Kamboja: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox_Country | |
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native_name = [[Berkas:Official_name_of_Cambodia.png]]<br />Preah-reach-anachâk Kampuchea | |
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common_name = Kamboja | |
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image_flag = Flag of Cambodia.svg | |
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image_coat = Cambodia coa.gif| |
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image_map = LocationCambodia.png | |
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national_motto = [[Berkas:Kh-Motto.png|170px]]<br />([[Bahasa Khmer]]: Bangsa, Agama, Raja) | |
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national_anthem = [[Nokoreach]] | |
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official_languages = [[Bahasa Khmer|Khmer]]; bahasa [[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]] dan [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]] hanya digunakan oleh kaum terdidik | |
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capital = [[Phnom Penh]] | |
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capitals_coordinates = 11° 31′ N, 104° 49′ E | |
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largest_city = [[Phnom Penh]] | |
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government_type = [[Monarki konstitusional]] [[Demokrasi|demokratik]] | |
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leader_titles = [[Raja Kamboja|Raja]] <br /> [[Perdana Menteri Kamboja|Perdana Menteri]] | |
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leader_names = [[Norodom Sihamoni]] <br /> [[Hun Sen]] | |
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area_rank = 87 | |
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area = 181.040 | |
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percent_water = 2,5% | |
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population_estimate = 13.881.427 | |
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population_estimate_year = 2005 | |
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population_estimate_rank = 65 | |
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population_census = 11.437.656| |
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population_census_year = 1998| |
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population_density = 74 | |
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population_density_rank = 121 | |
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GDP_PPP_year = 2003 | |
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GDP_PPP = $29.344 juta | |
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GDP_PPP_rank = 86 | |
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GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2.189 | |
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GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 122 | |
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sovereignty_type = [[Kemerdekaan]] | |
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established_events = - Proklamasi<br />- Diakui | |
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established_dates = Dari [[Perancis]]<br />[[1949]]<br />[[1953]] | |
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currency = [[Riel]] <sup>1</sup> | |
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currency_code = KHR | |
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time_zone = | |
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utc_offset = +7 | |
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time_zone_DST = | |
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utc_offset_DST = +7 | |
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cctld = [[.kh]] | |
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calling_code = 855 | |
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footnotes = <sup>1</sup> Mata uang lokal, walaupun [[Dolar AS]] masih sering digunakan. |
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}} |
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'''Kerajaan Kamboja''' adalah sebuah [[negara]] berbentuk [[monarki konstitusional]] di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Negara ini merupakan penerus [[Kekaisaran Khmer]] yang pernah menguasai seluruh [[Indochina|Semenanjung Indochina]] antara abad ke-11 dan 14. |
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Interesting to read that one of the Brinks Matt Robbers had a 17 year old girlfriend when he was 51 years of age just two years older than Thaksin Shinawatra… and these are the same group who have worked with Mr Thaksin Shinawatra for years committing serious crimes around the world. Did the Thai people know that Thaksin Shinawatra was from SPAIN ????? |
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Kamboja berbatasan dengan [[Thailand]] di sebelah barat, [[Laos]] di utara, [[Vietnam]] di timur, dan [[Teluk Thailand]] di selatan. Sungai [[Mekong]] dan Danau [[Danau Tonle Sap|Tonle Sap]] melintasi negara ini. |
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Did you know Mr Thaksin Shinawatra was one of the people behind the "Brinks Matt Robbery" ? |
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Did you know Mr Thaksin Shinawatra has been involved in crime for over 25 years and that is where he developed his interest in mobile communications the developer (devils-offer) and the crime world ? |
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In particular forging land title deeds in Spain, Gran Canaria, Ibiza and Majorca. |
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Did you know The Shin Corporation was laundering money for the crime world for years ? |
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Kenneth James Noye (born 24 May 1947) is a British criminal who was convicted of the 1996 murder of Stephen Cameron. Noye was involved in laundering the proceeds of the Brinks Mat robbery in 1983. While he was being investigated for his part in the robbery, he stabbed to death a police officer (John Fordham) who was observing Noye from the grounds of his home. Noye was acquitted of murder on the grounds of self-defence, but was sentenced to 14 years in prison in 1986 for handling stolen gold. He was released from prison in 1994, having served 8 years of his sentence. Two years later, in 1996, Noye became involved in an altercation with 21-year-old motorist Stephen Cameron on the M25 motorway during what was described at the time as a road rage incident, but has also been suggested to have been dispute over a drug deal, Cameron being a small-time drug dealer who owed Noye money. It however suited the purposes of both the prosecution and the defence to not mention this during the trial.[1] During the fight, Noye stabbed and killed Cameron with a knife. Noye immediately fled the country, sparking a massive police hunt. In 1998 he was tracked down in Spain, and Cameron’s 17-year old girlfriend Danielle Cable, who had witnessed the killing, was secretly flown out to positively identify him. Another eyewitness, Alan Decabral, declined protection and was shot dead in his car in Ashford, Kent on 5 October 2000. However, police sources stated that he was himself involved in drug and gun-smuggling, and that his death was detrimental to Noye’s forthcoming appeal, which would have concentrated on discrediting him.[2] Noye was a police informant for many years,[3] and he was also a freemason, a member of the Hammersmith Lodge in London. I was contacted by the late mao Tse-Tung who has told me where Mr Shinawatra hid the Gold Bullion. Please forward this message to The Sultan of Brunei from Mr Erik Young in Pattaya Thailand. Erik Young (Henry-Rasmussen-Fogh-Jellinek -Kennedy-Nesbitt) |
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Menjelang kemerdekaannya, Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia banyak membantu negara Kamboja ini. Buku - buku taktik perang karangan perwira militer Indonesia banyak digunakan oleh militer Kamboja. Oleh karenanya, para calon perwira di militer Kamboja, wajib belajar dan dapat berbahasa Indonesia. |
Menjelang kemerdekaannya, Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia banyak membantu negara Kamboja ini. Buku - buku taktik perang karangan perwira militer Indonesia banyak digunakan oleh militer Kamboja. Oleh karenanya, para calon perwira di militer Kamboja, wajib belajar dan dapat berbahasa Indonesia. |
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Revisi per 7 Februari 2009 09.36
PLEASE NOTIFY THE POLICE IN LONDON UK 07-02-2009
Interesting to read that one of the Brinks Matt Robbers had a 17 year old girlfriend when he was 51 years of age just two years older than Thaksin Shinawatra… and these are the same group who have worked with Mr Thaksin Shinawatra for years committing serious crimes around the world. Did the Thai people know that Thaksin Shinawatra was from SPAIN ?????
Did you know Mr Thaksin Shinawatra was one of the people behind the "Brinks Matt Robbery" ? Did you know Mr Thaksin Shinawatra has been involved in crime for over 25 years and that is where he developed his interest in mobile communications the developer (devils-offer) and the crime world ? In particular forging land title deeds in Spain, Gran Canaria, Ibiza and Majorca. Did you know The Shin Corporation was laundering money for the crime world for years ?
Kenneth James Noye (born 24 May 1947) is a British criminal who was convicted of the 1996 murder of Stephen Cameron. Noye was involved in laundering the proceeds of the Brinks Mat robbery in 1983. While he was being investigated for his part in the robbery, he stabbed to death a police officer (John Fordham) who was observing Noye from the grounds of his home. Noye was acquitted of murder on the grounds of self-defence, but was sentenced to 14 years in prison in 1986 for handling stolen gold. He was released from prison in 1994, having served 8 years of his sentence. Two years later, in 1996, Noye became involved in an altercation with 21-year-old motorist Stephen Cameron on the M25 motorway during what was described at the time as a road rage incident, but has also been suggested to have been dispute over a drug deal, Cameron being a small-time drug dealer who owed Noye money. It however suited the purposes of both the prosecution and the defence to not mention this during the trial.[1] During the fight, Noye stabbed and killed Cameron with a knife. Noye immediately fled the country, sparking a massive police hunt. In 1998 he was tracked down in Spain, and Cameron’s 17-year old girlfriend Danielle Cable, who had witnessed the killing, was secretly flown out to positively identify him. Another eyewitness, Alan Decabral, declined protection and was shot dead in his car in Ashford, Kent on 5 October 2000. However, police sources stated that he was himself involved in drug and gun-smuggling, and that his death was detrimental to Noye’s forthcoming appeal, which would have concentrated on discrediting him.[2] Noye was a police informant for many years,[3] and he was also a freemason, a member of the Hammersmith Lodge in London. I was contacted by the late mao Tse-Tung who has told me where Mr Shinawatra hid the Gold Bullion. Please forward this message to The Sultan of Brunei from Mr Erik Young in Pattaya Thailand. Erik Young (Henry-Rasmussen-Fogh-Jellinek -Kennedy-Nesbitt) Menjelang kemerdekaannya, Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia banyak membantu negara Kamboja ini. Buku - buku taktik perang karangan perwira militer Indonesia banyak digunakan oleh militer Kamboja. Oleh karenanya, para calon perwira di militer Kamboja, wajib belajar dan dapat berbahasa Indonesia.
Sejarah
Perkembangan peradaban Kamboja terjadi pada abad 1 Masehi. Selama abad ke-3,4 dan 5 Masehi, negara Funan dan Chenla bersatu untuk membangun daerah Kamboja. Negara-negara ini mempunyai hubungan dekat dengan China dan India. Kekuasaan dua negara ini runtuh ketika Kerajaan Khmer dibangun dan berkuasa pada abad ke-9 sampai abad ke-13.
Kerajaan Khmer masih bertahan hingga abad ke-15. Ibukota Kerajaan Khmer terletak di Angkor, sebuah daerah yang dibangu pada masa kejayaan Khmer. Angkor Wat, yang dibangun juga pada saat itu, menjadi simbol bagi kekuasaan Khmer.
Pada tahun 1432, Khmer dikuasai oleh Kerajaan Thai. Dewan Kerajaan Khmer memindahkan ibukota dari Angkor ke Lovek, dimana Kerajaan mendapat keuntungan besar karena Lovek adalah bandar pelabuhan. Pertahanan Khmer di Lovek akhirnya bisa dikuasai oleh Thai dan Vietnam, dan juga berakibat pada hilangnya sebagian besar daerah Khmer. Peristiwa ini terjadi pada tahun 1594. Selama 3 abad berikutnya, Khmer dikuasai oleh Raja-raja dari Thai dan Vietnam secara bergilir.
Pada tahun 1863, Raja Norodom, yang dilantik oleh Thai, mencari perlindungan kepada Perancis. Pada tahun 1867, Raja Norodom menandatangani perjanjian dengan pihak Perancis yang isinya memberikan hak kontrol provinsi Battambang dan Siem Reap yang menjadi bagian Thai. Akhirnya, kedua daerah ini diberikan pada Kamboja pada tahun 1906 pada perjanjian perbatasan oleh Perancis dan Thai.
Kamboja dijadikan daerah Protektorat oleh Perancis dari tahun 1863 sampai dengan 1953, sebagai daerah dari Koloni Indochina. Setelah penjajahan Jepang pada 1940-an, akhirnya Kamboja meraih kemerdekaannya dari Perancis pada 9 November 1953. Kamboja menjadi sebuah kerajaan konstitusional dibawah kepemimpinan Raja Norodom Sihanouk.
Pada saat Perang Vietnam tahun 1960-an, Kerajaan Kamboja memilih untuk netral. Hal ini tidak dibiarkan oleh petinggi militer, yaitu Jendral Lon Nol dan Pangeran Sirik Matak yang merupakan aliansi pro-AS untuk menyingkirkan Norodom Sihanouk dari kekuasaannya. Dari Beijing, Norodom Sihanouk memutuskan untuk beraliansi dengan gerombolan Khmer Merah, yang bertujuan untuk menguasai kembali tahtanya yang direbut oleh Lon Nol. Hal inilah yang memicu perang saudara timbul di Kamboja.
Khmer Merah akhirnya menguasai daerah ini pada tahun 1975, dan mengubah format Kerajaan menjadi sebuah Republik Demokratik Kamboja yang dipimpin oleh Pol Pot. Mereka dengan segera memindahkan masyarakat perkotaan ke wilayah pedesaan untuk dipekerjakan di pertanian kolektif. Pemerintah yang baru ini menginginkan hasil pertanian yang sama dengan yang terjadi pada abad 11. Mereka menolak pengobatan Barat yang berakibat rakyat Kamboja kelaparan dan tidak ada obat sama sekali di Kamboja.
Pada November 1978, Vietnam menyerbu RD Kamboja untuk menghentikan genosida besar-besaran yang terjadi di Kamboja. Akhirnya, pada tahun 1989, perdamaian mulai digencarkan antara kedua pihak yang bertikai ini di Paris. PBB memeberi mandat untuk mengadakan gencatan senjata antara pihak Norodom Sihanouk dan Lon Nol.
Sekarang, Kamboja mulai berkembang berkat bantuan dari banyak pihak asing setelah perang, walaupun kestabilan negara ini kembali tergoncang setelah sebuah kudeta yang gagal terjadi pada tahun 1997.
Daerah
Kamboja dibagi menjadi 20 provinsi (khett) and 4 kota praja (krong). Daerah Kamboja kemudian dibagi menjadi distrik(srok), komunion (khum), distrik besar (khett), and kepulauan(koh).
- Kota Praja (Krong):
- Phnom Penh
- Sihanoukville (Kampong Som)
- Pailin
- Kep
- Provinsi (Khett):
- Kepulauan (Koh):
Geografi
Kamboja mempunyai area seluas 181.035 km2. Berbatasan dengan Thailand di barat dan utara, Laos di timurlaut dan Vietnam di timur dan tenggara. Kenampakan geografis yang menarik di Kamboja ialah adanya dataran lacustrine yang terbentuk akibat banjir di Tonle Sap. Gunung tertinggi di Kamboja adalah Gunung Phnom Aoral yang berketinggian sekitar 1.813 mdpl.
Cuaca
Berikut ini tabel cuaca dan curah hujan di Phnom Penh Templat:Kotak cuaca phnom penh
Ekonomi
Perekonomian Kamboja sempat turun pada masa Republik Demokratik berkuasa. Tapi, pada tahun 1990-an, Kamboja menunjukkan kemajuan ekonomi yang membanggakan.
Kamboja memiliki industri unggulan yaitu pertanian dan turisme.
Budaya
Budaya di Kamboja sangatlah dipengaruhi oleh agama Buddha Theravada. Diantaranya dengan dibangunnya Angkor Wat. Kamboja juga memiliki atraksi budaya yang lain, seperti, Festival Bonn OmTeuk, yaitu festival balap perahu nasional yang diadakan setiap November. Rakyat Kamboja juga menyukai sepak bola.
Lihat pula
- Kantor dan agen pemerintah Kamboja
- Komunikasi di Kamboja
- Pariwisata di Kamboja
- Militer di Kamboja
- Transportasi di Kamboja
- Hubungan luar negeri Kamboja
- Angkor Wat
- ASEAN