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←Membuat halaman berisi '{{infobox military conflict | conflict = Pemberontakan Klaipėda | partof = | image = 300px | caption = Peta Wil...'
 
HsfBot (bicara | kontrib)
k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika
Baris 10: Baris 10:
| result = Klaipėda menjadi wilayah Lituania
| result = Klaipėda menjadi wilayah Lituania
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|France}} [[Republik Perancis Ketiga|Pemerintahan Perancis]]<br>Mayoritas Jerman
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|France}} [[Republik Perancis Ketiga|Pemerintahan Perancis]]<br>Mayoritas Jerman
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lituania]]<br>[[File:Flag of Memelland.png|23px]] [[Direktorat Klaipėda]]
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lituania]]<br>[[Berkas:Flag of Memelland.png|23px]] [[Direktorat Klaipėda]]
| commander1 = Gabriel Jean Petisné
| commander1 = Gabriel Jean Petisné
| commander2 = [[Ernestas Galvanauskas]]<br>[[Vincas Krėvė-Mickevičius]]<br>Jonas Polovinskas-Budrys<br>[[Erdmonas Simonaitis]]
| commander2 = [[Ernestas Galvanauskas]]<br>[[Vincas Krėvė-Mickevičius]]<br>Jonas Polovinskas-Budrys<br>[[Erdmonas Simonaitis]]
Baris 27: Baris 27:
== Daftar pustaka ==
== Daftar pustaka ==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
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* {{cite journal|last=Butkevičius |first=Algirdas |date=2010-05-17 |title=Nepalaužtas kančių ir neteisybės |url=http://www.siaure.lt/article/articlearchiveview/255/2010/05/17 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wz8LW44h?url=http://www.siaure.lt/article/articlearchiveview/255/2010/05/17 |archivedate=2011-03-06 |journal=Šiaurės rytai |issn=1392-9240 |language=lt |deadurl=yes |df= }}
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* {{cite journal|last=Čepas |first=Vytautas |title=Speech by Seimas member Vytautas Čepas |url=http://www6.lrs.lt/kronikos/pdf/m_123.pdf |journal=Lithuanian Parliamentary Mirror |volume=1 |issue=123 |date=January 2008 |issn=1392-3528 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722151929/http://www6.lrs.lt/kronikos/pdf/m_123.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-22 |df= }}
*{{cite book | last=Čepėnas |first=Pranas |title=Naujųjų laikų Lietuvos istorija |volume=II | year=1986 |publisher=Dr. Kazio Griniaus Fondas |location=Chicago | oclc= 3220435|language=lt}}
* {{cite book | last=Čepėnas |first=Pranas |title=Naujųjų laikų Lietuvos istorija |volume=II | year=1986 |publisher=Dr. Kazio Griniaus Fondas |location=Chicago | oclc= 3220435|language=lt}}
*{{cite book | last=Cienciala |first=Anna |url=https://books.google.com/books?&id=zwRpAAAAMAAJ&q=71856 |title=From Versailles to Locarno: Keys to Polish Foreign Policy, 1919–25 |author2=Titus Komarnicki | publisher=University Press of Kansas |year=1984 |isbn=0-7006-0247-X}}
* {{cite book | last=Cienciala |first=Anna |url=https://books.google.com/books?&id=zwRpAAAAMAAJ&q=71856 |title=From Versailles to Locarno: Keys to Polish Foreign Policy, 1919–25 |author2=Titus Komarnicki | publisher=University Press of Kansas |year=1984 |isbn=0-7006-0247-X}}
*{{cite book | last=Clinchant |first=Georges |author2=Pompeo Aloisi |author3=Basil Homfray Fry |chapter=Rapport adressé à la Conférence des ambassadeurs par la Commission extraordinaire de Memel |chapterurl=http://www.ostdeutsches-forum.net/fr/Histoire/PDF/Memel-Rapport-1923-F.pdf |title=Question de Memel: documents diplomatiques |volume=1 |year=1923 |location=Kaunas |publisher=République de Lithuanie. Ministére des Affaires Étrangères |oclc=14979637|language=fr}}
* {{cite book | last=Clinchant |first=Georges |author2=Pompeo Aloisi |author3=Basil Homfray Fry |chapter=Rapport adressé à la Conférence des ambassadeurs par la Commission extraordinaire de Memel |chapterurl=http://www.ostdeutsches-forum.net/fr/Histoire/PDF/Memel-Rapport-1923-F.pdf |title=Question de Memel: documents diplomatiques |volume=1 |year=1923 |location=Kaunas |publisher=République de Lithuanie. Ministére des Affaires Étrangères |oclc=14979637|language=fr}}
*{{cite book | last=Eidintas | first=Alfonsas |author2=Vytautas Žalys |author3=Alfred Erich Senn | title=Lithuania in European Politics: The Years of the First Republic, 1918–1940 | edition=Paperback | year=1999 | publisher=St. Martin's Press | location=New York | isbn=0-312-22458-3 }}
* {{cite book | last=Eidintas | first=Alfonsas |author2=Vytautas Žalys |author3=Alfred Erich Senn | title=Lithuania in European Politics: The Years of the First Republic, 1918–1940 | edition=Paperback | year=1999 | publisher=St. Martin's Press | location=New York | isbn=0-312-22458-3 }}
*{{cite book | editor=Gerutis, Albertas | others=translated by Algirdas Budreckis | title=Lithuania: 700 Years | year=1984 | edition=6th | publisher=Manyland Books | location=New York | id={{LCC | 75-80057}} |isbn=0-87141-028-1 }}
* {{cite book | editor=Gerutis, Albertas | others=translated by Algirdas Budreckis | title=Lithuania: 700 Years | year=1984 | edition=6th | publisher=Manyland Books | location=New York | id={{LCC | 75-80057}} |isbn=0-87141-028-1 }}
*{{cite encyclopedia| last=Gliožaitis |first=Algirdas Antanas |title=Klaipėdos kraštas |encyclopedia=Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas |location=Vilnius |year=2003a |volume=2 |isbn=5-420-01470-X|language=lt}}
* {{cite encyclopedia| last=Gliožaitis |first=Algirdas Antanas |title=Klaipėdos kraštas |encyclopedia=Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas |location=Vilnius |year=2003a |volume=2 |isbn=5-420-01470-X|language=lt}}
*{{cite encyclopedia| last=Gliožaitis |first=Algirdas Antanas |title=Klaipėdos krašto konvencija |encyclopedia=Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas |location=Vilnius |year=2003b |volume=2 |isbn=5-420-01470-X|language=lt}}
* {{cite encyclopedia| last=Gliožaitis |first=Algirdas Antanas |title=Klaipėdos krašto konvencija |encyclopedia=Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas |location=Vilnius |year=2003b |volume=2 |isbn=5-420-01470-X|language=lt}}
*{{cite encyclopedia| last=Gliožaitis |first=Algirdas Antanas |author2=Roma Šukienė |title=Šilutės seimo deklaracija |encyclopedia=Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas |location=Vilnius |year=2009 |volume=4 |isbn=5-420-01470-X|language=lt}}
* {{cite encyclopedia| last=Gliožaitis |first=Algirdas Antanas |author2=Roma Šukienė |title=Šilutės seimo deklaracija |encyclopedia=Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas |location=Vilnius |year=2009 |volume=4 |isbn=5-420-01470-X|language=lt}}
*{{cite book | last=Jurgėla |first=Petras |title=Sparnuoti lietuviai Darius ir Girėnas |year=1990 |origyear=1935 |publisher=Lietuvos žurnalistų sąjunga |location=Vilnius |oclc= 23442034 |language=lt}}
* {{cite book | last=Jurgėla |first=Petras |title=Sparnuoti lietuviai Darius ir Girėnas |year=1990 |origyear=1935 |publisher=Lietuvos žurnalistų sąjunga |location=Vilnius |oclc= 23442034 |language=lt}}
*{{cite journal|last=Kažukauskas |first=Vytautas |title=Visa Lietuvių tauta atsiėmė Klaipėdą |url=http://www.muziejai.lt/prev_vers/Vilnius/kazukausko_str.htm |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wz8gjxAT?url=http://www.muziejai.lt/prev_vers/Vilnius/kazukausko_str.htm |archivedate=2011-03-06 |journal=Vytautai |date=January 2003 |volume=1 |language=lt |deadurl=yes |df= }}
* {{cite journal|last=Kažukauskas |first=Vytautas |title=Visa Lietuvių tauta atsiėmė Klaipėdą |url=http://www.muziejai.lt/prev_vers/Vilnius/kazukausko_str.htm |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wz8gjxAT?url=http://www.muziejai.lt/prev_vers/Vilnius/kazukausko_str.htm |archivedate=2011-03-06 |journal=Vytautai |date=January 2003 |volume=1 |language=lt |deadurl=yes |df= }}
*{{cite book |last=Liekis |first=Šarūnas |title=1939: the year that changed everything in Lithuania's history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ST3LrBPOM4gC&pg=PA51 |year=2010 |series=On the boundary of two worlds |volume=20 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-2762-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Liekis |first=Šarūnas |title=1939: the year that changed everything in Lithuania's history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ST3LrBPOM4gC&pg=PA51 |year=2010 |series=On the boundary of two worlds |volume=20 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-2762-6}}
*{{cite journal|last=Lukšas |first=Aras |date=2009-01-16 |title=Klaipėdos sukilimas: faktai ir versijos |url=http://www.lzinios.lt/lt/2009-01-16/istorija/klaipedos_sukilimas_faktai_ir_versijos.html |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wz8PQsQy?url=http://www.lzinios.lt/lt/2009-01-16/istorija/klaipedos_sukilimas_faktai_ir_versijos.html |archivedate=2011-03-06 |journal=Lietuvos žinios |volume=12 |issue=12239 |issn=1822-1637 |language=lt |deadurl=yes |df= }}
* {{cite journal|last=Lukšas |first=Aras |date=2009-01-16 |title=Klaipėdos sukilimas: faktai ir versijos |url=http://www.lzinios.lt/lt/2009-01-16/istorija/klaipedos_sukilimas_faktai_ir_versijos.html |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wz8PQsQy?url=http://www.lzinios.lt/lt/2009-01-16/istorija/klaipedos_sukilimas_faktai_ir_versijos.html |archivedate=2011-03-06 |journal=Lietuvos žinios |volume=12 |issue=12239 |issn=1822-1637 |language=lt |deadurl=yes |df= }}
*{{cite book |last=Migliorini |first=Elio |year=1932 |title=Finlandia e stati Baltici |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXU2AAAAMAAJ&q=2848 | publisher=Istituto per l'Europa Orientale |oclc=23508134 |language=it}}
* {{cite book |last=Migliorini |first=Elio |year=1932 |title=Finlandia e stati Baltici |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXU2AAAAMAAJ&q=2848 | publisher=Istituto per l'Europa Orientale |oclc=23508134 |language=it}}
*{{cite journal | last=Safronovas |first=Vasilijus |title=Der Anschluss des Memelgebietes an Litauen | url=http://www.annaberger-annalen.de/jahrbuch/2009/4_Safronovas.pdf |year=2009a |journal=Annaberger Annalen |volume=17 |issn=0949-3484|language=de}}
* {{cite journal | last=Safronovas |first=Vasilijus |title=Der Anschluss des Memelgebietes an Litauen | url=http://www.annaberger-annalen.de/jahrbuch/2009/4_Safronovas.pdf |year=2009a |journal=Annaberger Annalen |volume=17 |issn=0949-3484|language=de}}
*{{cite encyclopedia | last=Safronovas |first=Vasilijus |title=Vyriausias Mažosios Lietuvos gelbėjimo komitetas |encyclopedia=Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas |location=Vilnius |year=2009b |volume=4 |isbn=5-420-01470-X|language=lt}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | last=Safronovas |first=Vasilijus |title=Vyriausias Mažosios Lietuvos gelbėjimo komitetas |encyclopedia=Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas |location=Vilnius |year=2009b |volume=4 |isbn=5-420-01470-X|language=lt}}
*{{cite book| last=Senn |first=Alfred Erich | title=The Great Powers, Lithuania and the Vilna Question 1920–1928 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=180UAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA110 |publisher= E.J. Brill |year=1966 |oclc=398265 |series=Studies in East European history |volume=11}}
* {{cite book| last=Senn |first=Alfred Erich | title=The Great Powers, Lithuania and the Vilna Question 1920–1928 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=180UAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA110 |publisher= E.J. Brill |year=1966 |oclc=398265 |series=Studies in East European history |volume=11}}
*{{cite encyclopedia | last=Šilas |first=Vytautas |title=Klaipėdos krašto sukilimas |encyclopedia=Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas |location=Vilnius |year=2003 |volume=2 |isbn=5-420-01470-X|language=lt}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | last=Šilas |first=Vytautas |title=Klaipėdos krašto sukilimas |encyclopedia=Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas |location=Vilnius |year=2003 |volume=2 |isbn=5-420-01470-X|language=lt}}
*{{cite journal|last=Turčinavičius |first=Vladas |title=Drąsiausias Lietuvos politinis–karinis žygis |url=http://www.mazoji-lietuva.lt/article.php?article=2243 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wz8WaI6v?url=http://www.mazoji-lietuva.lt/article.php?article=2243 |archivedate=2011-03-06 |journal=Mažoji Lietuva |date=2010-01-21 |issn=2029-3542 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
* {{cite journal|last=Turčinavičius |first=Vladas |title=Drąsiausias Lietuvos politinis–karinis žygis |url=http://www.mazoji-lietuva.lt/article.php?article=2243 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wz8WaI6v?url=http://www.mazoji-lietuva.lt/article.php?article=2243 |archivedate=2011-03-06 |journal=Mažoji Lietuva |date=2010-01-21 |issn=2029-3542 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
*{{cite journal | last=Vareikis |first=Vygandas |title=Die Rolle des Schützenbundes Litauens bei der Besetzung des Memelgebietes 1923 |url=http://www.annaberger-annalen.de/jahrbuch/2000/AnnabergerAnnalenAusgabe8.pdf |year=2000 |journal=Annaberger Annalen |volume=8 |issn=0949-3484|language=de}}
* {{cite journal | last=Vareikis |first=Vygandas |title=Die Rolle des Schützenbundes Litauens bei der Besetzung des Memelgebietes 1923 |url=http://www.annaberger-annalen.de/jahrbuch/2000/AnnabergerAnnalenAusgabe8.pdf |year=2000 |journal=Annaberger Annalen |volume=8 |issn=0949-3484|language=de}}
*{{cite journal|last=Vareikis |first=Vygandas |year=2008 |title=Sukilėliai, šauliai, savanoriai |url=http://www.ku.lt/leidykla/leidiniai/AHUK/AHUK_XVII.pdf |journal=Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis |volume=XVII |issn=1392-4095 |language=lt |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722152412/http://www.ku.lt/leidykla/leidiniai/AHUK/AHUK_XVII.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-22 |df= }}
* {{cite journal|last=Vareikis |first=Vygandas |year=2008 |title=Sukilėliai, šauliai, savanoriai |url=http://www.ku.lt/leidykla/leidiniai/AHUK/AHUK_XVII.pdf |journal=Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis |volume=XVII |issn=1392-4095 |language=lt |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722152412/http://www.ku.lt/leidykla/leidiniai/AHUK/AHUK_XVII.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-22 |df= }}
*{{cite journal|last=Vareikis |first=Vygandas |title=Klaipėdos krašto užėmimas: dokumentai prieš mitus |year=2009 |url=http://www.lrytas.lt/print.asp?data=&k=news&id=12359180741234791921 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wz8agmnZ?url=http://www.lrytas.lt/print.asp?data= |archivedate=2011-03-06 |journal=Kultūros barai |volume=2 |issn=0134-3106 |language=lt |deadurl=yes |df= }}
* {{cite journal|last=Vareikis |first=Vygandas |title=Klaipėdos krašto užėmimas: dokumentai prieš mitus |year=2009 |url=http://www.lrytas.lt/print.asp?data=&k=news&id=12359180741234791921 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wz8agmnZ?url=http://www.lrytas.lt/print.asp?data= |archivedate=2011-03-06 |journal=Kultūros barai |volume=2 |issn=0134-3106 |language=lt |deadurl=yes |df= }}
*{{cite book| last=Žostautaitė |first=Petronėlė |title=Klaipėdos kraštas: 1923–1939 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s460AAAAIAAJ&q=Reizgys |publisher=Mokslas |year=1992 | isbn=978-5-420-00724-2|language=lt}}
* {{cite book| last=Žostautaitė |first=Petronėlė |title=Klaipėdos kraštas: 1923–1939 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s460AAAAIAAJ&q=Reizgys |publisher=Mokslas |year=1992 | isbn=978-5-420-00724-2|language=lt}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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[[Kategori:Sejarah Lituania]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Lituania]]
[[Kategori:Lituania dalam tahun 1923]]
[[Kategori:Lituania dalam tahun 1923]]

Revisi per 23 Juli 2017 20.05

Pemberontakan Klaipėda

Peta Wilayah Klaipėda (Memelland) dan bagian utara Prusia Timur
Tanggal10–15 Januari 1923
LokasiWilayah Klaipėda
Koordinat: 55°42′N 21°08′E / 55.700°N 21.133°E / 55.700; 21.133
Hasil Klaipėda menjadi wilayah Lituania
Pihak terlibat
Prancis Pemerintahan Perancis
Mayoritas Jerman
Lituania Lituania
Direktorat Klaipėda
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Gabriel Jean Petisné Ernestas Galvanauskas
Vincas Krėvė-Mickevičius
Jonas Polovinskas-Budrys
Erdmonas Simonaitis
Kekuatan
Sekitar 250 pasukan Sekitar 1400 orang
Korban
2 tewas 12 tewas

Pemberontakan Klaipėda adalah sebuah pemberontakan yang berlangsung pada Januari 1923 di Wilayah Klaipėda (Memelland). Wilayah yang terletak di sebelah utara Sungai Neman ini dilepas dari wilayah Prusia Timur, Jerman, berdasarkan Traktat Versailles, dan kemudian dijadikan mandat Liga Bangsa-Bangsa. Wilayah ini diperintah oleh Perancis untuk sementara waktu hingga solusi yang lebih permanen dapat ditemukan. Lituania ingin menyatukan wilayah ini (bagian dari Lithuania Minor) karena terdapat minoritas Lituania Prusia di wilayah tersebut. Selain itu, pelabuhan Klaipėda (Memel) dibutuhkan oleh Lituania agar dapat mengakses Laut Baltik. Namun, Konferensi Duta-Duta Besar ingin menjadikan wilayah ini sebagai kota bebas seperti Kota Bebas Danzig, sehingga orang-orang Lituania mulai mempersiapkan pemberontakan.

Para penduduk lokal kemudian memberontak, tetapi tidak menghadapi perlawanan yang berarti dari polisi Jerman atau pasukan Perancis. Para pemberontak mendirikan pemerintahan pro-Lituania yang meminta bergabung dengan Lituania dengan menyebut hak penentuan nasib sendiri. Liga Bangsa-Bangsa menerima fait accompli ini dan Wilayah Klaipėda secara resmi menjadi wilayah otonom Republik Lituania pada 17 Februari 1923. Kemudian, setelah negosiasi yang panjang, Konvensi Klaipėda ditandatangani pada Mei 1924. Konvensi ini secara resmi mengakui kedaulatan Lituania di wilayah Klaipėda dan menjabarkan hak otonomi legislatif, yudikatif, dan administratif wilayah tersebut. Namun, pada Maret 1939, Lituania terpaksa menyerahkan wilayah ini kepada Jerman Nazi setelah memperoleh ultimatum.

Daftar pustaka