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{{reflist|2|refs= |
{{reflist|2|refs= |
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<ref name="Supremacist">Sources which consider Stormfront a white supremacist website include: |
<ref name="Supremacist">Sources which consider Stormfront a white supremacist website include: |
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*{{cite news|first=David|last=Schwab Abel|work=New Times|date=February 19–25, 1998|url=http://www.stormfront.org/dblack/racist_021998.htm|title=The Racist Next Door|quote=Black's swastika-strewn "Stormfront" – the only white supremacist Website on the Internet before the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City}} |
*{{cite news|first=David|last=Schwab Abel|work=New Times|date=February 19–25, 1998|url=http://www.stormfront.org/dblack/racist_021998.htm|title=The Racist Next Door|quote=Black's swastika-strewn "Stormfront" – the only white supremacist Website on the Internet before the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City|access-date=2013-07-09|archive-date=2012-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104222816/http://www.stormfront.org/dblack/racist_021998.htm|dead-url=yes}} |
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*{{cite news|first=Julie|last=Etchingham|title=Hate.com expands on the net|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/600876.stm|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=January 12, 2000|accessdate=September 14, 2007}} |
*{{cite news|first=Julie|last=Etchingham|title=Hate.com expands on the net|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/600876.stm|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=January 12, 2000|accessdate=September 14, 2007}} |
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*{{cite news|first=Robin|last=Lloyd|title=Web trackers hunt racist groups online|url=http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9908/12/hate.online/|publisher=CNN|date=August 12, 1999|accessdate=September 14, 2007}} |
*{{cite news|first=Robin|last=Lloyd|title=Web trackers hunt racist groups online|url=http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9908/12/hate.online/|publisher=CNN|date=August 12, 1999|accessdate=September 14, 2007}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Gerstenfeld|first=Phyllis B.|title=Hate Crimes: Causes, Controls, and Controversies|publisher=Sage Publications|date=June 26, 2003|page=227|isbn=0-7619-2814-6|accessdate=July 19, 2008|quote=A search for the term 'Stormfront' on the American version of Google results in a list of sites with the white supremacist Web site Stormfront first on the list.}} |
*{{cite book|last=Gerstenfeld|first=Phyllis B.|title=Hate Crimes: Causes, Controls, and Controversies|publisher=Sage Publications|date=June 26, 2003|page=227|isbn=0-7619-2814-6|accessdate=July 19, 2008|quote=A search for the term 'Stormfront' on the American version of Google results in a list of sites with the white supremacist Web site Stormfront first on the list.}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Lane|first=Henry W.|coauthors=DiStefano, Joseph J.; Maznevski, Martha L.|title=International Management Behavior|url=https://archive.org/details/internationalman05edlane_u6n3|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|page=[https://archive.org/details/internationalman05edlane_u6n3/page/n539 539]|year=2006|isbn=1-4051-2671-X|accessdate=July 19, 2008|quote=After his release in 1985, Black launched the first white supremacist Web site. Black's "Stormfront" was one of the largest hate sites on the Internet}} |
*{{cite book|last=Lane|first=Henry W.|coauthors=DiStefano, Joseph J.; Maznevski, Martha L.|title=International Management Behavior|url=https://archive.org/details/internationalman05edlane_u6n3|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|page=[https://archive.org/details/internationalman05edlane_u6n3/page/n539 539]|year=2006|isbn=1-4051-2671-X|accessdate=July 19, 2008|quote=After his release in 1985, Black launched the first white supremacist Web site. Black's "Stormfront" was one of the largest hate sites on the Internet}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Jepson|first=Peter|year |
*{{cite book|last=Jepson|first=Peter|year=2003|title=Tackling Militant Racism|url=https://archive.org/details/tacklingmilitant0000jeps|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|page=[https://archive.org/details/tacklingmilitant0000jeps/page/151 151]|isbn=0-7546-2163-4|accessdate=July 19, 2008|quote=Stormfront is a white supremacist organisation.}} footnote 83.</ref> |
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<ref name="Neonazi">Sources which consider Stormfront a Neo-Nazi website include: |
<ref name="Neonazi">Sources which consider Stormfront a Neo-Nazi website include: |
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Revisi per 26 Januari 2022 08.57
| Stormfront | |
|---|---|
| Berkas:Stormfrontlogo.png | |
| URL | www.stormfront.org |
| Tipe | Forum |
| Bersifat komersial? | Tidak |
| Ideologi | Neo-Nazisme, Supremasi putih, Antifeminisme, Islamofobia, homofobia dan Transfobia  |
| Bahasa | Inggris, dengan sub-forum dalam bahasa Afrika, Kroasia, Denmark, Belanda, Estonia, Suomi, Prancis, Hungaria, Islandia, Italia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norwegia, Portugis, Rusia, Serbia, Spanyol dan Swedia |
| Pemilik | Don Black |
| Pembuat | Don Black |
| Berdiri sejak | 1995 |
| Peringkat Alexa | 18,856 (Agustus 2012[update])[1] |
| Status | Aktif |
Stormfront adalah sebuah situs forum online tentang supremasi putih[2] dan gerakan Neo-Nazi.[3] Forum internet tersebut merupakan situs kebencian pertama di Internet.[4]
Stormfront didirikan pada tahun 1995 oleh mantan pemimpin Ku Klux Klan, Don Black. Di Prancis dan Jerman, Google sudah menghapus indeks situs ini di mesin pencari mereka. Selain itu, beberapa organisasi kemanusiaan mengecam keras keberadaan forum Stormfont.
Referensi
- ^ "Stormfront.org Site Info". Alexa Internet. Diakses tanggal 2012-08-02.
- ^ Sources which consider Stormfront a white supremacist website include:
- Schwab Abel, David (February 19–25, 1998). "The Racist Next Door". New Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-04. Diakses tanggal 2013-07-09.
Black's swastika-strewn "Stormfront" – the only white supremacist Website on the Internet before the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City
- Etchingham, Julie (January 12, 2000). "Hate.com expands on the net". BBC News. BBC. Diakses tanggal September 14, 2007.
- Lloyd, Robin (August 12, 1999). "Web trackers hunt racist groups online". CNN. Diakses tanggal September 14, 2007.
- "Hate on the World Wide Web:A Brief Guide to Cyberspace Bigotry". ADL.org. Anti-Defamation League. October 1998. Diakses tanggal January 1, 2009.
- "Jena Rally Sparks White Supremacist Rage, Lynching Threat". Southern Poverty Law Center. September 20, 2007. Diakses tanggal January 29, 2008.
- Ripley, Amanda (March 5, 2005). "The Bench Under Siege". Time Magazine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-26. Diakses tanggal January 29, 2008.
- Scheneider, Keith (March 13, 1995). "Hate Groups Use Tools Of the Electronic Trade". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Diakses tanggal January 29, 2001.
- Atkins, Stephen E. (August 30, 2002). Encyclopedia of Modern American Extremists and Extremist Groups. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31502-7. Diakses tanggal July 19, 2008.
In 1995 Black brought up a Web site, Stormfront, which now serves as the primary site for white supremacist Internet communications.
- Mooney, Linda A. (2004). "Race and Ethic Relations". Understanding Social Problems. Thomson Wadsworth. hlm. 181. ISBN 0-534-62514-2. Diakses tanggal July 19, 2008.
White supremacist groups such as Stormfront spread their message of racial hate through their Web site.
- Wang, Wally (April 15, 2006). "Hate Groups and Terrorists on the Internet". Steal This Computer Book 4.0: What They Won't Tell You About the Internet (edisi ke-4th). No Starch Press Inc. hlm. 239. ISBN 1-59327-105-0. Diakses tanggal July 19, 2008.
Don Black, an ex-Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and owner of the white supremacist homepage Stormfront (www.stormfront.org)
- Casey, Natasha (February 2006). "'The Best Kept Secret in Retail': Selling Business in Contemporary America". Dalam Negra, Diane. The Irish in Us: Irishness, Performativity, and Popular Culture. Duke University Press. hlm. 94. ISBN 0-8223-3740-1. Diakses tanggal July 19, 2008.
… the inclusion of the Stormfront flag specifically defines its audience as white supremacist.
- Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (June 26, 2003). Hate Crimes: Causes, Controls, and Controversies. Sage Publications. hlm. 227. ISBN 0-7619-2814-6.
A search for the term 'Stormfront' on the American version of Google results in a list of sites with the white supremacist Web site Stormfront first on the list.
- Lane, Henry W. (2006). International Management Behavior. Blackwell Publishing. hlm. 539. ISBN 1-4051-2671-X. Diakses tanggal July 19, 2008.
After his release in 1985, Black launched the first white supremacist Web site. Black's "Stormfront" was one of the largest hate sites on the Internet
- Jepson, Peter (2003). Tackling Militant Racism. Ashgate Publishing. hlm. 151. ISBN 0-7546-2163-4. Diakses tanggal July 19, 2008.
Stormfront is a white supremacist organisation.
footnote 83.
- Schwab Abel, David (February 19–25, 1998). "The Racist Next Door". New Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-04. Diakses tanggal 2013-07-09.
- ^ Sources which consider Stormfront a Neo-Nazi website include:
- Kim, T.K. (2005). "Electronic Storm – Stormfront Grows a Thriving Neo-Nazi Community". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center (118). Diakses tanggal December 30, 2008.
- Zhou, Y (2008). "U.S. Domestic Extremist Groups on the Web: Link and Content Analysis" (PDF). University of Arizona. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2010-07-09. Diakses tanggal December 27, 2008.
Stormfront.org, a neo-Nazi’s Web site set up in 1995, is considered the first major domestic “hate site” on the World Wide Web because of its depth of content and its presentation style which represented a new period for online right-wing extremism
- Eshman, Rob (December 23, 2008). "Jewish Money". The Jewish Journal.
Earlier this week, when I entered the search terms "Madoff" and "Jewish" into Google, the top responses included JewishJournal.com and stormfront.org, a neo-Nazi Web site.
- Hildebrand, Joe (January 1, 2008). "RSL slams Australia Day hijack". The Daily Telegraph. News Corporation.
Much of the activity has been co-ordinated through the neo-Nazi website Stormfront, whose Australian arm is moderated by 18-year-old Newcastle resident Rhys McLean.
- Ezra Levant, Mark Steyn. Shakedown: How Our Government Is Undermining Democracy in the Name of Human Rights. McClelland & Stewart, 2009, ISBN 978-0-7710-4619-3, p. 208. "A particularly rough stretch of road is a neo-Nazi website called Stormfront.org."
- Jeffrey Kaplan, Heléne Lööw. The Cultic Milieu: Oppositional Subcultures in an Age of Globalization. Rowman Altamira, 2002, ISBN 978-0-7591-0204-0, p. 224. "Also, Web Pages such as ...'Stormfront'... in addition to racist, anti-Semitic, and neo-Nazi messages and illustrations, provide links..."
- James Friedman. Reality Squared: Televisual Discourse on the Real. Rutgers University Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0-8135-2989-9, p. 163. "Stormfront provides its viewers with... a general store stocked with Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and neo-Nazi literature and music..."
- Peter Katel, "Hate Groups: Is Extremism on the Rise in the United States?", in CQ Researcher (ed.). Issues in Terrorism and Homeland Security, SAGE, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4129-9201-5, p. 79. "...a March 13 Web post by Poplawski to the neo-Nazi Web site Stormfront."
- Zev Garber. Mel Gibson's Passion: The Film, the Controversy, and its Implications. Purdue University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-1-55753-405-7, p. 147. "...Internet websites (e.g. Angry White Female web-page, Vanguard News Network, Christian Identity website, Stormfront Neo-Nazi website, National Alliance website...)"
- Mark Crispin Miller. Fooled Again: The Real Case for Electoral Reform. Basic Books, 2007, ISBN 978-0-465-04580-8 p. 461. "...appearing on such ultra-rightist websites as Free Republic and the neo-Nazi outfit Stormfront (“WHITE PRIDE WORLD WIDE”)."
- Markos Moulitsas. American Taliban: How War, Sex, Sin, and Power Bind Jihadists and the Radical Right, Polipoint Press, 2010, ISBN 978-1-936227-02-0 P. 56. "Poplawski was active on white supremacist and neo-Nazi Stormfront internet forums."
- Andrew Martin, Patrice Petro. Rethinking Global Security: Media, Popular Culture, and the "War on terror". Rutgers University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8135-3830-3, p. 174. "...9/11 Internet chat-room discussions, including radical hate-group sites like the neo-Nazi Stormfront.org."
- John Gorenfeld, Barry W. Lynn. Bad Moon Rising: How Reverend Moon Created the Washington Times, Seduced the Religious Right, and Built an American Kingdom, Polipoint Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-9794822-3-6, p. 68. "She has even written in to neo-Nazi Web site Stormfront, geeking out together on Peter Jackson's film adaptation;..."
- ^ Sources which identify Stormfront as the Internet's "first hate site" include:
- Levin, Brian (August 21, 2003). "Cyberhate: A Legal and Historical Analysis of Extremists' Use of Computer Networks in America". Dalam Perry, Barbara. Hate and Bias Crime: A Reader. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-94408-2. Diakses tanggal July 21, 2008.
- Ryan, Nick (March 2, 2004). "Thirteen Days". Into a World of Hate: A Journey Among the Extreme Right (edisi ke-1st). Routledge. hlm. 80. ISBN 0-415-94922-X. Diakses tanggal July 21, 2008.
It was Black who would launch Stormfront, the first major extremist hate site.
- Samuels, Shimon (February 6, 1997). "Is the Holocaust unique?". Dalam Rosenbaum, Alan S. Is the Holocaust Unique?: Perspectives on Comparative Genocide. Westview Press. hlm. 218. ISBN 0-8133-3686-4. Diakses tanggal July 21, 2008.
It was Holocaust denier and Ku Klux Klan leader, Don Black, who had founded Stormfront (the very first Internet hate site, in 1995)
- Bolaffi, Guido (December 26, 2002). Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity and Culture (edisi ke-1st). Sage Publications. hlm. 254. ISBN 0-7619-6900-4. Diakses tanggal July 21, 2008.
The first extremist hate site was Stormfront (1995)