Siksaan: Perbedaan antara revisi
Wagino Bot (bicara | kontrib) k →Bacaan lebih lanjut: minor cosmetic change |
k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika |
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== Bacaan lebih lanjut == |
== Bacaan lebih lanjut == |
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*Parry, John T. (2010). ''Understanding Torture: Law, Violence, and Political Identity''. Ann Arbor, MI: [[University of Michigan Press]]. ISBN 978-0-472-05077-2. |
* Parry, John T. (2010). ''Understanding Torture: Law, Violence, and Political Identity''. Ann Arbor, MI: [[University of Michigan Press]]. ISBN 978-0-472-05077-2. |
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* {{Cite book|author=Schmid, Alex P.; Crelinsten, Ronald D.|title=The politics of pain: torturers and their masters|publisher= [[Westview Press]]|location=Boulder, Colo|year=1994|pages=|isbn=0-8133-2527-7|oclc=|doi=}} |
* {{Cite book|author=Schmid, Alex P.; Crelinsten, Ronald D.|title=The politics of pain: torturers and their masters|publisher= [[Westview Press]]|location=Boulder, Colo|year=1994|pages=|isbn=0-8133-2527-7|oclc=|doi=}} |
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* {{Cite book|author=Waldron, Jeremy; Colin Dayan|title=The Story of Cruel and Unusual (Boston Review Books)|publisher= [[MIT Press]]|location=Cambridge, Mass|year= 2007|pages=|isbn=0-262-04239-8|oclc=|doi=}} |
* {{Cite book|author=Waldron, Jeremy; Colin Dayan|title=The Story of Cruel and Unusual (Boston Review Books)|publisher= [[MIT Press]]|location=Cambridge, Mass|year= 2007|pages=|isbn=0-262-04239-8|oclc=|doi=}} |
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* Reddy, Peter (2005). ''Torture: |
* Reddy, Peter (2005). ''Torture: What You Need to Know'', Ginninderra Press, Canberra, Australia. ISBN 1-74027-322-2 |
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* {{Cite book|author=Levinson, Sanford|title=Torture: A Collection|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]], USA|location=|year= 2006|pages=|isbn=0-19-530646-5|oclc=|doi=}}2010 |
* {{Cite book|author=Levinson, Sanford|title=Torture: A Collection|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]], USA|location=|year= 2006|pages=|isbn=0-19-530646-5|oclc=|doi=}}2010 |
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* {{Cite book|author=Scarry, Elaine|title=The body in pain the making and unmaking of the world|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford [Oxfordshire]|year=1985|pages=|isbn=0-19-504996-9|oclc=|doi=|authorlink= Elaine Scarry}} |
* {{Cite book|author=Scarry, Elaine|title=The body in pain the making and unmaking of the world|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford [Oxfordshire]|year=1985|pages=|isbn=0-19-504996-9|oclc=|doi=|authorlink= Elaine Scarry}} |
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{{Commons category}} |
{{Commons category}} |
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* [http://www.medievalwarfare.info/torture.htm Medieval Torture] - Development, equipment and techniques in Europe |
* [http://www.medievalwarfare.info/torture.htm Medieval Torture] - Development, equipment and techniques in Europe |
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*[http://library.uvic.ca/site/spcoll/guides/sc388.html Chinese Methods of Torture and Execution Photograph collection] at University of Victoria, Special Collections |
* [http://library.uvic.ca/site/spcoll/guides/sc388.html Chinese Methods of Torture and Execution Photograph collection] at University of Victoria, Special Collections |
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*[http://www.cpt.coe.int/en/database.htm CPT Database] (by the [[European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment]]) |
* [http://www.cpt.coe.int/en/database.htm CPT Database] (by the [[European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment]]) |
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*[http://www.freedomfromtorture.org/what-we-do/17/publications Freedom from Torture] (mostly free) publications and research |
* [http://www.freedomfromtorture.org/what-we-do/17/publications Freedom from Torture] (mostly free) publications and research |
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*[http://www.atlas-of-torture.org/ Atlas of Torture] - Overview of the situation of torture and ill-treatment around the world (by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights (BIM) in Vienna, Austria) |
* [http://www.atlas-of-torture.org/ Atlas of Torture] - Overview of the situation of torture and ill-treatment around the world (by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights (BIM) in Vienna, Austria) |
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*[http://www.irct.org/] - The International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (based in Copenhagen, Denmark) |
* [http://www.irct.org/] - The International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (based in Copenhagen, Denmark) |
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{{Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights}} |
{{Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights}} |
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[[Kategori:Pelanggaran HAM]] |
[[Kategori:Pelanggaran HAM]] |
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[[Kategori:Kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan]] |
[[Kategori:Kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan]] |
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[[Kategori:Isu utama dalam etika]] |
[[Kategori:Isu utama dalam etika]] |
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Revisi per 29 Januari 2017 00.47
Siksaan atau penyiksaan (Bahasa Inggris: torture) digunakan untuk merujuk pada penciptaan rasa sakit untuk menghancurkan kekerasan hati korban. Segala tindakan yang menyebabkan penderitaan, baik secara fisik maupun psikologis, yang dengan sengaja dilakukkan terhadap seseorang dengan tujuan intimidasi, balas dendam, hukuman, sadisme, pemaksaan informasi, atau mendapatkan pengakuan palsu untuk propaganda atau tujuan politik dapat disebut sebagai penyiksaan. Siksaan dapat digunakan sebagai suatu cara interogasi untuk mendapatkan pengakuan. Siksaan juga dapat digunakan sebagai metode pemaksaan atau sebagai alat untuk mengendalikan kelompok yang dianggap sebagai ancaman bagi suatu pemerintah. Sepanjang sejarah, siksaan telah juga digunakan sebagai cara untuk memaksakan pindah agama atau cuci otak politik.
Penyiksaan hampir secara universal telah dianggap sebagai pelanggaran berat hak asasi manusia, seperti dinyatakan Deklarasi Hak Asasi Manusia. Para penandatangan Konvensi Jenewa Ketiga dan Konvensi Jenewa Keempat telah menyetujui untuk tidak melakukan penyiksaan terhadap orang yang dilindungi (penduduk sipil musuh atau tawanan perang) dalam suatu konflik bersenjata. Penanda tangan UN Convention Against Torture juga telah menyetujui untuk tidak secara sengaja memberikan rasa sakit atau penderitaan pada siapapun, untuk mendapatkan informasi atau pengakuan, menghukum, atau memaksakan sesuatu dari mereka atau orang ketiga. Walaupun demikian, organisasi-organisasi seperti Amnesty International memperkirakan bahwa dua dari tiga negara tidak konsisten mematuhi perjanjian-perjanjian tersebut.
Bacaan lebih lanjut
- Parry, John T. (2010). Understanding Torture: Law, Violence, and Political Identity. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-05077-2.
- Schmid, Alex P.; Crelinsten, Ronald D. (1994). The politics of pain: torturers and their masters. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-2527-7.
- Waldron, Jeremy; Colin Dayan (2007). The Story of Cruel and Unusual (Boston Review Books). Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-04239-8.
- Reddy, Peter (2005). Torture: What You Need to Know, Ginninderra Press, Canberra, Australia. ISBN 1-74027-322-2
- Levinson, Sanford (2006). Torture: A Collection. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0-19-530646-5.2010
- Scarry, Elaine (1985). The body in pain the making and unmaking of the world. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504996-9.
- Conroy, John (2001). Unspeakable Acts, Ordinary People: The Dynamics of Torture. California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23039-6.
- Rejali, D. M. (1994). Torture & Modernity: Self, Society, and State in Modern Iran. Boulder: Westview Press.
- Vreeland, James Raymond (2008). Political Institutions and Human Rights: Why Dictatorships enter into the United Nations Convention Against Torture. International Organization. hlm. 62(1):65–101.
- Wantchekon, L. and A. Healy (1999). The "Game" of Torture. Journal of Conflict Resolution. hlm. 43(5): 596–609.
Pranala luar
- Medieval Torture - Development, equipment and techniques in Europe
- Chinese Methods of Torture and Execution Photograph collection at University of Victoria, Special Collections
- CPT Database (by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment)
- Freedom from Torture (mostly free) publications and research
- Atlas of Torture - Overview of the situation of torture and ill-treatment around the world (by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights (BIM) in Vienna, Austria)
- [1] - The International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (based in Copenhagen, Denmark)
Templat:Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights