Pengepungan Toulon (1793): Perbedaan antara revisi
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Add 2 books for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20240509)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot |
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* {{Cite book|last=Forczyk|first=Robert|title=Campaign Series: Toulon 1793, Napoleon's first great victory|publisher=Osprey Military Publishings|year=2005|isbn=978-1846036743|location=Botley, Oxfordshire, UK|oclc=646790061}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Forczyk|first=Robert|title=Campaign Series: Toulon 1793, Napoleon's first great victory|publisher=Osprey Military Publishings|year=2005|isbn=978-1846036743|location=Botley, Oxfordshire, UK|oclc=646790061}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Digby|title=The Greenhill Napoleonic wars data book|publisher=Greenhill Books Stackpole Books|year=1998|isbn=978-1-85367-276-7|publication-place=London; Mechanicsburg, PA|oclc=37616149}} |
* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Digby|title=The Greenhill Napoleonic wars data book|publisher=Greenhill Books Stackpole Books|year=1998|isbn=978-1-85367-276-7|publication-place=London; Mechanicsburg, PA|oclc=37616149}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Digby|title=Napoleon's Regiments: Battle Histories of the Regiments of the French Army, 1792–1815|publisher=Greenhill Books|year=2000|isbn=978-1853674136|location=London|oclc=43787649}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Digby|title=Napoleon's Regiments: Battle Histories of the Regiments of the French Army, 1792–1815|url=https://archive.org/details/napoleonsregimen0000smit|publisher=Greenhill Books|year=2000|isbn=978-1853674136|location=London|oclc=43787649}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Duncan|first=Captain Francis|title=History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, Volume II|publisher=John Murray, Albemarle Street|year=1873|location=London}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Duncan|first=Captain Francis|title=History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, Volume II|publisher=John Murray, Albemarle Street|year=1873|location=London}} |
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* Chandler, David. ''The Campaigns of Napoleon''. Simon & Schuster, 1966. {{ISBN|0-02-523660-1}} |
* Chandler, David. ''The Campaigns of Napoleon''. Simon & Schuster, 1966. {{ISBN|0-02-523660-1}} |
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* Ireland, Bernard. ''The Fall of Toulon: The Last Opportunity to Defeat the French Revolution''. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005. {{ISBN|0-297-84612-4}} |
* Ireland, Bernard. ''The Fall of Toulon: The Last Opportunity to Defeat the French Revolution''. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005. {{ISBN|0-297-84612-4}} |
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* {{cite book|last=James|first=William|title=The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 1, 1793–1796|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|year=2002|isbn=0-85177-905-0|location=London|author-link=William James (naval historian)|orig-year=1827}} |
* {{cite book|last=James|first=William|title=The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 1, 1793–1796|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|year=2002|isbn=0-85177-905-0|location=London|author-link=William James (naval historian)|orig-year=1827}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Rodger|first=N.A.M.|title=The Command of the Ocean|publisher=Allan Lane|year=2004|isbn=0-71399-411-8|author-link=Nicholas Rodger}} |
* {{cite book|last=Rodger|first=N.A.M.|title=The Command of the Ocean|url=https://archive.org/details/commandofoceanna0000rodg_o2a6|publisher=Allan Lane|year=2004|isbn=0-71399-411-8|author-link=Nicholas Rodger}} |
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* Smith, Digby. ''The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book''. Greenhill Books, 1998. {{ISBN|1-85367-276-9}} |
* Smith, Digby. ''The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book''. Greenhill Books, 1998. {{ISBN|1-85367-276-9}} |
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* {{cite book|editor-last=Tracy|editor-first=Nicholas |title=The Naval Chronicle, Volume 1, 1793–1798|publisher=Chatham Publishing|year=1998|isbn=1-86176-091-4|location=London}} |
* {{cite book|editor-last=Tracy|editor-first=Nicholas |title=The Naval Chronicle, Volume 1, 1793–1798|publisher=Chatham Publishing|year=1998|isbn=1-86176-091-4|location=London}} |
Revisi terkini sejak 10 Mei 2024 00.30
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Napoleon Bonaparte
Pengepungan Toulon (29 Agustus – 19 Desember 1793) adalah keterlibatan militer yang terjadi selama pemberontakan Federalis dan Perang Koalisi Pertama, bagian dari Perang Revolusi Prancis. Perang ini dilakukan oleh pasukan Republik Prancis Pertama melawan pemberontak Royalis yang didukung oleh pasukan Inggris-Spanyol di kota Toulon, Prancis selatan. Selama pengepungan inilah Napoleon Bonaparte muda pertama kali meraih ketenaran dan kenaikan pangkat ketika rencananya, yang melibatkan perebutan benteng di atas pelabuhan, berhasil memaksa kota itu menyerah dan armada Inggris-Spanyol mundur. Pengepungan ini menandai keterlibatan pertama Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Inggris dalam Revolusi Prancis.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Sumber
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Krebs, Chef d'Escadron d'Artillerie, Léonce; Moris, Henri (1891). Compagnes dans Les Alpes pendant La Révolution. Paris.
- Chartrand, René (1999). Men-at-Arms Series: Émigré & Foreign Troops in British Service (Part I, 1793–1802). Botley, Oxfordshire, UK: Osprey Military Publishings. ISBN 978-1472807205. OCLC 1021804719.
- Forczyk, Robert (2005). Campaign Series: Toulon 1793, Napoleon's first great victory. Botley, Oxfordshire, UK: Osprey Military Publishings. ISBN 978-1846036743. OCLC 646790061.
- Smith, Digby (1998). The Greenhill Napoleonic wars data book. London; Mechanicsburg, PA: Greenhill Books Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-1-85367-276-7. OCLC 37616149.
- Smith, Digby (2000). Napoleon's Regiments: Battle Histories of the Regiments of the French Army, 1792–1815. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1853674136. OCLC 43787649.
- Duncan, Captain Francis (1873). History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, Volume II. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street.
- Chandler, David. The Campaigns of Napoleon. Simon & Schuster, 1966. ISBN 0-02-523660-1
- Clowes, William Laird (1997) [1899]. The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume IV. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-86176-013-2.
- Ireland, Bernard. The Fall of Toulon: The Last Opportunity to Defeat the French Revolution. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005. ISBN 0-297-84612-4
- James, William (2002) [1827]. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 1, 1793–1796. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-905-0.
- Rodger, N.A.M. (2004). The Command of the Ocean. Allan Lane. ISBN 0-71399-411-8.
- Smith, Digby. The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book. Greenhill Books, 1998. ISBN 1-85367-276-9
- Tracy, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Naval Chronicle, Volume 1, 1793–1798. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-86176-091-4.
- Usherwood, Stephen. "The Siege of Toulon, 1793." History Today (Jan 1972), Vol. 22 Issue 1, hlm. 17–24 online.