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{{terjemah|Inggris}}
{{terjemah|Inggris}}
{{Infobox State IN
{{kotak info negara bagian India|
state_name=Gujarat |
|state_name =Gujarat
image_map=Gujarat in India (disputed hatched).svg |
|image_map =Gujarat in India (disputed hatched).svg
capital=Gandhinagar |
|capital =Gandhinagar
latd = 23.03|longd=72.58|
|latd =23.03
|longd =72.58
largest_city=Ahmedabad|
|largest_city =Ahmedabad
abbreviation=IN-GJ |
|abbreviation =IN-GJ
official_languages=[[Bahasa Gujarati|Gujarati]]|
|official_languages =[[Bahasa Gujarati|Gujarati]]
legislature_type=Unikameral |
|legislature_type =Unikameral
legislature_strength=182 |
|legislature_strength =182
governor_name=Nawal Kishore Sharma |
|governor_name =Nawal Kishore Sharma
chief_minister=Narendra Modi |
|chief_minister =Narendra Modi
established_date=[[1 Mei]] [[1960]] |
|established_date =[[1 Mei]] [[1960]]
area=196.024 |
|area =196.024
area_rank=7 |
|area_rank =Ke-7
area_magnitude=11 |
|area_magnitude =11
population_year=2001 |
|population_year =2011
population=50.596.992 |
|population =60.439.692
population_rank=10 |
|population_rank =Ke-10
population_density=258 |
|population_density =308
districts=25 |
|districts =25
| image_seal = Seal of Gujarat.svg
|image_seal = Seal of Gujarat.svg
footnotes = |
|footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Gujarat''' ([[bahasa Gujarati]]: ગુજરાત) adalah [[Negara bagian dan teritori India|negara bagian]] India paling terindustrialisasi di [[India]] setelah [[Maharashtra]] dan ia terletak di barat [[India]], berbatasan dengan [[Pakistan]] di barat laut dan [[Rajasthan]] di utara. Ibu kotanya adalah [[Gandhinagar]], sebuah kota terencana dekat [[Ahmedabad]], bekas ibu kota negara bagian dan pusat komersial Gujarat.
'''Gujarat''' ([[bahasa Gujarati]]: ગુજરાત, [[Burmese]] : ဂူဂျာရာတ် ) adalah [[Negara bagian dan teritori India|negara bagian]] India dan paling terindustrialisasi setelah [[Maharashtra]] dan terletak di barat [[India]], berbatasan dengan [[Pakistan]] di barat laut dan [[Rajasthan]] di utara. Ibu kotanya adalah [[Gandhinagar]], sebuah kota terencana dekat [[Ahmedabad]], bekas ibu kota negara bagian dan pusat komersial Gujarat.


Negara bagian Gujarat diciptakan pada [[1 Mei]] [[1960]]. Gujarat telah menjadi negara bagian dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi tercepat di negara India; pada 2002, Gujarat memiliki pendapatan per kapita rata-rata Rs 7.500 (1992) dibandingkan dengan Rs 6.400 di negara-negara bagian lainnya.
Negara bagian Gujarat diciptakan pada [[1 Mei]] [[1960]]. Gujarat telah menjadi negara bagian dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi tercepat di negara India; pada 2002, Gujarat memiliki pendapatan per kapita rata-rata Rs 7.500 (1992) dibandingkan dengan Rs 6.400 di negara-negara bagian lainnya.
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== Geografi ==
== Geografi ==
Gujarat merupakan negara bagian paling barat India. Dia berbatasan dengan [[Laut Arabia]] di barat, dengan negara bagian [[Rajasthan]] di utara dan timur laut, oleh [[Madhya Pradesh]] di timur, dan oleh [[Maharashtra]] di selatan dan tenggara.
Gujarat merupakan negara bagian paling barat [[India]]. Dia berbatasan dengan [[Laut Arabia]] di barat, dengan negara bagian [[Rajasthan]] di utara dan timur laut, oleh [[Madhya Pradesh]] di timur, dan oleh [[Maharashtra]] di selatan dan tenggara.


Iklimnya kebanyakan kering dan banyak padang gurun di barat laut.
Iklimnya kebanyakan kering dan banyak padang gurun di barat laut.


Gujarat memiliki panjang pesisir sekitar 1600 km, pesisir terpanjang yang dimiliki oleh seluruh negara bagian India. Di pesisir ini terdapat [[Teluk Kutch]] dan [[Teluk Cambay]].
Gujarat memiliki panjang pesisir sekitar 1600 km, pesisir terpanjang yang dimiliki oleh seluruh negara bagian India. Di pesisir ini terdapat [[Teluk Kutch]] dan [[Teluk Cambay]].


Kota-kota utama di Gujarat adalah [[Ahmedabad]], [[Vadodara]] (Baroda), [[Surat, India|Surat]], dan [[Rajkot]]. Ahmedabad adalah kota terbesar di negara bagian tersebut dan ke-6 terbesar di India. Kota penting lainnya di selatan Gujarat adalah [[Nadiad]], [[Jamnagar]], [[Ankleshwar]], [[Bharuch]], [[Navsari]], [[Vapi]], dan [[Valsad]]; di utara adalah [[Bhuj]] dan [[Dwarka]].
Kota-kota utama di Gujarat adalah [[Ahmedabad]], [[Vadodara]] (Baroda), [[Surat, India|Surat]], dan [[Rajkot]]. Ahmedabad adalah kota terbesar di negara bagian tersebut dan ke-6 terbesar di India. Kota penting lainnya di selatan Gujarat adalah [[Nadiad]], [[Jamnagar]], [[Ankleshwar]], [[Bharuch]], [[Navsari]], [[Vapi]], dan [[Valsad]]; di utara adalah [[Bhuj]] dan [[Dwarka]].
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Situated on the western coast of India, the name of the state is derived from Gujjaratta, which means the land of the Gujjars. It is believed that a tribe of [[Gujjars]] migrated to India around the 5th century. The history of Gujarat, however, began much earlier. Settlements of the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]], also known as the Harappan Civilisation, have been found in the area now known as Gujarat. Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly [[Bharuch]], served as ports and trading centres in the [[Maurya]] and [[Gupta]] empires.
Situated on the western coast of India, the name of the state is derived from Gujjaratta, which means the land of the Gujjars. It is believed that a tribe of [[Gujjars]] migrated to India around the 5th century. The history of Gujarat, however, began much earlier. Settlements of the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]], also known as the Harappan Civilisation, have been found in the area now known as Gujarat. Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly [[Bharuch]], served as ports and trading centres in the [[Maurya]] and [[Gupta]] empires.


After the fall of the Gupta empire in the [[6th century]], Gujarat flourished as an independent Hindu kingdom. The [[Maitraka]] dynasty, descended from a Gupta general, ruled from the 6th to the 8th centuries from their capital at [[Vallabhi]], although they were ruled briefly by [[Harsha]] during the 7th century. The [[Arab]] rulers of [[Sind]] sacked Vallabhi in [[770]], bringing the Maitraka dynasty to an end. A branch of the [[Pratihara]] clan ruled Gujarat after the eighth century. In [[775]] the first [[Parsi]] (Zoroastrian) refugees arrived in Gujarat from [[Iran]].
After the fall of the Gupta empire in the [[6th century]], Gujarat flourished as an independent Hindu kingdom. The [[Maitraka]] dynasty, descended from a Gupta general, ruled from the 6th to the 8th centuries from their capital at [[Vallabhi]], although they were ruled briefly by [[Harsha]] during the 7th century. The [[Arab]] rulers of [[Sind]] sacked Vallabhi in [[770]], bringing the Maitraka dynasty to an end. A branch of the [[Pratihara]] clan ruled Gujarat after the eighth century. In [[775]] the first [[Parsi]] (Zoroastrian) refugees arrived in Gujarat from [[Iran]].


The [[Solanki]] clan of [[Rajput]]s ruled Gujarat from c. 960 to 1243. Gujarat was a major center of Indian Ocean trade, and their capital at [[Anhilwara]] ([[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]) was one of the largest cities in India, with population estimated at 100,000 in the year 1000. In 1026, the famous [[Somnath]] temple in Gujarat was destroyed by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]. After 1243, the Solkanis lost control of Gujarat to their feudatories, of whom the [[Vaghela]] chiefs of [[Dholka]] came to dominate Gujarat. In 1292 the Vaghelas became tributaries of the [[Yadava]] dynasty of [[Devagiri]] in the [[Deccan]].
The [[Solanki]] clan of [[Rajput]]s ruled Gujarat from c. 960 to 1243. Gujarat was a major center of Indian Ocean trade, and their capital at [[Anhilwara]] ([[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]) was one of the largest cities in India, with population estimated at 100,000 in the year 1000. In 1026, the famous [[Somnath]] temple in Gujarat was destroyed by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]. After 1243, the Solkanis lost control of Gujarat to their feudatories, of whom the [[Vaghela]] chiefs of [[Dholka]] came to dominate Gujarat. In 1292 the Vaghelas became tributaries of the [[Yadava]] dynasty of [[Devagiri]] in the [[Deccan]].
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[[Berkas:Bombay_Prov_south_1909.jpg|thumb|Bombay Presidency in 1909, southern portion]]
[[Berkas:Bombay_Prov_south_1909.jpg|thumb|Bombay Presidency in 1909, southern portion]]


[[Portugal]] was the first [[Europe]]an power to arrive in Gujarat, acquiring several enclaves along the Gujarati coast, including [[Daman and Diu]] and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. The [[British East India Company]] established a factory in [[Surat]] in 1614, which formed their first base in India, but it was eclipsed by [[Mumbai]] after the British acquired it from Portugal in 1668. The Company wrested control of much of Gujarat from the Marathas during the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]]. Many local rulers, notably the Maratha [[Gaekwad]]s of Baroda ([[Vadodara]]), made a separate peace with the British, and acknowledged British sovereignty in return for retaining local self-rule.
[[Portugal]] was the first [[Europe]]an power to arrive in Gujarat, acquiring several enclaves along the Gujarati coast, including [[Daman and Diu]] and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. The [[British East India Company]] established a factory in [[Surat]] in 1614, which formed their first base in India, but it was eclipsed by [[Mumbai]] after the British acquired it from Portugal in 1668. The Company wrested control of much of Gujarat from the Marathas during the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]]. Many local rulers, notably the Maratha [[Gaekwad]]s of Baroda ([[Vadodara]]), made a separate peace with the British, and acknowledged British sovereignty in return for retaining local self-rule.


Gujarat was placed under the political authority of [[Bombay Presidency]], with the exception of Baroda state, which had a direct relationship with the [[Governor-General of India]]. From 1818 to 1947, most of present-day Gujarat, including [[Kathiawar]], [[Kutch]], and northern and eastern Gujarat were divided into dozens of [[princely states]], but several districts in central and southern Gujarat, namely [[Ahmedabad]], Broach ([[Bharuch]]), [[Kaira]], [[Panch Mahals]], and [[Surat]], were ruled directly by British officials.
Gujarat was placed under the political authority of [[Bombay Presidency]], with the exception of Baroda state, which had a direct relationship with the [[Governor-General of India]]. From 1818 to 1947, most of present-day Gujarat, including [[Kathiawar]], [[Kutch]], and northern and eastern Gujarat were divided into dozens of [[princely states]], but several districts in central and southern Gujarat, namely [[Ahmedabad]], Broach ([[Bharuch]]), [[Kaira]], [[Panch Mahals]], and [[Surat]], were ruled directly by British officials.
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After [[Independence of India|Indian independence]] and the [[partition of India]] in 1947, the new Indian government grouped the former princely states of Gujarat into three larger units; [[Saurashtra]], which included the former princely states on the [[Kathiawar]] peninsula, [[Kutch]], and [[Bombay state]], which included the former British districts of Bombay Presidency together with most of Baroda state and the other former princely states of eastern Gujarat. In 1956, Bombay state was enlarged to include Kutch, Saurashtra, and parts of [[Hyderabad state]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] in central India. The new state had a mostly Gujarati-speaking north and a [[Marathi]]-speaking south. Agitation by Marathi nationalists for their own state led to the split of Bombay state on linguistic lines; on [[1 May]] [[1960]], it became the new states of Gujarat and [[Maharashtra]]. The first capital of Gujarat was [[Ahmedabad]]; the capital was moved to [[Gandhinagar]] in 1970.
After [[Independence of India|Indian independence]] and the [[partition of India]] in 1947, the new Indian government grouped the former princely states of Gujarat into three larger units; [[Saurashtra]], which included the former princely states on the [[Kathiawar]] peninsula, [[Kutch]], and [[Bombay state]], which included the former British districts of Bombay Presidency together with most of Baroda state and the other former princely states of eastern Gujarat. In 1956, Bombay state was enlarged to include Kutch, Saurashtra, and parts of [[Hyderabad state]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] in central India. The new state had a mostly Gujarati-speaking north and a [[Marathi]]-speaking south. Agitation by Marathi nationalists for their own state led to the split of Bombay state on linguistic lines; on [[1 May]] [[1960]], it became the new states of Gujarat and [[Maharashtra]]. The first capital of Gujarat was [[Ahmedabad]]; the capital was moved to [[Gandhinagar]] in 1970.


In Gujarat a few new towns have been established since [[Indian independence]] in 1947. Most of these are more like settlements established near existing urban centres. Gandhidham, Sardarnagar and Kubernagar are three rehabilitation towns more of refugee settlements than self-sufficient towns. The last two now form part of the city of Ahmedabad. Ankaleswar and Mithapur were two of the earlier industrial towns established in Gujarat. A complex of three small townships for the oil refinery, the Fertilizer Factory and Petro-chemicals plant also came up near Baroda. Kandla is the only new port town established in the State.
In Gujarat a few new towns have been established since [[Indian independence]] in 1947. Most of these are more like settlements established near existing urban centres. Gandhidham, Sardarnagar and Kubernagar are three rehabilitation towns more of refugee settlements than self-sufficient towns. The last two now form part of the city of Ahmedabad. Ankaleswar and Mithapur were two of the earlier industrial towns established in Gujarat. A complex of three small townships for the oil refinery, the Fertilizer Factory and Petro-chemicals plant also came up near Baroda. Kandla is the only new port town established in the State.


Gujarat was hit with a devastating [[2001 Gujarat Earthquake |earthquake]] on [[January 26]], [[2001]] at 9:00am claiming a staggering 20,000 lives, injuring another 200,000 people and severely affecting the lives of 40 million Gujaratis. The economic and financial loss to Gujarat and India was deeply felt for years to come.
Gujarat was hit with a devastating [[2001 Gujarat Earthquake |earthquake]] on [[January 26]], [[2001]] at 9:00am claiming a staggering 20,000 lives, injuring another 200,000 people and severely affecting the lives of 40 million Gujaratis. The economic and financial loss to Gujarat and India was deeply felt for years to come.
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The next new capital for which reference is available is [[Vallabhi]] in [[Saurashtra]] about 33 km east of [[Bhavnagar]] probably at a place where the present day village of [[Vala]] exists. This was the capital of ‘[[Maitraka]]’ Kings and was established around 480 A.D. The Chinese traveler [[Hu-en-Tsang]] who visited [[Valabhi]], described it as spread over an area of 8 km <!-- surely this should be an area unit --> <!--and densely populated. The next reference to a Capital is of ‘'Bhinnamal'’ also known as ‘'Shrinal'’, Capital of ‘'Gujjardesh'’ also visited by Hu-en-Tsang. It had an area of about 25 km&sup2; with gates on all sides and storied residences within.
The next new capital for which reference is available is [[Vallabhi]] in [[Saurashtra]] about 33 km east of [[Bhavnagar]] probably at a place where the present day village of [[Vala]] exists. This was the capital of ‘[[Maitraka]]’ Kings and was established around 480 A.D. The Chinese traveler [[Hu-en-Tsang]] who visited [[Valabhi]], described it as spread over an area of 8 km <!-- surely this should be an area unit --> <!--and densely populated. The next reference to a Capital is of ‘'Bhinnamal'’ also known as ‘'Shrinal'’, Capital of ‘'Gujjardesh'’ also visited by Hu-en-Tsang. It had an area of about 25 km&sup2; with gates on all sides and storied residences within.


The next reference to a capital is to ‘Ashapalli’ or ‘Karnavati’ during the region of [[Solanki]] Kings in 1040 A.D. With the advent of [[Mughal]]s, [[Ahmedabad]] was established in the year 1411 A.D. and remained as the capital of the state until 1970, except for a brief period from around 1500 to 1525 A.D. when it was shifted to [[Champaner]].
The next reference to a capital is to ‘Ashapalli’ or ‘Karnavati’ during the region of [[Solanki]] Kings in 1040 A.D. With the advent of [[Mughal]]s, [[Ahmedabad]] was established in the year 1411 A.D. and remained as the capital of the state until 1970, except for a brief period from around 1500 to 1525 A.D. when it was shifted to [[Champaner]].


[[Gandhinagar]] was established as the new Capital of the State and became functional in 1970 with the shifting of the State Government offices there.
[[Gandhinagar]] was established as the new Capital of the State and became functional in 1970 with the shifting of the State Government offices there.
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The administration of the state is led by the Chief Minister.
The administration of the state is led by the Chief Minister.


After independence in 1947, the [[Indian National Congress]] party (INC) ruled the [[Bombay state]] (which included present-day Gujarat and [[Maharashtra]]). Congress continued to govern Gujarat after the state's creation in 1960. During and after India's [[State of Emergency in India|State of Emergency]] of 1975-1977, public support for the Congress Party eroded, but it continued to hold government until 1995. In the 1995 Assembly Polls, the Congress lost to the [[BJP]] and [[Keshubhai Patel]] came to power. His Government lasted only 2 years. The fall of that government was provoked by a split in the BJP led by [[Shankersinh Vaghela]]. BJP returned to power in 1998 state assembly polls and has won most of the subsequent polls. In 2001, following the loss of 2 assembly seats in [[by-election]]s, Keshubhai Patel resigned and handed over power to [[Narendra Modi]]. The BJP retained a majority in the 2002 election, and Narendra Modi has since served as Chief Minister of the state.
After independence in 1947, the [[Indian National Congress]] party (INC) ruled the [[Bombay state]] (which included present-day Gujarat and [[Maharashtra]]). Congress continued to govern Gujarat after the state's creation in 1960. During and after India's [[State of Emergency in India|State of Emergency]] of 1975-1977, public support for the Congress Party eroded, but it continued to hold government until 1995. In the 1995 Assembly Polls, the Congress lost to the [[BJP]] and [[Keshubhai Patel]] came to power. His Government lasted only 2 years. The fall of that government was provoked by a split in the BJP led by [[Shankersinh Vaghela]]. BJP returned to power in 1998 state assembly polls and has won most of the subsequent polls. In 2001, following the loss of 2 assembly seats in [[by-election]]s, Keshubhai Patel resigned and handed over power to [[Narendra Modi]]. The BJP retained a majority in the 2002 election, and Narendra Modi has since served as Chief Minister of the state.


As of 2004, key figures in Gujarat politics are:
As of 2004, key figures in Gujarat politics are:
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Also on the Gulf of Khambat, 50 kilometers southeast of [[Bhavnagar]], is the [[Alang Ship Recycling Yard]], the world's largest.
Also on the Gulf of Khambat, 50 kilometers southeast of [[Bhavnagar]], is the [[Alang Ship Recycling Yard]], the world's largest.


[[Anand]] is host to [[Amul]] dairy, one of the largest milk product producers of the world. Gujarat is the largest producer of milk in India.
[[Anand]] is host to [[Amul]] dairy, one of the largest milk product producers of the world. Gujarat is the largest producer of milk in India.


[[Reliance Industries Limited]] was founded by one of Gujarat's most respected industrialists, the late [[Dhirubhai Ambani]].
[[Reliance Industries Limited]] was founded by one of Gujarat's most respected industrialists, the late [[Dhirubhai Ambani]].
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-->
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== Demografi ==
== Demografi ==
{{Pie chart|caption=Agama di Gujarat (2011)<ref>[https://www.findeasy.in/gujarat-population-by-religion/]</ref>|label5=[[Sikhisme]]|color8=Black|label8=Tidak tahu|value7=0.03|color7=White|label7=Lainnya|color6=Yellow|value6=0.05|label6=[[Agama Buddha|Buddha]]|color5=DarkKhaki|value5=0.10|color4=Dodgerblue|label1=[[Agama Hindu|Hindu]]|value4=0.52|label4=[[Kekristenan|Kristen]]|color3=Brown|value3=0.96|label3=[[Jainisme]]|color2=Green|value2=9.67|label2=[[Islam]]|color1=DarkOrange|value1=88.57|value8=0.10}}

{| class="wikitable"
Bahasa utama yang digunakan adalah [[bahasa Gujarat]]. Mayoritas penduduknya adalah [[Hindu]], dengan pengikut [[Islam]] yang cukup banyak, juga [[Jainisme]], [[Zoroastrianisme]], dan [[Kristen]].
|+Populasi keagamaan

!Agama
Karena Gujarat merupakan salah satu kawasan terindustrialisasi, maka dia menarik banyak pendatang asing, terutama dari Utara India, [[Bihar]], dan [[India Selatan]].
!Populasi

<!--
|-
|Hindu
== Communal Harmony ==
|53.533.988

|-
{{sectionclean}}
|Muslim

|5.846.761
Some parts of Gujarat have witnessed sectarian violence from time to time.
|-
In 1946, Riots were triggered by a Muslim league's call for direct action.
|Jainisme
In 1969, Major riots brike out after an attack on Jagannath Temple Rath Yatra.
|579.654
In 1986, the Anti-Reservation movement sparked riots which lasted for months.
|-
One of the most gruesome events, the Dabgaardvaad massacre in which a Hindu home was
|Kristen
burned, killing all members inside, occurred during that period.
|316.178
In 2002, Riots were triggered by attack on train by a mob (Muslim) in godhra killing 59 Hindu pilgrims including
|-
25 women and 14 children. As per the information presented in [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] by Junior [[Home Minister]] Sriprakash Jaiswal of the [[Congress Party]], 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus perished in the riots; 223 more were reported missing. [http://us.rediff.com/news/2005/may/11guj.htm][http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1106699.cms]. [http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engasa200012005].
|Sikhisme
The Gujarat government led by Chief Minister [[Narendra Modi]] was heavily criticized by Human Rights groups for its inability and perceievd inaction in regards to providing protection from extreme-right Hindu fanatics to Gujarat's Muslim minority. As per the NHRC mandated reports, the state incurred Rs. 204.62 crore towards relief and rehabilatation measures. (''See also [[2002 Gujarat violence]]'')
|58.246
-->
|-
|Buddha
|30.483
|-
|Lainnya
|16.480
|-
|Tidak tahu
|57.902
|}


== Pariwisata ==
== Pariwisata ==
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== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/pastcm.htm Chief Ministers of Gujarat]
* [http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/pastcm.htm Chief Ministers of Gujarat] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121218184123/http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/pastcm.htm |date=2012-12-18 }}


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.gujaratindia.com/ Official portal of Gujarat Government]
* [http://www.gujaratindia.com/ Official portal of Gujarat Government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002114706/http://www.gujaratindia.com/ |date=2018-10-02 }}
* [http://www.gujarat.com/ Portal of Gujarat]
* [http://www.gujarat.com/ Portal of Gujarat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607110313/https://gujarat.com/ |date=2023-06-07 }}
* [http://www.webindia123.com/GUJARAT/history/history.htm History of Gujarat]
* [http://www.webindia123.com/GUJARAT/history/history.htm History of Gujarat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207034706/http://webindia123.com/GUJARAT/history/history.htm |date=2009-02-07 }}
* [http://www.1upindia.com/states/gujarat/history.html More information about history of Gujarat]
* [http://www.1upindia.com/states/gujarat/history.html More information about history of Gujarat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519214341/http://www.1upindia.com/states/gujarat/history.html |date=2006-05-19 }}
* [http://www.hostkingdom.net/india.html#Gujarat List of rulers of Gujarat]
* [http://www.hostkingdom.net/india.html#Gujarat List of rulers of Gujarat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629153707/http://www.hostkingdom.net/india.html#Gujarat |date=2007-06-29 }}
* [http://search.gujarat.com/ Website Directory of Gujarat ]
* [http://search.gujarat.com/ Website Directory of Gujarat ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050403172607/http://search.gujarat.com/ |date=2005-04-03 }}
* [http://www.aau.in Anand Agricultural University]
* [http://www.aau.in Anand Agricultural University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827050359/http://www.aau.in/ |date=2019-08-27 }}
* [http://www.jau.in Junagadh Agricultural University]
* [http://www.jau.in Junagadh Agricultural University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925041111/http://www.jau.in/ |date=2008-09-25 }}
* [http://www.nau.in Navsari Agricultural University]
* [http://www.nau.in Navsari Agricultural University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515070244/http://www.nau.in/ |date=2019-05-15 }}
* [http://www.sdau.in Sardar Krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University]
* [http://www.sdau.in Sardar Krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721071025/http://www.sdau.in/ |date=2023-07-21 }}


{{India}}
{{India}}

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[[Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India]]
[[Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India]]



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[[be-x-old:Гуджарат]]
[[bg:Гуджарат]]
[[bh:गुजरात]]
[[bn:গুজরাত]]
[[bo:གྷུ་ཇ་རཱཏ།]]
[[bpy:গুজরাত]]
[[br:Gujarat]]
[[ca:Gujarat]]
[[cs:Gudžarát]]
[[cy:Gujarat]]
[[da:Gujarat]]
[[de:Gujarat]]
[[dv:ގުޖުރާތު]]
[[el:Γκουτζαράτ]]
[[en:Gujarat]]
[[eo:Guĝarato]]
[[es:Guyarat]]
[[et:Gujarāt]]
[[eu:Gujarat]]
[[fa:گجرات]]
[[fi:Gujarat]]
[[fr:Gujarat]]
[[ga:An Ghúisearáit]]
[[gu:ગુજરાત]]
[[he:גוג'אראט]]
[[hi:गुजरात]]
[[hif:Gujarat]]
[[hr:Gujarat]]
[[hsb:Gudźarat]]
[[hu:Gudzsarát]]
[[is:Gujarat]]
[[it:Gujarat]]
[[ja:グジャラート州]]
[[ka:გუჯარათი]]
[[kn:ಗುಜರಾತ್]]
[[ko:구자라트 주]]
[[la:Gujarat]]
[[lez:Гуджарат]]
[[lt:Gudžaratas]]
[[lv:Gudžarāta]]
[[mg:Gujarat]]
[[mk:Гуџарат]]
[[ml:ഗുജറാത്ത്‌]]
[[mr:गुजरात]]
[[ms:Gujarat]]
[[ne:गुजरात]]
[[new:गुजरात]]
[[nl:Gujarat]]
[[nn:Gujarat]]
[[no:Gujarat]]
[[oc:Gujarat]]
[[or:ଗୁଜରାଟ]]
[[os:Гуджарат]]
[[pam:Gujarat]]
[[pl:Gudźarat]]
[[pnb:گجرات (پعارت)]]
[[pt:Guzerate]]
[[ro:Gujarat]]
[[ru:Гуджарат]]
[[sa:गुजरातराज्यम्]]
[[sd:گوجارات]]
[[sh:Gujarat]]
[[si:ගුජරාටය]]
[[simple:Gujarat]]
[[sk:Gudžarát]]
[[sr:Гуџарат]]
[[sv:Gujarat]]
[[sw:Gujarat]]
[[ta:குசராத்]]
[[te:గుజరాత్]]
[[tg:Гуҷарот]]
[[th:รัฐคุชราต]]
[[tk:Güjerat]]
[[tr:Gucerat]]
[[ug:گۇجارات]]
[[uk:Гуджарат]]
[[ur:گجرات (بھارت)]]
[[vec:Gujarat]]
[[vi:Gujarat]]
[[war:Gujarat]]
[[yo:Gujarat]]
[[zh:古吉拉特邦]]
[[zh-min-nan:Gujarat]]

Revisi terkini sejak 16 September 2023 10.49

Gujarat
Peta India dengan letak Gujarat ditandai.
Peta India dengan letak Gujarat ditandai.
Ibu kota
 - Koordinat 		Gandhinagar
 - 23°02′N 72°35′E / 23.03°N 72.58°E / 23.03; 72.58
Kota terbesar Ahmedabad
Populasi (2011)
 - Kepadatan 		60.439.692 (Ke-10)
 - 308/km²
Area
 - Distrik 		196.024 km² (Ke-7)
 - 25
Zona waktu UTC +5:30
Pembentukan
 - Gubernur
 - Ketua Menteri
 - Legislatif (kursi) 		1 Mei 1960
 - Nawal Kishore Sharma
 - Narendra Modi
 - Unikameral (182)
Bahasa resmi Gujarati
Singkatan (ISO) IN-GJ

Gujarat (bahasa Gujarati: ગુજરાત, Burmese : ဂူဂျာရာတ် ) adalah negara bagian India dan paling terindustrialisasi setelah Maharashtra dan terletak di barat India, berbatasan dengan Pakistan di barat laut dan Rajasthan di utara. Ibu kotanya adalah Gandhinagar, sebuah kota terencana dekat Ahmedabad, bekas ibu kota negara bagian dan pusat komersial Gujarat.

Negara bagian Gujarat diciptakan pada 1 Mei 1960. Gujarat telah menjadi negara bagian dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi tercepat di negara India; pada 2002, Gujarat memiliki pendapatan per kapita rata-rata Rs 7.500 (1992) dibandingkan dengan Rs 6.400 di negara-negara bagian lainnya.

Pada 2002 Gujarat dilanda kerusuhan massa.

Divisi administratif Gujarat

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Artikel utama: Distrik Gujarat

Gujarat terdiri dari 25 distrik, yaitu:

Ahmedabad | Amreli | Anand | Banaskantha | Bharuch | Bhavnagar | Dahod | Dang | Gandhinagar | Jamnagar | Junagadh | Kheda | Kutch | Mehsana | Narmada | Navsari | Panchmahal | Patan | Porbandar | Rajkot | Sabarkantha | Surat | Surendranagar | Vadodara | Valsad

Geografi

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Gujarat merupakan negara bagian paling barat India. Dia berbatasan dengan Laut Arabia di barat, dengan negara bagian Rajasthan di utara dan timur laut, oleh Madhya Pradesh di timur, dan oleh Maharashtra di selatan dan tenggara.

Iklimnya kebanyakan kering dan banyak padang gurun di barat laut.

Gujarat memiliki panjang pesisir sekitar 1600 km, pesisir terpanjang yang dimiliki oleh seluruh negara bagian India. Di pesisir ini terdapat Teluk Kutch dan Teluk Cambay.

Kota-kota utama di Gujarat adalah Ahmedabad, Vadodara (Baroda), Surat, dan Rajkot. Ahmedabad adalah kota terbesar di negara bagian tersebut dan ke-6 terbesar di India. Kota penting lainnya di selatan Gujarat adalah Nadiad, Jamnagar, Ankleshwar, Bharuch, Navsari, Vapi, dan Valsad; di utara adalah Bhuj dan Dwarka.

Di Gujarat juga terdapat beberapa Taman Nasional, termasuk Taman Nasional Gir Forest (Girnar), dekat Junagadh, Taman Nasional Velavadar di Distrik Bhavnagar, Taman Nasional Vandsa di Distrik Bulser, Taman Nasional Marine di Teluk Kutch di Distrik Jamnagar. Singa Asia yang masih tersisa, terkenal karena bulu lehernya yang berwarna hitam gelap, terdapat di Girnar.

Ada juga beberapa "sanctuary" kehidupan liar dan perlindungan alam, termasuk Anjal, Balaram-Ambaji, Barda, Jambughoda, Jessore, Kachchh Desert, Khavda, Nal Sarovar, Narayan Sarovar, Paniya, Purna, Rampura, Ratanmahal, dan Schoolpaneshwar.

Demografi

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Agama di Gujarat (2011)[1]

  Hindu (88.57%)
  Islam (9.67%)
  Jainisme (0.96%)
  Kristen (0.52%)
  Sikhisme (0.10%)
  Buddha (0.05%)
  Lainnya (0.03%)
  Tidak tahu (0.10%)
Populasi keagamaan
Agama Populasi
Hindu 53.533.988
Muslim 5.846.761
Jainisme 579.654
Kristen 316.178
Sikhisme 58.246
Buddha 30.483
Lainnya 16.480
Tidak tahu 57.902

Pariwisata

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Tujuan utama pariwisatanya termasuk Palitana, Diu, Kutch, Jamnagar, Junagadh, dan Rajkot.

Referensi

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  1. ^ [1]

Pranala luar

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Artikel bertopik geografi atau tempat India ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Gujarat&oldid=24244447"