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Politeisme: Perbedaan antara revisi

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===Kekristenan===
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[[Jordan Paper]], a Western scholar who calls himself polytheistic, considers polytheism to be the normal state in human culture. Even the Catholic Church shows polytheistic aspects with the worshipping of the saints. On the other hand, he complains, monotheistic missionaries and scholars were eager to see a proto-monotheism or at least henotheism in polytheistic religions, for example, when taking from the Chinese pair of Sky and Earth only one part and call it the ''King of Heaven'', as [[Matteo Ricci]] did.<ref>Jordan Paper: The Deities are Many. A Polytheistic Theology. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005, pp. 112 and 133.</ref>
[[Jordan Paper]], a Western scholar who calls himself polytheistic, considers polytheism to be the normal state in human culture. Even the Catholic Church shows polytheistic aspects with the worshipping of the saints. On the other hand, he complains, monotheistic missionaries and scholars were eager to see a proto-monotheism or at least henotheism in polytheistic religions, for example, when taking from the Chinese pair of Sky and Earth only one part and call it the ''King of Heaven'', as [[Matteo Ricci]] did.<ref>Jordan Paper: The Deities are Many. A Polytheistic Theology. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005, pp. 112 and 133.</ref>
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===Mormonisme===
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[[Joseph Smith]], the founder of the [[Latter Day Saint movement]], believed in "the plurality of Gods", saying "I have always declared God to be a distinct personage, Jesus Christ a separate and distinct personage from God the Father, and that the Holy Ghost was a distinct personage and a Spirit: and these three constitute three distinct personages and three Gods".<ref>http://eom.byu.edu/index.php/Godhead</ref> Mormonism also affirms the existence of a [[Heavenly Mother (Mormonism)|Heavenly Mother]],<ref>http://eom.byu.edu/index.php/Heavenly_Mother</ref> as well as [[Exaltation (Mormonism)|exaltation]], the idea that people can become gods in the afterlife.<ref>https://www.lds.org/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/132.20?lang=eng#19</ref>
[[Joseph Smith]], the founder of the [[Latter Day Saint movement]], believed in "the plurality of Gods", saying "I have always declared God to be a distinct personage, Jesus Christ a separate and distinct personage from God the Father, and that the Holy Ghost was a distinct personage and a Spirit: and these three constitute three distinct personages and three Gods".<ref>http://eom.byu.edu/index.php/Godhead</ref> Mormonism also affirms the existence of a [[Heavenly Mother (Mormonism)|Heavenly Mother]],<ref>http://eom.byu.edu/index.php/Heavenly_Mother</ref> as well as [[Exaltation (Mormonism)|exaltation]], the idea that people can become gods in the afterlife.<ref>https://www.lds.org/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/132.20?lang=eng#19</ref>

Revisi per 11 Juni 2016 16.06

Dewa-dewi Mesir pada Museum Sejarah Alam Carnegie

Politeisme adalah bentuk kepercayaan yang mengakui adanya lebih dari satu Tuhan. Secara harfiah berasal dari bahasa Yunani poly + theoi, yang berarti banyak tuhan. Lawan dari paham ini adalah monoteisme, atau kepercayaan yang hanya mengakui satu Tuhan.


Terminologi

Politeisme barasal dari bahasa Yunani πολύ poly ("banyak") and θεός theos ("Tuhan") dan istilah ini pertama kali dipakai oleh penulis Yahudi Philo dari Alexandria untuk membantah orang-orang Yunani. Saat penyebaran agama Kristen diseluruh Eropa and Mediterania, bangsa ataupun agama non-Yahudi dianggap kafir (istilah yang lazim dipakai orang yahudi ke orang non-Yahudi) atau penyambah berhala (setempat) atau, in a clearly pejorative idolaters (worshiping "false" gods). The modern usage of the term is first revived in French through Jean Bodin in 1580, followed by Samuel Purchas's usage in English in 1614.[2]

Para dewa dan ketuhanan

Para dewa politeisme sering digambarkan sebagai tokoh yang kompleks dari status yang lebih besar atau lebih kecil, dengan keterampilan individu, kebutuhan, keinginan, dan sejarah; dalam banyak hal mirip dengan manusia (antropomorfik) dalam kepribadian mereka, tetapi dengan tambahan masing-masing kekuatan, kemampuan, pengetahuan atau persepsi. Syirik tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan bersih dari kepercayaan animisme lazim di kebanyakan agama rakyat. Para dewa politeisme dalam banyak kasus urutan tertinggi dari kontinum makhluk gaib atau roh, yang mungkin termasuk nenek moyang, setan, wight dan lain-lain. Dalam beberapa kasus roh ini dibagi ke dalam kelas langit atau chthonic, dan keyakinan akan keberadaan semua makhluk ini tidak berarti bahwa semua disembah.

Jenis-jenis dewa

Types of deities often found in polytheism may include

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Mitologi dan agama

Politeisme historikal

Yunani kuno

Agama rakyat.

Agama-agama kontemporer dunia

Budhisme dan Shinto

Mormonisme

Hinduisme

Agama Serer

Neopaganisme

Wicca

Rekonstruksionisme

Lihat pula

Referensi

Bacaan lain

  • Assmann, Jan, 'Monotheism and Polytheism' in: Sarah Iles Johnston (ed.), Religions of the Ancient World: A Guide, Harvard University Press (2004), ISBN 0-674-01517-7, pp. 17–31.
  • Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical, Blackwell (1985), ISBN 0-631-15624-0.
  • Greer, John Michael; A World Full of Gods: An Inquiry Into Polytheism, ADF Publishing (2005), ISBN 0-9765681-0-1
  • Iles Johnston, Sarah; Ancient Religions, Belknap Press (September 15, 2007), ISBN 0-674-02548-2
  • Marbaniang, Domenic Epistemics of Divine Reality Google Books (See Chapter 3 Empirical Epistemics of Divine Reality for philosophical analysis of polytheism)
  • Paper, Jordan; The Deities are Many: A Polytheistic Theology, State University of New York Press (March 3, 2005), ISBN 978-0-7914-6387-1
  • Penchansky, David, Twilight of the Gods: Polytheism in the Hebrew Bible (2005), ISBN 0-664-22885-2.
  • Swarup, R., & Frawley, D. (2001). The word as revelation: Names of gods. New Delhi: Voice of India.

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