]]
-[[ga:Maximilien Robespierre]]
-[[gl:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[he:מקסימיליאן רובספייר]]
-[[hr:Maximilien Robespierre]]
-[[hu:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[io:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[it:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[ja:マクシミリアン・ロベスピエール]]
-[[jv:Maximilien Robespierre]]
-[[ka:მაქსიმილიან რობესპიერი]]
-[[ko:막시밀리앙 드 로베스피에르]]
-[[ku:Maximilien Robespierre]]
-[[la:Maximilianus de Robespierre]]
-[[lb:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[lt:Maksimiljanas Robespjeras]]
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-[[pl:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[pt:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[ro:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[ru:Робеспьер, Максимилиан]]
-[[sh:Maximilien Robespierre]]
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-[[sk:Maximilián Robespierre]]
-[[sr:Максимилијан Робеспјер]]
-[[sv:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[th:มักซีมีลียอง โรแบสปีแยร์]]
-[[tr:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[uk:Максиміліан Робесп'єр]]
-[[ur:روبس پیئر]]
-[[vec:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[vi:Maximilien de Robespierre]]
-[[zh:马克西米连·罗伯斯庇尔]]
-[[zh-min-nan:Maximilien de Robespierre]]