Art Deco: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Art Deco was an opulent style, and its lavishness is attributed to reaction to the forced austerity imposed by [[World War I]]. Its rich, festive character fitted it for "modern" contexts, including interiors of cinema theaters and [[ocean liner]]s such as the ''[[SS Ile de France|Ile de France]]'' and ''[[SS Normandie|Normandie]]''. |
Art Deco was an opulent style, and its lavishness is attributed to reaction to the forced austerity imposed by [[World War I]]. Its rich, festive character fitted it for "modern" contexts, including interiors of cinema theaters and [[ocean liner]]s such as the ''[[SS Ile de France|Ile de France]]'' and ''[[SS Normandie|Normandie]]''. |
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[[Berkas:Buffalo City Hall - 001.jpg|thumb|[[Buffalo, New York]] City Hall, an Art Deco masterpiece.]] |
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A parallel movement called [[Streamline Moderne]], or simply Streamline, followed close behind. Streamline was influenced by the modern aerodynamic designs emerging from advancing technologies in aviation, ballistics, and other fields requiring high velocity. The attractive shapes resulting from scientifically applied aerodynamic principles were enthusiastically adopted within Art Deco, applying streamlining techniques to other useful objects in everyday life, such as the automobile. Although the [[Chrysler Airflow]] design of 1933 was commercially unsuccessful, it provided the lead for more conservatively designed pseudo-streamlined vehicles. These "streamlined" forms began to be used even for mundane and static objects such as pencil sharpeners and refrigerators. |
A parallel movement called [[Streamline Moderne]], or simply Streamline, followed close behind. Streamline was influenced by the modern aerodynamic designs emerging from advancing technologies in aviation, ballistics, and other fields requiring high velocity. The attractive shapes resulting from scientifically applied aerodynamic principles were enthusiastically adopted within Art Deco, applying streamlining techniques to other useful objects in everyday life, such as the automobile. Although the [[Chrysler Airflow]] design of 1933 was commercially unsuccessful, it provided the lead for more conservatively designed pseudo-streamlined vehicles. These "streamlined" forms began to be used even for mundane and static objects such as pencil sharpeners and refrigerators. |
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==Visual arts== |
==Visual arts== |
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[[Berkas:Redentor.jpg|right|thumb|''[[Christ the Redeemer]]'' by [[Paul Landowski]] is located atop Corcovado Mountain in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.]] |
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Art Deco themes affected the visual arts as well, lending Fauvist palettes and Futurist and Cubist concepts while standing in opposition to traditional art formats. Strong, dynamic lines; bright colours; and fast, modern landscapes can be commonly seen in painting, lithographs, and posters from this design period. Visual artists include [[Tamara De Lempicka]], [[Adolphe Mouron Cassandre]], [[Romain de Tirtoff]], [[Louis Lozowick]], [[Aleksandra Ekster]], and [[Grant Wood]]. |
Art Deco themes affected the visual arts as well, lending Fauvist palettes and Futurist and Cubist concepts while standing in opposition to traditional art formats. Strong, dynamic lines; bright colours; and fast, modern landscapes can be commonly seen in painting, lithographs, and posters from this design period. Visual artists include [[Tamara De Lempicka]], [[Adolphe Mouron Cassandre]], [[Romain de Tirtoff]], [[Louis Lozowick]], [[Aleksandra Ekster]], and [[Grant Wood]]. |
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==Modern applications== |
==Modern applications== |
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[[Berkas:Eaton's College Street Store Toronto Canada - 7th Floor Lobby Sketch.jpg|thumb|right|[[College Park (Toronto)]] Department Store interior drawing]] |
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Although Art Deco fell out of vogue in the 1940s, it has had small rebirths over subsequent decades. Its designs frequently appear in modern architecture, entertainment, and media when a "classic retro" look is sought. In media, such examples are obvious in ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' from the early 1990s in which the shows creators used Art Deco stylings fused with a deliberate darkness to create an Art Deco variant style often referred to as Dark Deco. Films such as ''[[Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow]]'', ''[[Dick Tracy (film)|Dick Tracy]]'', and [[King Kong (2005 film)|''King Kong'']] have various Art Deco elements as well. In [[Marilyn Manson]]'s ''[[The Golden Age of Grotesque]]'', he demonstrates an Art Deco style mixed with his gothic trademark. |
Although Art Deco fell out of vogue in the 1940s, it has had small rebirths over subsequent decades. Its designs frequently appear in modern architecture, entertainment, and media when a "classic retro" look is sought. In media, such examples are obvious in ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' from the early 1990s in which the shows creators used Art Deco stylings fused with a deliberate darkness to create an Art Deco variant style often referred to as Dark Deco. Films such as ''[[Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow]]'', ''[[Dick Tracy (film)|Dick Tracy]]'', and [[King Kong (2005 film)|''King Kong'']] have various Art Deco elements as well. In [[Marilyn Manson]]'s ''[[The Golden Age of Grotesque]]'', he demonstrates an Art Deco style mixed with his gothic trademark. |
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Revisi per 12 November 2008 02.22
Art Deco adalah sebuah gerakan desain yang populer dari 1920 hingga 1939, yang mempengaruhi seni dekoratif seperti arsitektur, desain interior, dan desain industri, maupun seni visual seperti misalnya fesyen, lukisan, seni grafis, dan film. Gerakan ini, dalam pengertian tertentu, adalah gabungan dari berbagai gaya dan gerakan pada awal abad ke-20, termasuk Konstruksionisme, Kubisme, Modernisme, Bauhaus, Art Nouveau, dan Futurisme. Popularitasnya memuncak pada 1920-an. Meskipun banyak gerakan desain mempunyai akar atau maksud politik atau filsafati, Art Deco murni bersifat dekoratif. Pada masa itu, gaya ini dianggap anggun, fungsional, dan ultra modern.
Sejarah
Setelah Eksposisi Dunia 1900, berbagai seniman Perancis membentuk sebuah kolektif resmi, La Société des artistes décorateurs. Para pendirinya antara lain adalah Hector Guimard, Eugène Grasset, Raoul Lachenal, Paul Follot, Maurice Dufrene dan Emile Decour. Para seniman ini sangat mempengaruhi prinsip-prinsip Art Deco pada umumnya. Maksud perhimpunan ini adalah memperlihatkan tempat terkemuka dan evolusi seni dekoratif Perancis secara internasional. Wajarlah bila mereka mengorganisir Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (Eksposisi Internasional untuk Seni Industri dan Dekoratif Modern) pada 1925, yang menampilkan seni dan kepentingan bisnis Perancis.
Gerakan awal ini disebut Style Moderne. Istilah Art Deco diambil dari Eksposisi 1925, meskipun baru pada 1960-an istilah ini diciptakan, ketika terjadi kebangkitan kembali Art Deco.
Sumber-sumber dan Atribut-atribut
secara umum dianggap sebagai suatu bentuk eklektik dari keanggunan dan gaya modernisme, yang dipengaruhi berbagai sumber. Diantaranya adalah seni tradisional Afrika, Mesir, atau Aztek Meksiko, dan juga Abad Mesin atau teknologi Streamline seperti penerbangan moderen, Penerangan listrik, radio, dan bangunan pencakar langit. Pengaruh desain ini terlihat pada fractionated, crystalline, bentuk facet dari dekorasi Kubisme dan Futurism, dalam wadah Fauvisme. Tema populer lain dalam Art Deco adalah bentuk-bentuk bersifat trapezoid, zigzag, geometri, dan bentuk puzzle, yang banyak terlihat pada karya mula-mula. Sejalan dengan pengaruh-pengaruh ini,Art Deco dikarakterkan dengan penggunaan bahan-bahan seperti aluminum, stainless steel,lacquer , inlaid wood, kulit hiu (shagreen), dan kulit zebra. Penggunaan berani dari bentuk bertingkat, sapuan kurva (unlike the sinuous, natural curves of the Art Nouveau), pola-pola chevron , dan motif pancaran matahari adalah tipikal dari Art Deco. Beberapa dari motif ini sering muncul pada saat ini— contohnya, motif pancaran matahari dalam berbagai konteks seperti sepatu wanita, radiator grilles, auditorium dari Radio City Music Hall, dan puncak dari Gedung Chrysler.
Pranala luar
- V & A Art Deco exhibition, 2003
- Article on Anzac Memorial with photos
- Art Deco architecture tour of Chicago landmarks
- large collection of photographic examples
- Art Deco in Ireland
- The Art Deco Trust of Napier, New Zealand
- The Art Deco Society of California
- Art Deco Resource
- The Art Deco industrial design of Maurice Ascalon's Pal-Bell