Sistem bilangan abjad: Perbedaan antara revisi
k r2.7.1) (bot Menambah: pl:Arabski system liczbowy |
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Baris 10: | Baris 10: | ||
Susunan penomoran abjad berbeda dengan susunan abjad modern yang digunakan masa kini. |
Susunan penomoran abjad berbeda dengan susunan abjad modern yang digunakan masa kini. |
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{| class="wikitable" width="200" border="1" align="center" |
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! Nilai !! Abjad !! Ucap |
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<td width="55" bgcolor="#999999"><div align="center">Nilai</div></td> |
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| 1 || ا || alif |
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<td width="74" bgcolor="#999999"><div align="center">Abjad</div></td> |
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<td width="49" bgcolor="#999999"><div align="center">Ucap</div></td> |
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| 2 || ب || ba |
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| 3 || ج || jim |
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<td><div align="center">1</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ا</span></div></td> |
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| 4 || د || dal |
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<td><div align="center">alif</div></td> |
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| 5 || ه || Ha |
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<td><div align="center">2</div></td> |
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| 6 || و || wau |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ب</span></div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">ba</div></td> |
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| 7 || ز || zay |
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| 8 || ح || ha |
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<td><div align="center">3</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ج</span></div></td> |
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| 9 || ط || tha |
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<td><div align="center">jim</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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| 10 || ي || ya |
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<td><div align="center">4</div></td> |
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| 20 || ك || kaf |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">د</span></div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">dal</div></td> |
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| 30 || ل || lam |
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</tr> |
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| 40 || م || mim |
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<td><div align="center">5</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ه</span></div></td> |
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| 50 || ن || nun |
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<td><div align="center">Ha</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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| 60 || س || sin |
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<td><div align="center">6</div></td> |
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| 70 || ع || 'ain |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">و</span></div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">wau</div></td> |
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| 80 || ف || fa |
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</tr> |
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| 90 || ص || shad |
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<td><div align="center">7</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ز</span></div></td> |
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| 100 || ق || qaf |
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<td><div align="center">zay</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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| 200 || ر || ra |
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<tr> |
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<td><div align="center">8</div></td> |
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| 300 || ش || syin |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ح</span></div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">ha</div></td> |
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| 400 || ت || ta |
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<tr> |
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| 500 || ث || tsa |
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<td><div align="center">9</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ط</span></div></td> |
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| 600 || خ || kha |
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<td><div align="center">tha</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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| 700 || ذ || dza |
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<td><div align="center">10</div></td> |
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| 800 || ض || dhad |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ي</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">ya</div></td> |
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| 900 || ظ || zha |
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</tr> |
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| 1000 || غ || ghain |
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<td><div align="center">20</div></td> |
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|} |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ك</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">kaf</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><div align="center">30</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ل</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">lam</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><div align="center">40</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">م</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">mim</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<td><div align="center">50</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ن </span></div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">nun</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<td><div align="center">60</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">س</span></div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">sin</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><div align="center">70</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ع</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">'ain</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><div align="center">80</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ف</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">fa</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<td><div align="center">90</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ص</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">shad</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<td><div align="center">100</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ق</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">qaf</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><div align="center">200</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ر</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">ra</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><div align="center">300</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ش</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">syin</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<td><div align="center">400</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ت</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">ta</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><div align="center">500</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ث</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">tsa</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><div align="center">600</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">خ</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">kha</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><div align="center">700</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ذ</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">dza</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><div align="center">800</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ض</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">dhad</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<td><div align="center">900</div></td> |
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<td><div align="center"><span dir="RTL">ظ</span><span dir="LTR"> </span><span dir="LTR"> </span> </div></td> |
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<td><div align="center">zha</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><div align="center">1000</div></td> |
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<td><p align="center"><span dir="RTL">غ</span></p></td> |
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<td><div align="center">ghain</div></td> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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Revisi per 28 Juni 2011 09.46
Sistem bilangan abjad adalah sistem angka atau penomoran yang menggunakan ke-28 abjad Arab untuk melambangkan nilai-nilai numerik. Sistem ini telah digunakan oleh bangsa Arab di dunia sejak abad ke-8 sebelum digunakannya angka Arab. Dalam bahasa Arab masa kini, kata abjad memiliki makna umum dari alfabet atau susunan dari huruf-huruf. Sebutan abjad diambil dari 4 huruf awal dalam susunan abjad, yakni alif, ba, jim, dan dal.
Penggunaan
Sebelum angka Arab digunakan meluas di dunia Arab, sistem abjad ini melambangkan nilai-nilai numerik dan digunakan dalam semua perhitungan matematika. Sistem ini juga digunakan dalam penbomoran atau pemerian dalam penulisan sehari-hari layaknya penggunaan penomoran atau pemerian A, B, C... atau I, II, III... dalam penulisan penggunakan sistem romawi.
Sistem ini juga digunakan untuk memberikan nilai pada kata atau kalimat dalam lafaz Alquran, semisal lafaz Allah (الله) memiliki nilai 66, dan lafaz basmalah (بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم) memiliki nilai 786 yang didapat dari penjumlahan susunan dan nilai hurufnya.
Susunan dan nilai
Susunan penomoran abjad berbeda dengan susunan abjad modern yang digunakan masa kini.
Nilai | Abjad | Ucap |
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1 | ا | alif |
2 | ب | ba |
3 | ج | jim |
4 | د | dal |
5 | ه | Ha |
6 | و | wau |
7 | ز | zay |
8 | ح | ha |
9 | ط | tha |
10 | ي | ya |
20 | ك | kaf |
30 | ل | lam |
40 | م | mim |
50 | ن | nun |
60 | س | sin |
70 | ع | 'ain |
80 | ف | fa |
90 | ص | shad |
100 | ق | qaf |
200 | ر | ra |
300 | ش | syin |
400 | ت | ta |
500 | ث | tsa |
600 | خ | kha |
700 | ذ | dza |
800 | ض | dhad |
900 | ظ | zha |
1000 | غ | ghain |
Secara bahasa, susunan abjad dapat dilafalkan dan menghasilkan nilai:
- ابجد – abjad: 1–2–3–4
- هوز – hawwaz: 5–6–7
- حطي – hutthi: 8–9–10
- كلمن – kalaman: 20–30–40–50
- سعفص – sa’fash: 60–70–80–90
- قرشت – qarasyat: 100–200–300–400
- ثخذ – thakhidz: 500–600–700
- ضظغ – dhazhagh: 800–900–1000