Sirimavo Bandaranaike: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike''' ({{lahirmati||17|4|1916||10|10|2000}}) adalah seorang [[politisi]] [[Sri Lanka]]. Wanita ini menjabat [[Perdana Menteri Sri Lanka|Perdana Menteri]] [[Sri Lanka]] untuk tiga kali kurun waktu, yaitu pada periode [[1960]]-[[1965]], [[1970]]-[[1977]], dan [[1994]]-[[2000]]. Ia merupakan perdana menteri wanita pertama di dunia. Ia juga seorang Ketua [[Partai Kebebasan Sri Lanka]] (''Sri Lanka Freedom Party'') dan istri dari perdana menteri Sri Lanka sebelumnya, [[Solomon Bandaranaike]]. Suaminya juga atasannya untuk ketiga kali saat dia menjabat sebagai perdana menteri. Ia juga seorang ibu dari Presiden Sri Lanka kelima, [[Chandrika Kumaratunga]], yang mana ia sendiri sebagai perdana menteri untuk masa jabatan ketiga kalinya. Ia juga seorang ibu dari Menteri Pariwisata Sri Lanka [[Anura Bandaranaike]] dan [[Sunethra Bandaranaike]] yang tampil sebagai seorang [[filantropis]]. |
'''Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike''' ({{lahirmati||17|4|1916||10|10|2000}}) adalah seorang [[politisi]] [[Sri Lanka]]. Wanita ini menjabat [[Perdana Menteri Sri Lanka|Perdana Menteri]] [[Sri Lanka]] untuk tiga kali kurun waktu, yaitu pada periode [[1960]]-[[1965]], [[1970]]-[[1977]], dan [[1994]]-[[2000]]. Ia merupakan perdana menteri wanita pertama di dunia. Ia juga seorang Ketua [[Partai Kebebasan Sri Lanka]] (''Sri Lanka Freedom Party'') dan istri dari perdana menteri Sri Lanka sebelumnya, [[Solomon Bandaranaike]]. Suaminya juga atasannya untuk ketiga kali saat dia menjabat sebagai perdana menteri. Ia juga seorang ibu dari Presiden Sri Lanka kelima, [[Chandrika Kumaratunga]], yang mana ia sendiri sebagai perdana menteri untuk masa jabatan ketiga kalinya. Ia juga seorang ibu dari Menteri Pariwisata Sri Lanka [[Anura Bandaranaike]] dan [[Sunethra Bandaranaike]] yang tampil sebagai seorang [[filantropis]]. |
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== Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan == |
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Ia lahir dengan nama Sirimavo Ratwatte di [[Balangoda]], [[Ratnapura]], Sri Lanka pada 17 April 1916 sebagai anak tertua dari enam bersaudara. Ayahnya adalah pemilik lahan kaya dari [[Suku Sinhala]]. Meski beragama Buddha, Sirimavo mendapat pendidikan di Konven St.Bridget di Colombo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|date=2003-01-01|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780192800916.001.0001/acref-9780192800916-e-114|title=Who's Who in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-280091-6|editor-last=Market House Books|language=en|chapter=Bandaranaike, Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias|doi=10.1093/acref/9780192800916.001.0001/acref-9780192800916-e-114|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2000-10-10|title=Sirimavo Bandaranaike: First woman premier|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/964914.stm|website=BBC News|access-date=2023-07-29}}</ref> Pada 1940, ia menikahi Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike. Pada dekade 1940an hingga 1950an, ia mendukung penuh karier politik suaminya dan mempromosikan reformasi sosial kaum perempuan dengan menjadi sukarelawan pada institusi pedesaan yang berafiliasi dengan Asosiasi Perempuan Seluruh Sri Lanka (''All Ceylon Women's Association'').<ref name=":0" /> Suaminya, Solomon, kemudian menjadi Perdana Menteri Sri Lanka periode 1956-1959, sebelum tewas dibunuh oleh [[biksu]] [[Buddha]]. |
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⚫ | <!--On her husband's assassination, Bandaranaike took over the leadership of his [[Sri Lanka Freedom Party]], which he had formed and led to election victory in [[1956]], and kept it for ''40'' years until her death. She became prime minister on [[July 21]], [[1960]] and ruled her country on and off throughout the 1960s and 1970s until she was crushingly defeated in a general election in [[1977]]. In [[1980]], she was expelled from parliament for abuse of power, and banned from public office for seven years. |
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⚫ | == Karier politik ==<!--On her husband's assassination, Bandaranaike took over the leadership of his [[Sri Lanka Freedom Party]], which he had formed and led to election victory in [[1956]], and kept it for ''40'' years until her death. She became prime minister on [[July 21]], [[1960]] and ruled her country on and off throughout the 1960s and 1970s until she was crushingly defeated in a general election in [[1977]]. In [[1980]], she was expelled from parliament for abuse of power, and banned from public office for seven years. |
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A staunch [[socialist]], Bandaranaike continued her husband's policies of nationalizing key sectors of the economy, such as banking and insurance. Unfortunately, she was on a roller-coaster ride from the moment she took office and within a year of her [[1960]] election victory she declared a ''state of emergency''. This followed a [[civil disobedience]] campaign by part of the country's minority [[Tamil people|Tamil]] population who were outraged by her decision to drop [[English language|English]] as an official language and her order to conduct all government business in [[Sinhala]], the language of the majority [[Sinhalese]]. This they considered a highly discriminatory act and an attempt to deny Tamils access to all official posts and the law. This lead to an increase in Tamil militancy which escalated under succeeding administrations. |
A staunch [[socialist]], Bandaranaike continued her husband's policies of nationalizing key sectors of the economy, such as banking and insurance. Unfortunately, she was on a roller-coaster ride from the moment she took office and within a year of her [[1960]] election victory she declared a ''state of emergency''. This followed a [[civil disobedience]] campaign by part of the country's minority [[Tamil people|Tamil]] population who were outraged by her decision to drop [[English language|English]] as an official language and her order to conduct all government business in [[Sinhala]], the language of the majority [[Sinhalese]]. This they considered a highly discriminatory act and an attempt to deny Tamils access to all official posts and the law. This lead to an increase in Tamil militancy which escalated under succeeding administrations. |
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Bandaranaike became Prime Minister again, but the constitution had changed since her last tenure; she, as the Prime Minister was subordinate to her daughter, the President. She remained in office until her death, but had little real power. She died on election day, having cast her vote for the last time.--> |
Bandaranaike became Prime Minister again, but the constitution had changed since her last tenure; she, as the Prime Minister was subordinate to her daughter, the President. She remained in office until her death, but had little real power. She died on election day, having cast her vote for the last time.--> |
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== Kematian == |
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Revisi per 29 Juli 2023 00.18
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Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike (17 April 1916 – 10 Oktober 2000) adalah seorang politisi Sri Lanka. Wanita ini menjabat Perdana Menteri Sri Lanka untuk tiga kali kurun waktu, yaitu pada periode 1960-1965, 1970-1977, dan 1994-2000. Ia merupakan perdana menteri wanita pertama di dunia. Ia juga seorang Ketua Partai Kebebasan Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka Freedom Party) dan istri dari perdana menteri Sri Lanka sebelumnya, Solomon Bandaranaike. Suaminya juga atasannya untuk ketiga kali saat dia menjabat sebagai perdana menteri. Ia juga seorang ibu dari Presiden Sri Lanka kelima, Chandrika Kumaratunga, yang mana ia sendiri sebagai perdana menteri untuk masa jabatan ketiga kalinya. Ia juga seorang ibu dari Menteri Pariwisata Sri Lanka Anura Bandaranaike dan Sunethra Bandaranaike yang tampil sebagai seorang filantropis.
Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan
Ia lahir dengan nama Sirimavo Ratwatte di Balangoda, Ratnapura, Sri Lanka pada 17 April 1916 sebagai anak tertua dari enam bersaudara. Ayahnya adalah pemilik lahan kaya dari Suku Sinhala. Meski beragama Buddha, Sirimavo mendapat pendidikan di Konven St.Bridget di Colombo.[1][2] Pada 1940, ia menikahi Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike. Pada dekade 1940an hingga 1950an, ia mendukung penuh karier politik suaminya dan mempromosikan reformasi sosial kaum perempuan dengan menjadi sukarelawan pada institusi pedesaan yang berafiliasi dengan Asosiasi Perempuan Seluruh Sri Lanka (All Ceylon Women's Association).[1] Suaminya, Solomon, kemudian menjadi Perdana Menteri Sri Lanka periode 1956-1959, sebelum tewas dibunuh oleh biksu Buddha.
Karier politik
Kematian
Didahului oleh: Dudley Senanayake |
Perdana Menteri Sri Lanka 21 Juli 1960–27 Maret 1965 |
Diteruskan oleh: Dudley Senanayake |
Didahului oleh: Dudley Senanayake |
Perdana Menteri Sri Lanka 29 Mei 1970–23 Juli 1977 |
Diteruskan oleh: Junius Richard Jayewardene |
Didahului oleh: Chandrika Kumaratunga |
Perdana Menteri Sri Lanka 14 November 1994–10 Agustus 2000 |
Diteruskan oleh: Ratnasiri Wickremanayake |
- ^ a b Market House Books, ed. (2003-01-01). "Bandaranaike, Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias". Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780192800916.001.0001/acref-9780192800916-e-114. ISBN 978-0-19-280091-6.
- ^ "Sirimavo Bandaranaike: First woman premier". BBC News. 2000-10-10. Diakses tanggal 2023-07-29.