Etnografi

Etnografi (Yunani ἔθνος ethnos = rakyat dan γραφία graphia = tulisan) adalah strategi penelitian ilmiah yang sering digunakan dalam ilmu sosial, terutama dalam antropologi dan beberapa cabang sosiologi, juga dikenal sebagai bagian dari ilmu sejarah yang mempelajari masyarakat, kelompok etnis dan formasi etnis lainnya, etnogenesis, komposisi, perpindahan tempat tinggal, karakteristik kesejahteraan sosial, juga budaya material dan spiritual mereka . Etnografi sering diterapkan untuk mengumpulkan data empiris tentang masyarakat dan budaya mansia. Pengumpulan data biasanya dilakukan melalui pengamatan partisipan, wawancara, kuesioner, dll. Ilmu ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan keadaan masyarakat yang dipelajari (misalnya untuk menjelaskan seseorang, sebuah ethnos) melalui tulisan. Dalam biologi, jenis studi ini disebut "studi lapangan" atau "laporan kasus", keduanya digunakan sebagai sinonim umum untuk "etnografi".

Etnograf terkenal

• Franz Boas
• Raymond Firth
• Bronisław Malinowski
• Claude Lévi-Strauss
• Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay
• Mary Douglas
• Gregory Bateson
• Zalpa Bersanova
• Napoleon Chagnon
• Diamond Jenness
• Ruth Landes
• Edmund Leach
• José Leite de Vasconcelos
• David Maybury-Lewis
• Margaret Mead
• Nikolai Nadezhdin
• Lubor Niederle
• Dositej Obradovic
• Alexey Okladnikov
• Sergey Oldenburg
• Richard Price
• Edward Sapir
• August Ludwig von Schlözer
• Evander Sno
• Marilyn Strathern
• Ronald Takaki
• Lila Abu-Lughod
• Sudhir Venkatesh
• Ian Collins
• Leni Riefenstahl
• Paul Willis

Lihat pula

• Studi bidang
• Etnografi kritis
• Etnografi komunikasi
• Etnografi realis
• Etnografi daring: bentuk etnografi yang memerlukan penerapan studi etnografi di Internet
• Observasi partisipan
• Etnografi video
• Laboratorium hidup

Catatan kaki

• Agar, Michael (1996) The Professional Stranger: An Informal Introduction to Ethnography. Academic Press.
• Douglas, Mary and Baron Isherwood (1996) The World of Goods: Toward and Anthropology of Consumption. Routledge, London.
• Erickson, Ken C. and Donald D. Stull (1997) Doing Team Ethnography : Warnings and Advice. Sage, Beverly Hills.
• Fine, G. A. (1993). Ten lies of ethnography. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 22(3), p. 267-294.
• Hymes, Dell. (1974). Foundations in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
• Kottak, Conrad Phillip (2005) Window on Humanity : A Concise Introduction to General Anthropology, (pages 2–3, 16-17, 34-44). McGraw Hill, New York.
• Miller, Daniel (1987) Material Culture and Mass Consumption. Blackwell, London.
• Spradley, James P. (1979) The Ethnographic Interview. Wadsworth Group/Thomson Learning.
• Salvador, Tony; Genevieve Bell; and Ken Anderson (1999) Design Ethnography. Design Management Journal.

Bahan pustaka

• "On Ethnography" by Shirley Brice Heath & Brian Street, with Molly Mills.
• The Interpretation of Cultures by Clifford Geertz.

Pranala luar

• Genzuk, Michael (2003) A Synthesis of Ethnographic Research
• Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History - Over 160,000 objects from Pacific, North American, African, Asian ethnographic collections with images and detailed description, linked to the original catalogue pages, field notebooks, and photographs are available online.
• Ethnographic material collection from Northern Anatolia and Caucasus -Photo Gallery
• Ethnography.com A community based Ethnography website for academic and professional ethnographers and interested parties
• New Zealand Museum Images of objects from Pacific cultures.
• University of Pennsylvania's "What is Ethnography?" Penn's Public Interest Anthropology Web Site
• American Ethnography -- Definitions: What is Ethnography? A collection of quotes about ethnography (Malinowski, Lévi-Strauss, Geertz, ...)
• Doing ethnographies (Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography)
• Cornell University Library Southeast Asia Visions
• Scott Polar Research Institute Arctic Material Culture Collection
• Karya di Wikisource:
  • "Ethnography". New International Encyclopedia. 1905. 
  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "perlu nama artikel ". Encyclopædia Britannica (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press. 
  • Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Ethnography". Encyclopedia Americana. 
  • "Ethnography". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.  di Wikisource