Terorisme Islam: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 23 April 2023 05.56

h. Sebenarnya Islam teroris itu hanyalah propaganda kaum Yahudi dan orang orang yang benci Islam dan tidak mengerti ataupun belajar tentang Islam secara benar atau pun tidak merasakan langsung bagaimana menjadi seorang muslim atau islam^[6]a.^[7].^[8],^[9].^[10]^[11]^[12]

Terminologi

Penggunaan istilah "terorisme Islam" secara harfiah hingga kini masih diperdebatkan. Cara penyebutan seperti itu dalam diskursus politik di Barat, dinilai "kontra-produktif", "terlalu dipolitisasi", "secara intelektual dapat dipertanyakan", serta dinilai dapat "merusak hubungan masyarakat".^[13]

Akan tetapi, sementara pihak yang mendukung penggunaan istilah ini menganggap, bahwa penyangkalan penggunakan istilah "terorisme Islam" adalah "menipu diri sendiri", "sensor besar-besaran", serta "ketidakjujuran intelektual".^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]

Contoh organisasi dan aksi

Abu Sayyaf, Philippines
Brigade Syuhada Al-Aqsa, Jalur Gaza dan Tepi Barat
Jamaah Islamiah, Mesir
Al-Qaeda, global
Al-Shabaab, Somalia
Ansar al-Islam, Irak
Ansar al-sharia, Libya
Armed Islamic Group (GIA), Aljazair
Boko Haram, Nigeria
Emirat Kaukasus, Rusia
Gerakan Islam Turkestan Timur (ETIM), China
Jihad Islam Mesir, Mesir
Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front (IBDA-C), Turki
Hamas, Jalur Gaza dan Tepi Barat
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen al-Alami, Pakistan
Hezbollah, Lebanon
Gerakan Islam Asia Tengah, Asia Tengah
Gerakan Islam Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
Negara Islam Iraq dan Suriah, global
Jaish-e-Mohammed, Pakistan dan Kashmir
Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna, Irak
Jemaah Islamiyah, Indonesia
Lashkar-e-Taiba, Pakistan dan Kashmir
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Pakistan
Maute, Filipina
Front Pembebasan Islam Moro, Filipina
Kelompok Kombatan Islam Maroko, Maroko dan Eropa
Jihad Islam Palestina, Jalur Gaza dan Tepi Barat
Tawhid dan Jihad, Irak

Lihat juga

Konflik Arab-Israel
Terorisme Kristen
Kritik terhadap Islamisme
Terorisme domestik
Sejarah terorisme
Iran dan terorisme yang disponsori negara
Islam: Apa yang Harus Diketahui Barat
Ekstremisme Islam
Islamisme
Terorisme agama Yahudi
Daftar serangan teroris Islam
Kekerasan politik Palestina
Agama dan pembangunan perdamaian
Agama damai
Perang agama
Amerika Serikat dan terorisme yang disponsori negara

Referensi

Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674010901.
Bin Laden, Osama; Lawrence, Bruce (2005). Messages to the world: the statements of Osama Bin Laden. Verso. ISBN 978-1844670451.
Cooper, William Wager; Yue, Piyu (2008). Challenges of the muslim world: present, future and past. Emerald Group Publishing. ISBN 978-0444532435.
Dreyfuss, Robert (2006). Devil's Game: How the United States Helped Unleash Fundamentalist Islam. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0805081374.
Sageman, Marc (2004). Understanding terror networks. ISBN 978-0812238082.
Scheuer, Michael; Anonymous (2004). Imperial Hubris: Why the West Is Losing the War on Terror. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books (formerly Brassey's, Inc.). ISBN 978-0965513944.

^ Augustus Richard Norton; Joseph A. Kéchichian (2009). "Terrorism". Dalam John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
^ Thomas Hegghammer (2013). "Terrorism". Dalam Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone. The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. hlm. 545–547.
^ Holbrook, Donald (2010). "Using the Qur'an to Justify Terrorist Violence". Perspectives on Terrorism. Terrorism Research Initiative and Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence. 4 (3).
^ Holbreook, Donald (2014). The Al-Qaeda Doctrine. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm. 30ff, 61ff, 83ff. ISBN 978-1623563141.
^ Yohanan, Friedmann (2003). Morgan, David, ed. Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521827034. OCLC 57256339.
^ "Global Terrorism Index Report 2015" (PDF). Institute for Economics & Peace. November 2015. hlm. 10. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2019-02-07. Diakses tanggal October 5, 2016.
^ Global Terrorism Index 2016 (PDF). Institute for Economics and Peace. 2016. hlm. 4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2019-11-17. Diakses tanggal 14 December 2016.
^ Siddiqui, Mona (August 23, 2014). "Isis: a contrived ideology justifying barbarism and sexual control". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 24, 2014. Diakses tanggal January 7, 2015. Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (link)
^ Constanze Letsch. "Kurdish peshmerga forces arrive in Kobani to bolster fight against Isis". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.
^ Charles Kurzman. "Islamic Statements Against Terrorism". UNC.edu. Diakses tanggal Jan 31, 2017.
^ Fawaz A. Gerges. "Al-Qaida today: a movement at the crossroads". openDemocracy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.
^ Christine Sisto. "Moderate Muslims Stand against ISIS". National Review Online. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.
^ Jackson, Richard (2007). "Constructing Enemies: 'Islamic Terrorism' in Political and Academic Discourse". Government and Opposition. 42 (3): 394–426. doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2007.00229.x. ISSN 0017-257X.
^ "Obama Would Rather Declare War on the English Language than Speak of Islamic Terrorism".
^ Terrorism (4 April 2016). "4 Problems With Obama Censoring 'Islamist Terrorism'". The Federalist.
^ Terrorism (20 June 2016). "Obama Admin Deletes ISIS References From Orlando 911 Calls". The Federalist.
^ "Why can't we talk frankly about Islamic terrorism?".

[1] Augustus Richard Norton; Joseph A. Kéchichian (2009). "Terrorism". Dalam John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[2] Thomas Hegghammer (2013). "Terrorism". Dalam Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone. The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. hlm. 545–547.

[holbrook1-3] Holbrook, Donald (2010). "Using the Qur'an to Justify Terrorist Violence". Perspectives on Terrorism. Terrorism Research Initiative and Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence. 4 (3).

[holbrook2-4] Holbreook, Donald (2014). The Al-Qaeda Doctrine. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm. 30ff, 61ff, 83ff. ISBN 978-1623563141.

[5] Yohanan, Friedmann (2003). Morgan, David, ed. Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521827034. OCLC 57256339.

[6] "Global Terrorism Index Report 2015" (PDF). Institute for Economics & Peace. November 2015. hlm. 10. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2019-02-07. Diakses tanggal October 5, 2016.

[GTI2016-4-7] Global Terrorism Index 2016 (PDF). Institute for Economics and Peace. 2016. hlm. 4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2019-11-17. Diakses tanggal 14 December 2016.

[8] Siddiqui, Mona (August 23, 2014). "Isis: a contrived ideology justifying barbarism and sexual control". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 24, 2014. Diakses tanggal January 7, 2015. Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (link)

[9] Constanze Letsch. "Kurdish peshmerga forces arrive in Kobani to bolster fight against Isis". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.

[kurzman-10] Charles Kurzman. "Islamic Statements Against Terrorism". UNC.edu. Diakses tanggal Jan 31, 2017.

[australia.to-11] Fawaz A. Gerges. "Al-Qaida today: a movement at the crossroads". openDemocracy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.

[12] Christine Sisto. "Moderate Muslims Stand against ISIS". National Review Online. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.

[Jackson2007-13] Jackson, Richard (2007). "Constructing Enemies: 'Islamic Terrorism' in Political and Academic Discourse". Government and Opposition. 42 (3): 394–426. doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2007.00229.x. ISSN 0017-257X.

[14] "Obama Would Rather Declare War on the English Language than Speak of Islamic Terrorism".

[15] Terrorism (4 April 2016). "4 Problems With Obama Censoring 'Islamist Terrorism'". The Federalist.

[16] Terrorism (20 June 2016). "Obama Admin Deletes ISIS References From Orlando 911 Calls". The Federalist.

[17] "Why can't we talk frankly about Islamic terrorism?".

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@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
 {{Islamisme sidebar}}
-'''Terorisme Islam''', '''terorisme Islamis''', atau '''terorisme''' '''Islam radikal''' adalah tindakan [[terorisme]] yang dilakukan oleh [[Muslim|umat Islam]], khususnya golongan [[Islamisme|Islamis]] garis keras, yang didorong motivasi keagamaan.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author1=Augustus Richard Norton|author2=Joseph A. Kéchichian|title=Terrorism|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0796|ref=harv}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=Thomas Hegghammer|title=Terrorism|editor=Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone|encyclopedia=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2013|pages=545-547}}</ref> Teroris Islam membenarkan segala tindakan [[terorisme agama]] dan kekerasan politik ekstrem, melalui visi politik utopis negara [[Pan Islamisme|pan-Islam di]] bawah hukum Syariah dan kebangkitan [[Zaman Kejayaan Islam|Zaman Keemasan Islam]]. Paham ini dikombinasikan dengan penafsiran [[Fundamentalisme Islam|fundamentalis]] (non-tradisional) dari konsep [[jihad]], [[Syahid|mati syahid]], dan konsep agama lainnya yang berasal dari [[Al-Qur'an|Quran]] dan [[Hadis|Hadits]].<ref name="holbrook1">{{Cite journal|last=Holbrook|first=Donald|date=2010|title=Using the Qur'an to Justify Terrorist Violence|journal=Perspectives on Terrorism|publisher=Terrorism Research Initiative and [[Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence]]|volume=4|issue=3}}</ref><ref name="holbrook2">{{Cite book|last=Holbreook|first=Donald|date=2014|title=The Al-Qaeda Doctrine|location=London|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|pages=30ff, 61ff, 83ff|isbn=978-1623563141}}</ref> Terorisme Islam juga muncul dari gagasan [[Supremasisme|supremasi Islam]] yang terangkum dalam formula "Islam ditinggikan dan tidak ada yang lebih tinggi di atasnya".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition|last=Yohanan|first=Friedmann|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0521827034|editor-last=Morgan|editor-first=David|location=Cambridge|pages=|oclc=57256339}}</ref>
+lb.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author1=Augustus Richard Norton|author2=Joseph A. Kéchichian|title=Terrorism|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0796|ref=harv}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=Thomas Hegghammer|title=Terrorism|editor=Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone|encyclopedia=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2013|pages=545-547}}</ref> [[Hadis|Hadits]]<ref name="holbrook1">{{Cite journal|last=Holbrook|first=Donald|date=2010|title=Using the Qur'an to Justify Terrorist Violence|journal=Perspectives on Terrorism|publisher=Terrorism Research Initiative and [[Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence]]|volume=4|issue=3}}</ref><ref name="holbrook2">{{Cite book|last=Holbreook|first=Donald|date=2014|title=The Al-Qaeda Doctrine|location=London|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|pages=30ff, 61ff, 83ff|isbn=978-1623563141}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition|last=Yohanan|first=Friedmann|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0521827034|editor-last=Morgan|editor-first=David|location=Cambridge|pages=|oclc=57256339}}</ref>
-Terorisme Islam telah mengakibatkan sejumlah insiden dan jatuhnya korban, terutama di negara mayoritas berpenduduk Muslim; seperti Irak, [[Perang di Afganistan (2001–sekarang)|Afghanistan]], Nigeria, Pakistan, dan Suriah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf|title=Global Terrorism Index Report 2015|date=November 2015|publisher=Institute for Economics & Peace|page=10|access-date=October 5, 2016|archive-date=2019-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207153725/http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada tahun 2015, Indeks Terorisme Global 2016 menyebutkan bahwa, sebanyak empat kelompok ekstremis Islam terbesar: [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|ISIS]], [[Boko Haram]], [[Taliban]] dan [[Al-Qaeda]]; bertanggung jawab atas 74% dari total kematian akibat terorisme di seluruh dunia.<ref name="GTI2016-4">{{Cite book|title=Global Terrorism Index 2016|date=2016|publisher=Institute for Economics and Peace|page=4|url=http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2016.2.pdf|access-date=14 December 2016|archive-date=2019-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117233155/http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2016.2.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Dalam beberapa dasawarsa terakhir, insiden seperti itu telah pecah dalam skala global, yang berdampak tidak hanya atas [[Dunia Muslim|negara-negara mayoritas Muslim]] di Afrika dan Asia, tetapi juga terhadap negara lain; antara lain negara-negara anggota Uni Eropa, Rusia, Australia, Kanada, [[Israel]], India, [[Britania Raya|Inggris,]] dan Amerika Serikat. Serangan terorisme Islam mengincar Muslim ataupun non-Muslim.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/24/isis-ideology-islamic-militants-british-appeal-iraq-syria|title=Isis: a contrived ideology justifying barbarism and sexual control|last=Siddiqui|first=Mona|authorlink=Mona Siddiqui|date=August 23, 2014|website=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824131118/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/24/isis-ideology-islamic-militants-british-appeal-iraq-syria|archive-date=August 24, 2014|dead-url=unfit|access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref> Di sejumlah negara berpenduduk mayoritas Muslim, para teroris ini berhadapan dengan kelompok perlawanan bersenjata,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/01/kurdish-peshmerga-kobani-isis-syria|title=Kurdish peshmerga forces arrive in Kobani to bolster fight against Isis|last=Constanze Letsch|website=The Guardian|access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref> aparatur negara, dan [[Perang proksi|proksi]] mereka, dan di tempat lain dengan kecaman yang datang dari tokoh-tokoh Islam.<ref name="kurzman">{{Cite web|url=http://kurzman.unc.edu/islamic-statements-against-terrorism/|title=Islamic Statements Against Terrorism|last=Charles Kurzman|authorlink=Charles Kurzman|publisher=UNC.edu|access-date=Jan 31, 2017}}</ref><ref name="australia.to">{{Cite web|url=http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/al-qaida-today-the-fate-of-a-movement|title=Al-Qaida today: a movement at the crossroads|last=Fawaz A. Gerges|authorlink=Fawaz Gerges|website=openDemocracy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025152045/https://www.opendemocracy.net/article/al-qaida-today-the-fate-of-a-movement|archive-date=25 October 2014|dead-url=yes|access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/388593/moderate-muslims-stand-against-isis-christine-sisto|title=Moderate Muslims Stand against ISIS|last=Christine Sisto|website=National Review Online|access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref>
+h. Sebenarnya Islam teroris itu hanyalah propaganda kaum Yahudi dan orang orang yang benci Islam dan tidak mengerti ataupun belajar tentang Islam secara benar atau pun tidak merasakan langsung bagaimana menjadi seorang muslim atau islam<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf|title=Global Terrorism Index Report 2015|date=November 2015|publisher=Institute for Economics & Peace|page=10|access-date=October 5, 2016|archive-date=2019-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207153725/http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>a.<ref name="GTI2016-4">{{Cite book|title=Global Terrorism Index 2016|date=2016|publisher=Institute for Economics and Peace|page=4|url=http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2016.2.pdf|access-date=14 December 2016|archive-date=2019-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117233155/http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2016.2.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/24/isis-ideology-islamic-militants-british-appeal-iraq-syria|title=Isis: a contrived ideology justifying barbarism and sexual control|last=Siddiqui|first=Mona|authorlink=Mona Siddiqui|date=August 23, 2014|website=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824131118/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/24/isis-ideology-islamic-militants-british-appeal-iraq-syria|archive-date=August 24, 2014|dead-url=unfit|access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref>,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/01/kurdish-peshmerga-kobani-isis-syria|title=Kurdish peshmerga forces arrive in Kobani to bolster fight against Isis|last=Constanze Letsch|website=The Guardian|access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref>.<ref name="kurzman">{{Cite web|url=http://kurzman.unc.edu/islamic-statements-against-terrorism/|title=Islamic Statements Against Terrorism|last=Charles Kurzman|authorlink=Charles Kurzman|publisher=UNC.edu|access-date=Jan 31, 2017}}</ref><ref name="australia.to">{{Cite web|url=http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/al-qaida-today-the-fate-of-a-movement|title=Al-Qaida today: a movement at the crossroads|last=Fawaz A. Gerges|authorlink=Fawaz Gerges|website=openDemocracy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025152045/https://www.opendemocracy.net/article/al-qaida-today-the-fate-of-a-movement|archive-date=25 October 2014|dead-url=yes|access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/388593/moderate-muslims-stand-against-isis-christine-sisto|title=Moderate Muslims Stand against ISIS|last=Christine Sisto|website=National Review Online|access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref>
 == Terminologi ==