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[[Gambar:Bbhutto.jpg|right|thumb|Benazir Bhutto sebagai Perdana Menteri Pakistan pada tahun 1988]]
[[Gambar:Bbhutto.jpg|right|thumb|Benazir Bhutto sebagai Perdana Menteri Pakistan pada tahun 1988]]
'''Benazir Bhutto''' ([[bahasa Urdu]]: بینظیر بھٹو) (lahir [[21 Juni]] [[1953]] di [[Karachi]]) adalah wanita pertama dari sebuah negara [[Muslim]]. Ia adalah anak perempuan mantan [[Perdana Menteri Pakistan|Perdana Menteri]] [[Pakistan]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]. Pada tahun [[1988]], wanita ini dilantik sebagai Perdana Menteri Pakistan, tetapi 20 bulan kemudian kekuasaannya dikudeta. [[Kudeta]] yang melibatkan kelompok militer negara didukung oleh Presiden [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]] atas skandal [[Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|Eighth Amendment]]. Pada tahun [[1993]], ia menjabat kembali sebagai perdana menteri selama tiga tahun. <!--But was dismissed three years later amid various [[Political corruption|corruption]] scandals by then president [[Farooq Leghari]], who also used the Eighth Amendment discretionary powers.
==Early years==
Benazir Bhutto is the eldest child of deposed Pakistani premier [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] (who was hanged by the Pakistan's military administration under irregular circumstances) and [[Begum]] [[Nusrat Bhutto]], who was of [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]]-[[Iran]]ian origin. Her paternal grandfather was [[Sir Shahnawaz Bhutto]], a [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]] and a key figure in [[Pakistan]]'s Independence movement.
Bhutto attended [[Lady Jennings Nursery School]] and then the [[Convent of Jesus and Mary (school)|Convent of Jesus and Mary]] in Karachi. After two years of schooling at the [[Rawalpindi Presentation Convent]], she was sent to the Jesus and Mary Convent at [[Murree]]. She passed her [[O-level]] examination at the age of 15. In April 1969, she was admitted to [[Harvard University]]'s [[Radcliffe College]]. In June 1973, Benazir graduated from Harvard with a degree in [[political science]] where she was elected to [[Phi Beta Kappa]]. She attended [[Oxford University]] in the autumn of 1973 and graduated with a masters degree in [[Philosophy, Politics and Economics]]. She was elected President of the prestigious [[Oxford Union]].


==Imprisonment, elections and exile==
'''Benazir Bhutto''' ([[21 Juni]] [[1953]]) adalah seorang mantan [[Perdana Menteri]] [[Pakistan]]. Ia juga seorang perdana menteri pertama wanita sebuah negara [[Islam]].
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[[Gambar:Benazir01.jpg|thumb|right|Benazir Bhutto pada tahun tahun 2004 di [[Newark]], [[New Jersey]] [[Amerika Serikat]].]]
After completing university, she returned to [[Pakistan]], but in the course of her father's imprisonment and execution, she was placed under house arrest. Having been allowed in 1984 to go back to the [[United Kingdom|UK]], she became leader in [[exile]] of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP), her father's party, but was unable to make her political presence felt in Pakistan until the death of General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]].


On [[November 16]], [[1988]], in the first open election in more than a decade, Benazir's PPP won the single largest bloc of seats in the [[National Assembly]]. Bhutto was sworn in as Prime Minister of a [[coalition government]] on [[December 2]], becoming at age thirty five the youngest person and also the first woman to head the government of a Muslim-majority state in modern times.
Ia adalah putri mantan perdana menteri Pakistan [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]].


After being dismissed by the then-president of Pakistan under charges of corruption, her party lost the elections held in October. She served as the leader of the opposition while [[Nawaz Sharif]] became PM for the next three years. In October [[1993]] elections were again held, which were won by the PPP coalition, returning Bhutto to office until [[1996]], when once again her government was dismissed on corruption charges.
Pada tahun [[1988]] ia dilantik setelah terpilih, tetapi 20 bulan kemudian ia di[[kudeta]]. Tetapi pada tahun [[1993]] ia menjabat lagi, tetapi kali ini hanya juga awet selama 3 tahun.


==Charges of corruption==
{{stub}}
She was charged and later cleared in a number of corruption cases in Pakistan. She has also been charged with laundering state-owned money in Swiss banks, in a case that remains before a Swiss court. Her husband, Asif Ali Zardari, spent eight years in prison although he was never convicted. He was kept in solitary confinement and claims to have been tortured. Human rights groups also claim that Zardari's rights have been violated. Former prime minister Nawaz Sharif has recently apologized for his involvement in the prolonged imprisonment of Zardari and the cases filed against Bhutto. Zardari was released in November 2004. It is alleged that they stole hundreds of millions of dollars by demanding 'commissions' on government contracts and other dealings. Over the past 10 years the couple have faced about 90 cases combined, none of which have been proven. Eight cases still remain, however Bhutto maintains that all the cases are politically motivated and says she is ready to face them. In 2005, Asif Zardari said in an interview on Pakistan Television that the military establishment had offered to release him and drop the charges on him if he agreed to quit politics and leave the country. However, Zardari refused to do so.


Recently an Auditor General of Pakistan (AGP) report has been made public that Benazir Bhutto was ousted from power in 1990 as a result of a witch hunt approved by then president Ghulam Ishaq Khan. The AGP report says that Khan, GIK for short, had approved a payment of Rs.28 million to marshal 'an army of legal advisors' to file 19 corruption cases against Benazir Bhutto and her husband Asif Ali Zardari in 1990-92, the English daily The News reported on the 25th of July 2006. The AGP report, challenging the legality of Khan's actions, makes out Benazir as a victim of political vendetta [[http://indiaenews.com/2006-07/16131-the-bhutto-saga-takes.htm]]
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[[Gambar:Benazir01.jpg|thumb|right|Benazir Bhutto pada tahun tahun 2004 di [[Newark]], [[New Jersey]] [[Amerika Serikat]].]]

==Afghanistan policy==
It was during Bhutto's rule that the [[Taliban]] gained prominence in [[Afghanistan]]. Bhutto and the Taliban were openly opposed to each other. According to the Taliban codes, as a woman she had no right to be in power. The Pakistan military, however, were insistent and Bhutto agreed to provide some support. She and her government have said that they only provided moral support and nothing more. The Taliban took power in [[Kabul]] in September [[1996]]. New evidence suggess that Osama Ben Laden provided Nawaz Sharif with huge sums of money in order to 'buy support' and destabilise her government.{{fact}} <!-- the typos in this past sentence make it look suspicious. can someone verify this statement? -->

==Policies for women==
During election campaigns, the Bhutto government voiced concerns over social issues of women, health and discrimination against women. Bhutto also announced plans to set up women's police stations, courts and women's development banks.

Despite these promises, Bhutto did not propose any legislation to improve welfare services for women. During her election campaigns, Bhutto promised to repeal controversial laws (such as Hudood and Zina ordinances) that curtail rights of women in Pakistan. However, during her two terms in power, her party did not fulfill these promises due to immense pressure from the opposition.

Her party did, however, initiate legislation during General Musharraf's regime to repeal the Zina ordinance. These efforts were defeated by the right-wing religious parties that dominated the legislatures at the time.

In 2002 Pakistan's current president, [[Pervez Musharraf]] introduced a new amendment to Pakistan's constitution, banning prime ministers from serving more than two terms. This disqualifies Bhutto from ever holding the office again. This move by people who were themselves on shaky democratic ground, was widely considered to be a direct attack on former prime ministers Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif and exhibits the military establishment's insecurities about its own political power.

Bhutto is currently (as of September [[2004]]) based in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]], where she cares for her children and her [[Nusrat Bhutto|mother]], who is suffering from [[Alzheimer's disease]], and from where she travels around the world giving lectures and keeping in touch with the Pakistan Peoples Party's supporters.

Benazir and her three children (Bilawal, Bakhtawar and Asifa) were reunited with her husband and their father in December [[2004]] after a period of more than five years.

==Books by Ms Bhutto==

* {{cite book | author=Benazir Bhutto | title=Foreign Policy in Perspective | publisher= | year=1978 | id= }}

* {{cite book | author=Benazir Bhutto | title=The way out: Interviews, impressions, statements, and messages | publisher=Mahmood Publications | year=1988 | id= }}

* {{cite book | author=Benazir Bhutto | title=Daughter of the East | publisher= Hamish Hamilton | year=1989 | id=ISBN 0241123984}}

* {{cite book | author=Benazir Bhutto | title=Daughter of Destiny | publisher= Simon & Schuster | year=1989 | id=ISBN 0671669834}}

* {{cite book | author=Benazir Bhutto | title=Benazir Bhutto defends herself | publisher= Rhotas Books | year=1990 | id= }}

* {{cite book | author=Benazir Bhutto | title=Issues in Pakistan | publisher=Jang Publishers | year=1993 | id= }}

==Quotes==
* "When I first got elected, they said, 'A woman has usurped a man's place! She should be killed, she should be assassinated, she has committed heresy!'"
* "I had faith in myself. I had always felt that I could become Prime Minister if I wanted."-->

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==Lihat juga==
⚫
*[[Pakistan]]
*[[Politik Pakistan]]
*[[Perdana Menteri Pakistan]]
*[[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]
*[[Nusrat Bhutto]]
*[[Bilawal Bhutto Zardari]]
*[[Ghinwa Bhutto]]
*[[Fatima Bhutto]]
*[[Murtaza Bhutto]]

==Pranala luar==
*[http://www.ppp.org.pk/index.html Pakistan Peoples Party website]
*[http://indiaenews.com/2006-07/16131-the-bhutto-saga-takes.htm Witch Hunt]
*[http://www.benazirbhutto.net/ Bhutto website]
* Academy of Achievement Profile http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/bhu0pro-1
* Academy of Achievement Biography http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/bhu0bio-1
* Academy of Achievement Interview http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/bhu0int-1
* Academy of Achievement Photo Gallery http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/bhu0gal-1
*[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/FK03Df03.html Bhutto on Al-Qaeda]
*[http://www.sindhtoday.net/interview_mbb.htm Interview]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4032997.stm Asif Zardari Profile]
*[http://www.famousmuslims.com/benazir%20bhutto.htm Profile]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4486144.stm Bhutto cleared of corruption]
*[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2005%5C12%5C15%5Cstory_15-12-2005_pg7_33 Pakistani opposition protests Bhutto case]
*[http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/04/15/pakistan.rallies/index.html Musharraf blocks PPP rallies]

{{start box}}
{{succession box | before = [[Muhammad Khan Junejo]]| title = [[Perdana Menteri Pakistan]]|years=[[2 Desember]] [[1988]] - [[6 Agustus]] [[1990]] | after = [[Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi]] (''Caretaker'')}}
{{succession box | before = [[Moin Qureshi]] (''Caretaker'')| title = [[Perdana Menteri Pakistan]]|years=[[19 Oktober]] [[1993]] - [[5 November]] [[1996]] | after = [[Miraj Khalid]] (''Caretaker'')}}
{{end box}}


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==Lihat Pula:==
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* [[Daftar Tokoh Pakistan]]


[[Kategori:Perdana Menteri Pakistan]]
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1953|Bhutto, Benazir]]
[[Kategori:Politisi Pakistan|Bhutto, Benazir]]
[[Kategori:Perdana Menteri Pakistan|Bhutto, Benazir]]
[[Kategori:Kepala Pemerintahan Negara Wanita|Bhutto, Benazir]]
[[Kategori:Aktivis Demokrasi|Bhutto, Benazir]]
[[Kategori:Presiden Oxford Union|Bhutto, Benazir]]
[[Kategori:Mantan Mahasiswi Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford|Bhutto, Benazir]]
[[Category:Kurdish people|Bhutto, Benazir]]
[[Category:Alumnae of women's colleges|Bhutto, Benazir]]
[[Kategori:Rakyat Distrik Larkana]]
[[Kategori:Ketua Oposisi, Pakistan]]
[[Kategori:Lulusan Universitas Harvard]]
[[Kategori:Lulusan Universitas Oxford]]


[[de:Benazir Bhutto]]
[[de:Benazir Bhutto]]

Revisi per 14 Agustus 2006 05.34

Berkas:Bbhutto.jpg
Benazir Bhutto sebagai Perdana Menteri Pakistan pada tahun 1988

Benazir Bhutto (bahasa Urdu: بینظیر بھٹو) (lahir 21 Juni 1953 di Karachi) adalah wanita pertama dari sebuah negara Muslim. Ia adalah anak perempuan mantan Perdana Menteri Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Pada tahun 1988, wanita ini dilantik sebagai Perdana Menteri Pakistan, tetapi 20 bulan kemudian kekuasaannya dikudeta. Kudeta yang melibatkan kelompok militer negara didukung oleh Presiden Ghulam Ishaq Khan atas skandal Eighth Amendment. Pada tahun 1993, ia menjabat kembali sebagai perdana menteri selama tiga tahun.

Policies for women

During election campaigns, the Bhutto government voiced concerns over social issues of women, health and discrimination against women. Bhutto also announced plans to set up women's police stations, courts and women's development banks.

Despite these promises, Bhutto did not propose any legislation to improve welfare services for women. During her election campaigns, Bhutto promised to repeal controversial laws (such as Hudood and Zina ordinances) that curtail rights of women in Pakistan. However, during her two terms in power, her party did not fulfill these promises due to immense pressure from the opposition.

Her party did, however, initiate legislation during General Musharraf's regime to repeal the Zina ordinance. These efforts were defeated by the right-wing religious parties that dominated the legislatures at the time.

In 2002 Pakistan's current president, Pervez Musharraf introduced a new amendment to Pakistan's constitution, banning prime ministers from serving more than two terms. This disqualifies Bhutto from ever holding the office again. This move by people who were themselves on shaky democratic ground, was widely considered to be a direct attack on former prime ministers Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif and exhibits the military establishment's insecurities about its own political power.

Bhutto is currently (as of September 2004) based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, where she cares for her children and her mother, who is suffering from Alzheimer's disease, and from where she travels around the world giving lectures and keeping in touch with the Pakistan Peoples Party's supporters.

Benazir and her three children (Bilawal, Bakhtawar and Asifa) were reunited with her husband and their father in December 2004 after a period of more than five years.

Books by Ms Bhutto

  • Benazir Bhutto (1978). Foreign Policy in Perspective. 
  • Benazir Bhutto (1988). The way out: Interviews, impressions, statements, and messages. Mahmood Publications. 
  • Benazir Bhutto (1989). Daughter of the East. Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 0241123984. 
  • Benazir Bhutto (1989). Daughter of Destiny. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0671669834. 
  • Benazir Bhutto (1990). Benazir Bhutto defends herself. Rhotas Books. 
  • Benazir Bhutto (1993). Issues in Pakistan. Jang Publishers. 

Quotes

  • "When I first got elected, they said, 'A woman has usurped a man's place! She should be killed, she should be assassinated, she has committed heresy!'"
  • "I had faith in myself. I had always felt that I could become Prime Minister if I wanted."-->

Lihat juga

Pranala luar

Didahului oleh:
Muhammad Khan Junejo 		Perdana Menteri Pakistan
2 Desember 1988 - 6 Agustus 1990 		Diteruskan oleh:
Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi (Caretaker)
Didahului oleh:
Moin Qureshi (Caretaker) 		Perdana Menteri Pakistan
19 Oktober 1993 - 5 November 1996 		Diteruskan oleh:
Miraj Khalid (Caretaker)
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Benazir_Bhutto&oldid=327346"