Masjid Al-Azhar: Perbedaan antara revisi

Masjid Al-Azhar
*الجامع الأزهر*
Masjid Al-Azhar; الجامع الأزهر
	Wikipedia \| Kode sumber \| Tata penggunaan Koordinat: 30°2′45.128″N 31°15′45.911″E / 30.04586889°N 31.26275306°E Wikipedia \| Kode sumber \| Tata penggunaan Koordinat: 30°2′45.128″N 31°15′45.911″E / 30.04586889°N 31.26275306°E
Agama
Afiliasi	Islam – Sunni
Provinsi	Kairo
Lokasi
Lokasi	Kairo
Negara	Mesir
Arsitektur
Tipe	Masjid
Gaya arsitektur	Fatimiyah
Didirikan	972
Spesifikasi
Kapasitas	20,000
Kubah	3
Menara	4

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif

← Revisi sebelumnya Revisi selanjutnya →

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

VisualTeks wiki

Sebaris

Revisi per 1 Maret 2023 19.33

Masjid Al-Azhar (bahasa Arab: الجامع الأزهر, translit. al-Jāmiʿ al-ʾAzhar, har. 'Masjid Menawan', bahasa Arab Mesir: جامع الأزهر), atau lebih yang dikenal dengan Kompleks Masjid Al-Azhar, adalah sebuah kompleks masjid dan universitas yang berada di kota Kairo, Provinsi Kairo, Mesir. Masjid ini dibangun atas perintah Jawhar al-Siqilli, tak lama setelah Kairo^[1] didirikan sebagai ibu kota baru Kekhalifahan Fathimiyah pada tahun 970.^[2] Masjid ini merupakan masjid pertama yang didirikan di Kairo.^[3] Nama masjid ini biasanya dianggap berasal dari kata az-Zahrāʾ ("yang bersinar"), gelar yang diberikan kepada Fatimah az-Zahra, putri Nabi Muhammad.^[4]

Namun setelah peresmiannya pada tahun 972, dan dengan pengangkatan 35 ulama oleh otoritas masjid pada tahun 989, masjid ini perlahan berkembang dan ditandai dengan adanya universitas tertua kedua di dunia, Universitas Al-Azhar.^[5] Universitas ini telah lama dianggap sebagai lembaga terkemuka di dunia Islam untuk studi teologi Sunni dan syariat Islam.^[6]^[7]

Referensi

^ Beattie, Andrew (2005). Cairo: A Cultural History (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517892-0.
^ Winter, Michael (1992). Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517-1798 (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-02403-7.
^ Abdo, Geneive (2002-10-24). No God but God: Egypt and the Triumph of Islam (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-802901-4.
^ Rabbat 1996, hlm. 53.
^ Al-Azhar The Brilliant: The Spiritual Home of Islam" (dalam bahasa Inggris). Dodd, Mead and Company. 1907.
^ Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (1992). Islamic Architecture in Cairo: An Introduction (dalam bahasa Inggris). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-09626-4.
^ Lulat, Y. G.-M. (2005). A History of African Higher Education from Antiquity to the Present: A Critical Synthesis (dalam bahasa Inggris). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-32061-3.

Pranala luar

Abdo, Geneive (2002), No God But God: Egypt and the Triumph of Islam, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-515793-2
Abu Zayd, Nasr Hamid; Amirpur, Katajun; Setiawan, Mohamad Nur Kholis (2006), Reformation of Islamic thought: a critical historical analysis, Amsterdam University Press, ISBN 978-90-5356-828-6
Aburish, Said K. (2004), Nasser, the Last Arab, St. Martin's Press, ISBN 978-0-312-28683-5
Asprey, Robert B. (2000), The rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, Basic Books, ISBN 978-0-465-04881-6
Barraclough, Steven (1998), "Al-Azhar: Between the Government and the Islamists", Middle East Journal, Middle East Institute, 52 (2): 236–249, JSTOR 4329188
Beattie, Andrew (2005), Cairo: a cultural history, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-517893-7
Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (1992), Islamic Architecture in Cairo (edisi ke-2nd), Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-09626-4
Binder, Leonard (1988), Islamic liberalism: a critique of development ideologies, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-05147-5
Blair, Sheila (2000), "Decorations of city walls in the medieval Islamic world: The epigraphic message", dalam Tracy, James D., City walls: the urban enceinte in global perspective, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-65221-6
Bloom, Jonathan (1988), "The Introduction of the Muqarnas into Egypt", dalam Grabar, Oleg, Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture, 5, Brill, hlm. 21–28, ISBN 978-90-04-08647-0
Bloom, Jonathan (2007), "Ceremonial and Sacred Space in Early Fatimid Cairo", dalam Bennison, Amira K.; Gascoigne, Alison L., Cities in the pre-modern Islamic world, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42439-4
Brown, Nathan (September 2011), Post-revolutionary al-Azhar (PDF), The Carnegie Papers, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Creswell, K. A. C. (1952), The Muslim Architecture of Egypt I, Ikhshids and Fatimids, A.D. 939–1171, Clarendon Press
Creswell, K. A. C. (1959), The Muslim Architecture of Egypt II, Ayyubids and Early Bahrite Mamluks, A.D. 1171–1326, Clarendon Press
Daftary, Farhad (1998), A short history of the Ismailis: traditions of a Muslim community, Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 978-1-55876-194-0
Dodge, Bayard (1961), Al-Azhar: A Millennium of Muslim learning, Middle East Institute
Dwyer, Philip G. (2008), Napoleon: the path to power, Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-13754-5
Flower, Raymond (1976), Napoleon to Nasser: the story of modern Egypt, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-0-905562-00-1
Goldschmidt, Arthur (2000), Biographical dictionary of modern Egypt, Lynne Rienner Publishers, ISBN 978-1-55587-229-8
Ghazzal, Zuhair (2005), "The 'Ulema': Status and Function", dalam Choueiri, Youssef, A companion to the history of the Middle East, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 978-1-4051-0681-8
Gottheil, Richard (1907), "Al-Azhar The Brilliant: The Spiritual Home of Islam", The Bookman, Dodd, Mead and Company
Heyworth-Dunne, James (1938), "Arabic Literature in Egypt in the Eighteenth Century with Some Reference to the Poetry and Poets", Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, Cambridge University Press, 9 (3): 675–689, doi:10.1017/s0041977x00078447, JSTOR 608229
Hitti, Philip Khuri (1973), Capital cities of Arab Islam, University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 978-0-8166-0663-4
Holt, Peter Malcolm; Lambton, Ann; Lewis, Bernard, ed. (1977), The Cambridge History of Islam, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29138-5
Izre'el, Shlomo; Raz, Shlomo (1996), Studies in modern Semitic languages, Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-10646-8
Lulat, Y. G-M. (2005), A history of African higher education from antiquity to the present: a critical synthesis, Praeger Publishers, ISBN 978-0-313-32061-3
McGregor, Andrew James (2006), A military history of modern Egypt: from the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-275-98601-8
Petersen, Andrew (2002), Dictionary of Islamic Architecture, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-203-20387-3
Petry, Carl F.; Daly, M. W., ed. (1998), The Cambridge history of Egypt, 1, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-47137-4
Rabbat, Nasser (1996), "Al-Azhar Mosque: An Architectural Chronicle of Cairo's History", dalam Necipogulu, Gulru, Muqarnas- An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World, 13, Brill, hlm. 45–67, ISBN 978-90-04-10633-8
Rahman, Fazlur (1984), Islam & modernity: transformation of an intellectual tradition, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-70284-1
Raymond, André (2000), Cairo, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-00316-3
Richmond, John C. B. (1977), Egypt, 1798–1952: her advance towards a modern identity, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-0-416-85660-6
Rivoira, Giovanni Teresio; Rushforth, Gordon McNeil (1918), Moslem architecture, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-87817-136-1
Russell, Dorothea (1962), Medieval Cairo and the Monasteries of the Wādi Natrūn, Weidenfeld & Nicolson
Shillington, Kevin, ed. (2005), Encyclopedia of African history, CRC Press, ISBN 978-1-57958-453-5
Siddiqi, Muhammad (2007), Arab culture and the novel: genre, identity and agency in Egyptian fiction, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-77260-0
Skovgaard-Petersen, Jakob (1997), Defining Islam for the Egyptian state: muftis and fatwas of the Dār al-Iftā, Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-10947-6
Summerfield, Carol; Devine, Mary; Levi, Anthony, ed. (1998), International Dictionary of University Histories, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-1-884964-23-7
Tibi, Bassam (2006), "Egypt as a Model of Development for the World of Islam", dalam Harrison, Lawrence E.; Berger, Peter, Developing cultures: case studies, CRC Press, ISBN 978-0-415-95280-4
Viorst, Milton (2001), In the shadow of the Prophet: the struggle for the soul of Islam, Westview Press, ISBN 978-0-8133-3902-3
Voll, John Obert (1994), Islam, continuity and change in the modern world: Contemporary issues in the Middle East, Syracuse University Press, ISBN 978-0-8156-2639-8
Watson, William E. (2003), Tricolor and crescent: France and the Islamic world; Perspectives on the twentieth century, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-275-97470-1
Williams, Caroline (2002), Islamic Monuments in Cairo, American University in Cairo Press, ISBN 978-977-424-695-1
Winter, Michael (2004), Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517–1798, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-203-16923-0
Yeomans, Richard (2006), The art and architecture of Islamic Cairo, Garnet & Ithaca Press, ISBN 978-1-85964-154-5
Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2002), The ulama in contemporary Islam: custodians of change, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-09680-3
Zeghal, Malika (1999), "Religion and Politics in Egypt; The Ulema of al-Azhar, Radical Islam, and the State (1952-94)", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Cambridge University Press, 31 (3): 371–399, doi:10.1017/s0020743800055483, JSTOR 176217
Zeghal, Malika (2007), "The "Recentering" of Religious Knowledge and Discourse: The Case of al-Azhar in Twentieth-Century Egypt", dalam Hefner, Robert W.; Zaman, Muhammad Qasim, Schooling Islam: the culture and politics of modern Muslim education, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-12933-4

[1] Beattie, Andrew (2005). Cairo: A Cultural History (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517892-0.

[2] Winter, Michael (1992). Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517-1798 (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-02403-7.

[3] Abdo, Geneive (2002-10-24). No God but God: Egypt and the Triumph of Islam (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-802901-4.

[FOOTNOTERabbat199653-4] Rabbat 1996, hlm. 53.

[5] Al-Azhar The Brilliant: The Spiritual Home of Islam" (dalam bahasa Inggris). Dodd, Mead and Company. 1907.

[6] Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (1992). Islamic Architecture in Cairo: An Introduction (dalam bahasa Inggris). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-09626-4.

[7] Lulat, Y. G.-M. (2005). A History of African Higher Education from Antiquity to the Present: A Critical Synthesis (dalam bahasa Inggris). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-32061-3.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
 {{about|masjid di Mesir|masjid di Jakarta, Indonesia|Masjid Al-Azhar Jakarta|kegunaan lain|Al-Azhar}}
 {{Infobox religious building
-|name = Masjid al-Azhar
+| name = Masjid Al-Azhar<br>''الجامع الأزهر''
+| image = Cairo - Islamic district - Al Azhar Mosque and University.JPG
-|native_name = جامع الأزهر
+| image_size = 265px
-|image = Cairo - Islamic district - Al Azhar Mosque and University.JPG
-|image_size = 220px
+| caption =
+| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]] – [[Sunni]]
-|alt = Pandangan dari luar Masjid Al-Azhar. Empat menara dan tigs kubah dapat terlihat
+| location = [[Kairo]]
-|caption = Pandangan dari luar Masjid Al-Azhar. Dari kiri ke kanan terlihat menara al-Ghuri, Qaytbay, Aqbaghawiyya, dan Katkhuda
+| province = [[Kegubernuran Kairo|Kairo]]
-|map_type = Egypt
+| country = {{flag|Mesir}}
-|map_size = 250
+| established = [[972]]
-|map_caption = Lokasi di Mesir
+| architecture =
-|coordinates = {{coord|30.0457|31.2627|display=inline,title}}
-|religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
+| architecture_type = [[Masjid]]
+| architecture_style = [[Arsitektur Fatimiyah|Fatimiyah]]
-|location = [[Kairo]], [[Mesir]]
-|established = 972
-|tradition = [[Sunni]]<ref group=note>Between 972 and 1171 CE, al-Azhar followed the [[Ismailism|Ismaili]] branch of [[Shia Islam]]</ref>
-|leadership = ''Imam:''<br/>[[Mohamed Ahmed el-Tayeb]]
-|architecture_type = Masjid
-|architecture_style = [[Masjid|Masjid Hipostil]], [[Arsitektur Fatimiyah|Fatimiyah]]
 |capacity = 20,000
+| dome_quantity = 3
-|site_area = {{convert|7800|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
-|minaret_quantity = 4
+| minaret_quantity = 4
+| website =
-|footnotes = {{reflist|group=note}}
-|website =
 }}
-[[Berkas:Cairo - Islamic district - Al Azhar Mosque and University.JPG|jmpl|250px|ka|Masjid Al-Azhar dilihat dari luar. Dari kiri ke kanan menara ''al-Ghuri, Qaytbay, Aqbaghawiyya,'' dan ''Katkhuda''.]]
-'''Masjid Al-Azhar''' ({{lang-ar|جامع الأزهر}} {{lang|ar-Latn|'' jami' al-'Azhar''}}, masjid yang gemilang) <!--atau sering juga disebut '''Masjid Kampus Universitas Al-Azhar''':  Referensi?? -->adalah sebuah [[masjid]] yang dibangun oleh Panglima [[Jauhar Assiqilli]] di [[Kairo]] antara tahun 359-361 Hijriyah atau [[970]]-[[972]] [[Masehi]] atas perintah [[khalifah]] [[Muiz Lidinillah]], dari [[Fathimiyah|Daulat Fatimiah]]. Masjid ini adalah masjid [[Islam]] yang paling terkenal sekaligus masjid kampus terbesar.
+'''Masjid Al-Azhar''' ({{lang-ar|''الجامع الأزهر''|al-Jāmiʿ al-ʾAzhar|lit=''Masjid Menawan''}}, {{lang-arz|''جامع الأزهر''|Gāmiʿ el-ʾazhar}}), atau lebih yang dikenal dengan '''Kompleks Masjid Al-Azhar''', adalah sebuah kompleks [[masjid]] dan [[universitas]] yang berada di kota [[Kairo]], [[Kegubernuran Kairo|Provinsi Kairo]], [[Mesir]]. Masjid ini dibangun atas perintah [[:en:Jawhar (general)|Jawhar al-Siqilli]], tak lama setelah [[Kairo]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Beattie|first=Andrew|date=2005|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=XIU93l91H1sC&redir_esc=y|title=Cairo: A Cultural History|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517892-0|language=en}}</ref> didirikan sebagai ibu kota baru [[Kekhalifahan Fathimiyah]] pada tahun [[970]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Winter|first=Michael|date=1992|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=cpRXQtbyCokC&redir_esc=y|title=Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517-1798|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-02403-7|language=en}}</ref> Masjid ini merupakan masjid pertama yang didirikan di Kairo.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Abdo|first=Geneive|date=2002-10-24|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Uv8znbxAoDMC&redir_esc=y|title=No God but God: Egypt and the Triumph of Islam|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-802901-4|language=en}}</ref> Nama masjid ini biasanya dianggap berasal dari kata ''az-Zahrāʾ'' ("yang bersinar"), gelar yang diberikan kepada [[Fatimah az-Zahra]], putri [[Muhammad|Nabi Muhammad]].{{sfn|Rabbat|1996|p=53}}
-Masjid ini dinamakan Al-Azhar sebagai isyarat kepada Zahra, julukan [[Fatimah az-Zahra]], putri [[Muhammad|Rasulullah]] {{saw}}.
+Namun setelah peresmiannya pada tahun [[972]], dan dengan pengangkatan 35 [[ulama]] oleh otoritas masjid pada tahun [[989]], masjid ini perlahan berkembang dan ditandai dengan adanya universitas tertua kedua di dunia, [[Universitas Al-Azhar]].<ref>{{Cite book|date=1907|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=TFEDAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y|title=Al-Azhar The Brilliant: The Spiritual Home of Islam"|publisher=Dodd, Mead and Company|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Universitas ini telah lama dianggap sebagai lembaga terkemuka di [[dunia Islam]] untuk studi [[Sunni|teologi Sunni]] dan [[syariat Islam]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Behrens-Abouseif|first=Doris|date=1992|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=INsmT6zjAl8C&redir_esc=y|title=Islamic Architecture in Cairo: An Introduction|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-09626-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lulat|first=Y. G.-M.|date=2005|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=L2iQVUhGSoQC&redir_esc=y|title=A History of African Higher Education from Antiquity to the Present: A Critical Synthesis|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32061-3|language=en}}</ref>
-Pada masa [[Mamluk|Daulat Mamalik]], untuk pertama kali masjid ini berfungsi sebagai [[universitas]] dan pada tahun [[1961]] berubah menjadi universitas modern yang memiliki beberapa fakultas. Al-Azhar dianggap sebagai poros pemikiran Islam, [[politik]] dan ilmu-ilmu agama di Mesir dan dunia Islam. Mesjid ini memiliki lima menara dengan bermacam-macam tipe dan tiga mimbar. Di dalamnya terdapat perpustakaan yang sangat besar.
 == Referensi ==
-{{refbegin}}
+{{ref-list}}
+== Pranala luar ==
+[[Kategori: Masjid di Mesir]]
 * {{citation|last=Abdo|first=Geneive|author-link=Geneive Abdo|title=No God But God: Egypt and the Triumph of Islam|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2002|isbn=978-0-19-515793-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uv8znbxAoDMC&printsec=frontcover}}
 * {{citation|last1=Abu Zayd|first1=Nasr Hamid|last2=Amirpur|first2=Katajun|last3=Setiawan|first3=Mohamad Nur Kholis|author1-link=Nasr Abu Zayd|author2-link=Katajun Amirpur| title=Reformation of Islamic thought: a critical historical analysis|publisher=[[Amsterdam University Press]]|year=2006|isbn=978-90-5356-828-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0UZc_Yvle_AC&printsec=frontcover}}
@@ Baris 82: / Baris 77: @@
 * {{citation|last=Zeghal|first=Malika|author-link=Malika Zeghal|title=Religion and Politics in Egypt; The Ulema of al-Azhar, Radical Islam, and the State (1952-94)|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|volume=31|issue=3|year=1999|pages=371–399|publisher=Cambridge University Press|jstor=176217|doi=10.1017/s0020743800055483}}
 * {{citation|last=Zeghal|first=Malika|author-link=Malika Zeghal|chapter=The "Recentering" of Religious Knowledge and Discourse: The Case of al-Azhar in Twentieth-Century Egypt|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zp2-2y7G2vQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA107|editor1-last=Hefner|editor1-first=Robert W.|editor2-last=Zaman|editor2-first=Muhammad Qasim|title=Schooling Islam: the culture and politics of modern Muslim education|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-691-12933-4}}
-{{refend}}
-[[Kategori:Masjid di Mesir|Al-Azhar]]
-[[Kategori:Arsitektur Islam]]
-[[Kategori:Masjid kampus|Al-Azhar]]
-{{Masjid-stub}}