Batu kendan: Perbedaan antara revisi

Obsidian
Obsidian
	Obsidian yang ditemukan di Oregon's
Umum
Kategori	Batuan vulkanik
Identifikasi
Warna	Hitam pekat atau hitam kehijauan
Fraktur	Konkoidal
Kekerasan dalam skala Mohs	5–6
Kilau	Kekacaan
Berat jenis	sekitar 2,4
Sifat optik	Translusen
Sifat lain	Tekstur: halus seperti kaca
Referensi

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Sebaris

Revisi terkini sejak 10 Februari 2024 01.47

Obsidian, batu kendan^[4] , atau batu kaca^[5] adalah kaca vulkanik alami yang berupa batuan beku ekstrusif.^[6]^[7] Obsidian terbentuk dari ekstrusi lava felsik yang mendingin dengan cepat tanpa pertumbuhan kristal.

Kaca vulkanik ini dimanfaatkan sebagai alat pemotong pada zaman dahulu dan pisau bedah pada zaman modern.^[8]^[9]^[10] Obsidian juga memiliki fungsi ornamental dan sebagai batu permata.^[11]

Referensi

^ Peter Roger Stuart Moorey (1999). Ancient mesopotamian materials and industries: the archaeological evidence. Eisenbrauns. hlm. 108–. ISBN 978-1-57506-042-2.
^ Geological Survey (U.S.) (1981). Geological Survey (U.S.). The Survey. hlm. 185–.
^ "Obsidian: Mineral information, data and localities". mindat.org.
^ Stevens, Alan M.; Tellings, A. Ed Schmidgall (2004). A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary (dalam bahasa Inggris). Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1584-9.
^ Stevens, Alan M.; Tellings, A. Ed Schmidgall (2004). A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary (dalam bahasa Inggris). Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1584-9.
^ Rafferty, John P. (Agustus 2011). Rocks. The Rosen Publishing Group. hlm. 97–. ISBN 978-1-61530-492-9.
^ I-science I' 2006 Ed. Rex Bookstore, Inc. pp. 127–. ISBN 978-971-23-4399-5.
^ Brian Cotterell; Johan Kamminga (1992). Mechanics of pre-industrial technology: an introduction to the mechanics of ancient and traditional material culture. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 127–. ISBN 978-0-521-42871-2.
^ David Wescott (1999). Primitive Technology: A Book of Earth Skills.
^ Supplier of modern obsidian surgical scalpels with information on use
^ Manutchehr-Danai, Mohsen (9 Maret 2013). Dictionary of Gems and Gemology (dalam bahasa Inggris). Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9783662042885.

Pranala luar

(Inggris) Obsidian: Mineral galleries Diarsipkan 2007-06-10 di Wayback Machine.
(Inggris) USGS Obsidian photo glossary

[moorey1999-1] Peter Roger Stuart Moorey (1999). Ancient mesopotamian materials and industries: the archaeological evidence. Eisenbrauns. hlm. 108–. ISBN 978-1-57506-042-2.

[usgs1981-2] Geological Survey (U.S.) (1981). Geological Survey (U.S.). The Survey. hlm. 185–.

[mindat-3] "Obsidian: Mineral information, data and localities". mindat.org.

[4] Stevens, Alan M.; Tellings, A. Ed Schmidgall (2004). A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary (dalam bahasa Inggris). Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1584-9.

[5] Stevens, Alan M.; Tellings, A. Ed Schmidgall (2004). A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary (dalam bahasa Inggris). Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1584-9.

[rafferty2011-6] Rafferty, John P. (Agustus 2011). Rocks. The Rosen Publishing Group. hlm. 97–. ISBN 978-1-61530-492-9.

[isciensei-7] I-science I' 2006 Ed. Rex Bookstore, Inc. pp. 127–. ISBN 978-971-23-4399-5.

[8] Brian Cotterell; Johan Kamminga (1992). Mechanics of pre-industrial technology: an introduction to the mechanics of ancient and traditional material culture. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 127–. ISBN 978-0-521-42871-2.

[9] David Wescott (1999). Primitive Technology: A Book of Earth Skills.

[10] Supplier of modern obsidian surgical scalpels with information on use

[11] Manutchehr-Danai, Mohsen (9 Maret 2013). Dictionary of Gems and Gemology (dalam bahasa Inggris). Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9783662042885.

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@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
+{{Infobox mineral
-[[Berkas:ObsidianOregon.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Obsidian dari [[Oregon]].]]
+| name          = Obsidian
+| category      = [[Batuan vulkanik]]
+| boxwidth      =
+| boxbgcolor    = #222222
+| image         = ObsidianOregon.jpg
+| imagesize     =
+| caption       = Obsidian yang ditemukan di Oregon's
+| formula       =
+| molweight     =
+| color         = Hitam pekat atau hitam kehijauan
+| habit         =
+| system        =
+| twinning      =
+| cleavage      =
+| fracture      = Konkoidal
+| tenacity      =
+| mohs          = 5–6<ref name="moorey1999">{{cite book |author=Peter Roger Stuart Moorey |title=Ancient mesopotamian materials and industries: the archaeological evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_Ixuott4doC&pg=PA108 |year=1999 |publisher=Eisenbrauns |isbn=978-1-57506-042-2 |pages=108–}}</ref>
+| luster        = Kekacaan
+| polish        =
+| other         = Tekstur: halus seperti kaca
+| refractive    =
+| opticalprop   = Translusen
+| birefringence =
+| dispersion    =
+| pleochroism   =
+| fluorescence  =
+| absorption    =
+| streak        =
+| gravity       = sekitar 2,4<ref name="usgs1981">{{cite book |author=Geological Survey (U.S.) |title=Geological Survey (U.S.) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQglAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA185 |year=1981 |publisher=The Survey |pages=185–}}</ref>
+| density       =
+| melt          =
+| fusibility    =
+| diagnostic    =
+| solubility    =
+| diaphaneity   =
+| references    = <ref name="mindat">{{cite web |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-8519.html |title=Obsidian: Mineral information, data and localities. |website=mindat.org}}</ref>
+}}
+'''Obsidian, batu kendan'''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stevens|first=Alan M.|last2=Tellings|first2=A. Ed Schmidgall|date=2004|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=hVo2ZDYbL6gC&pg=PR17&dq=indonesia+english+dictionary&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidhqrp0p-EAxUqzjgGHYd7B5cQ6wF6BAgOEAU#v=snippet&q=Obsidian%20&f=false|title=A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-8214-1584-9|language=en}}</ref> , atau '''batu kaca'''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stevens|first=Alan M.|last2=Tellings|first2=A. Ed Schmidgall|date=2004|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=hVo2ZDYbL6gC&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=onepage&q=Garnet&f=false|title=A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-8214-1584-9|language=en}}</ref> adalah kaca vulkanik alami yang berupa batuan beku ekstrusif.<ref name="rafferty2011">{{cite book |last=Rafferty |first=John P. |date=Agustus 2011 |title=Rocks |url=https://archive.org/details/rocks0000unse |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |page=[https://archive.org/details/rocks0000unse/page/97 97]– |isbn=978-1-61530-492-9}}</ref><ref name="isciensei">I-science I' 2006 Ed. Rex Bookstore, Inc. pp. 127–. {{ISBN|978-971-23-4399-5}}.</ref> Obsidian terbentuk dari ekstrusi [[lava]] [[felsik]] yang mendingin dengan cepat tanpa pertumbuhan kristal.
-'''Obsidian''' adalah [[kaca vulkanik]] yang terbentuk sebagai [[batu apung]] ekstrusif.
-Obsidian terbentuk dari ekstrusi [[lava]] [[felsik]] yang mendingin dengan cepat tanpa pertumbuhan kristal. Kaca vulkanik ini dimanfaatkan sebagai [[titik proyektil]] atau pedang pada zaman kuno, dan [[skalpel]] operasi di zaman modern.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=HlwUo0IccoMC&pg=PT90&lpg=PT90&dq=obsidian+surgical+scalpel&source=web&ots=tO8nfz3GFt&sig=7rQSy1-tT3-mm_Pp7nhyxOXjyTc&hl=en#PPT90,M1  Primitive Technology: A Book of Earth Skills] David Wescott </ref><ref>[http://www.finescience.com/commerce/ccc1065-obsidian-scalpels.htm Supplier of modern obsidian surgical scalpels with information on use]</ref>
+Kaca vulkanik ini dimanfaatkan sebagai alat pemotong pada zaman dahulu dan [[pisau bedah]] pada zaman modern.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Brian Cotterell |author2=Johan Kamminga |title=Mechanics of pre-industrial technology: an introduction to the mechanics of ancient and traditional material culture |year=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-42871-2 |pages=127– |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0-xOM8y6Uc8C&pg=PA127}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=David Wescott |date=1999 |title=Primitive Technology: A Book of Earth Skills |url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=HlwUo0IccoMC&pg=PT90&lpg=PT90&dq=obsidian+surgical+scalpel&source=web&ots=tO8nfz3GFt&sig=7rQSy1-tT3-mm_Pp7nhyxOXjyTc&hl=en#PPT90,M1}}</ref><ref>[http://www.finescience.com/commerce/ccc1065-obsidian-scalpels.htm Supplier of modern obsidian surgical scalpels with information on use]</ref> Obsidian juga memiliki fungsi ornamental dan sebagai [[batu permata]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Manutchehr-Danai |first=Mohsen |date=9 Maret 2013 |title=Dictionary of Gems and Gemology |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9783662042885 |language=en |url=https://books.google.com/?id=2UX1CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA502&dq=%C2%A0Obsidian+is+also+used+for+ornamental+purposes+and+as+a+gemstone.#v=onepage&q=%C2%A0Obsidian%20is%20also%20used%20for%20ornamental%20purposes%20and%20as%20a%20gemstone.&f=false}}</ref>
 == Referensi ==
@@ Baris 9: / Baris 46: @@
 == Pranala luar ==
+{{commons}}
-* [http://www.mindat.org/min-8519.html Mindat with location data]
-* [http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/mineralo/obsidian/obsidian.htm Obsidian: Mineral galleries]
+* {{en}} [http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/mineralo/obsidian/obsidian.htm Obsidian: Mineral galleries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610063346/http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/mineralo/obsidian/obsidian.htm |date=2007-06-10 }}
-* [http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/images/pglossary/obsidian.php USGS Obsidian photo glossary]
+* {{en}} [http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/images/pglossary/obsidian.php USGS Obsidian photo glossary]
-{{stub}}
+{{perhiasan}}
+{{gunung berapi}}
-[[Kategori:Batu vulkanik]]
+[[Kategori:Batuan beku]]
-[[ar:سبج (حجر كريم)]]
-[[bg:Обсидиан]]
-[[ca:Obsidiana]]
-[[cs:Obsidián]]
-[[da:Obsidian]]
-[[de:Obsidian]]
-[[en:Obsidian]]
-[[et:Obsidiaan]]
-[[el:Οψιανός]]
-[[es:Obsidiana]]
-[[eo:Obsidiano]]
-[[eu:Obsidiana]]
-[[fa:ابسیدین]]
-[[fr:Obsidienne]]
-[[gl:Obsidiana]]
-[[ko:흑요석]]
-[[hr:Obsidian]]
-[[io:Obsidiano]]
-[[is:Hrafntinna]]
-[[it:Ossidiana]]
-[[he:זכוכית געשית]]
-[[lt:Obsidianas]]
-[[hu:Obszidián]]
-[[mk:Обсидијан]]
-[[nl:Obsidiaan]]
-[[ja:黒曜石]]
-[[no:Obsidian]]
-[[pl:Obsydian]]
-[[pt:Obsidiana]]
-[[ro:Obsidian]]
-[[ru:Обсидиан]]
-[[simple:Obsidian]]
-[[sk:Obsidián]]
-[[sr:Опсидијан]]
-[[sh:Opsidijan]]
-[[fi:Obsidiaani]]
-[[sv:Obsidian]]
-[[tr:Obsidyen]]
-[[uk:Обсидіан]]
-[[zh:黑曜岩]]

l b s Gunung berapi
Jenis gunung berapi	Gunung berapi bawah es Gunung berapi bawah danau Gunung berapi bawah laut Gunung berapi gabungan Gunung berapi kerucut Gunung berapi lumpur Gunung berapi perisai piroklastik Gunung berapi perisai Gunung berapi somma Kaldera Kerucut bara Kerucut pasilan Kerucut vulkanis Kriovolkano Kubah lava Lubang retak Maar Medan vulkanis Supervulkan Vulkanisme bimodal
Batuan vulkanis	Volcanic rock Agglomerate Andesite Basalt Basaltic andesite Dacite Komatiite Latite Obsidian Rhyodacite Rhyolite Trachyte Tuff
Daftar dan kelompok gunung berapi	Daftar gunung Gunung berapi dekade Sabuk vulkanis
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