Enûma Elish: Perbedaan antara revisi
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This epic is one of the most important sources for understanding the [[Babylonia]]n worldview, centered on the supremacy of [[Marduk]] and the creation of humankind for the service of the [[Mesopotamian deities|gods]]. Its primary original purpose, however, is not an exposition of [[theology]] or [[theogony]] but the elevation of Marduk, the chief god of [[Babylon]], above other Mesopotamian gods. |
This epic is one of the most important sources for understanding the [[Babylonia]]n worldview, centered on the supremacy of [[Marduk]] and the creation of humankind for the service of the [[Mesopotamian deities|gods]]. Its primary original purpose, however, is not an exposition of [[theology]] or [[theogony]] but the elevation of Marduk, the chief god of [[Babylon]], above other Mesopotamian gods. |
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The ''Enûma Eliš'' exists in various copies from Babylon and Assyria. The version from Ashurbanipal's library dates to the 7th century BCE. The composition of the text probably dates to the [[Bronze Age]], to the time of [[Hammurabi]] or perhaps the early [[Kassites|Kassite]] era (roughly 18th to 16th centuries BCE), although some scholars favour a later date of ca. 1100 BCE.<ref>Bernard Frank Batto, Slaying the dragon: mythmaking in the biblical tradition, Westminster John Knox Press, 1992, ISBN |
The ''Enûma Eliš'' exists in various copies from Babylon and Assyria. The version from Ashurbanipal's library dates to the 7th century BCE. The composition of the text probably dates to the [[Bronze Age]], to the time of [[Hammurabi]] or perhaps the early [[Kassites|Kassite]] era (roughly 18th to 16th centuries BCE), although some scholars favour a later date of ca. 1100 BCE.<ref>Bernard Frank Batto, Slaying the dragon: mythmaking in the biblical tradition, Westminster John Knox Press, 1992, ISBN 978-0-664-25353-0, p. 35.</ref> |
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==Summary== |
==Summary== |
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| Baris 55: | Baris 55: | ||
<blockquote>"In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was without form and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters. |
<blockquote>"In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was without form and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters. |
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And God said, ‘Let there be light,’ and there was light. |
And God said, ‘Let there be light,’ and there was light. |
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"<ref>Richard Elliott Friedman, ''The Bible with Sources Revealed'', HarperOne, 2003. ISBN |
"<ref>Richard Elliott Friedman, ''The Bible with Sources Revealed'', HarperOne, 2003. ISBN 0-06-053069-3</ref></blockquote> |
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However, these parallels do not necessarily suggest that Hebrew beliefs about the nature of God and creation can be completely explained as having their origins in the creation myths of the time. Rather, many biblical scholars see the Genesis texts as polemically addressing the Babylonian worldview. For example, Conrad Hyers, from Princeton Theological Seminary, argues that the composition of the Genesis 1 creation account is not "a matter of borrowing, as one might borrow an egg here and a cup of sugar there, or even a new recipe. The aim is not to appropriate a superior form, or to make an eclectic compromise, or even to improve upon pagan cosmologies. It is rather to repudiate the divinization of nature and the attendant myths of divine origins, divine conflict, and divine ascent. Even the great Marduk, who was said to be born of the gods, victorious over chaotic forces, and elevated to supremacy among the gods, was no god at all." <ref> Conrad Hyers, "The Meaning of Creation: Genesis and Modern Science", John Knox, 1984. </ref> |
However, these parallels do not necessarily suggest that Hebrew beliefs about the nature of God and creation can be completely explained as having their origins in the creation myths of the time. Rather, many biblical scholars see the Genesis texts as polemically addressing the Babylonian worldview. For example, Conrad Hyers, from Princeton Theological Seminary, argues that the composition of the Genesis 1 creation account is not "a matter of borrowing, as one might borrow an egg here and a cup of sugar there, or even a new recipe. The aim is not to appropriate a superior form, or to make an eclectic compromise, or even to improve upon pagan cosmologies. It is rather to repudiate the divinization of nature and the attendant myths of divine origins, divine conflict, and divine ascent. Even the great Marduk, who was said to be born of the gods, victorious over chaotic forces, and elevated to supremacy among the gods, was no god at all." <ref> Conrad Hyers, "The Meaning of Creation: Genesis and Modern Science", John Knox, 1984. </ref> |
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==Edisi dan terjemahan== |
== Edisi dan terjemahan == |
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*[http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/blc/blc07.htm The Seven Tablets of Creation], The Babylonian Legends of Creation, by E. A. Wallis Budge, [1921], at sacred-texts.com |
*[http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/blc/blc07.htm The Seven Tablets of Creation], The Babylonian Legends of Creation, by E. A. Wallis Budge, [1921], at sacred-texts.com |
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*''Seven Tablets of Creation'', Luzac's Semitic Text and Translation Series, No 12 & 13, ISBN 978- |
*''Seven Tablets of Creation'', Luzac's Semitic Text and Translation Series, No 12 & 13, ISBN 978-0-404-11344-5 (1973). |
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*L. W. King, ''Enûma Eliš: The Seven Tablets of Creation'', London (1902); 1999 reprint ISBN 978- |
*L. W. King, ''Enûma Eliš: The Seven Tablets of Creation'', London (1902); 1999 reprint ISBN 978-1-58509-043-3; 2002 reprint ISBN 1-4021-5905-6. |
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*Anton Deimel, ''Enûma Eliš'' (1936). |
*Anton Deimel, ''Enûma Eliš'' (1936). |
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*W. C. Lambert, S. B. Parker, ''Enûma Eliš. The Babylonian Epic of Creation'', Oxford (1966). |
*W. C. Lambert, S. B. Parker, ''Enûma Eliš. The Babylonian Epic of Creation'', Oxford (1966). |
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*D. D. Luckenbill, ''The Ashur Version of the Seven Tablets of Creation'', The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Oct., 1921), pp. 12-35 . |
*D. D. Luckenbill, ''The Ashur Version of the Seven Tablets of Creation'', The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Oct., 1921), pp. 12-35 . |
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==Lihat pula== |
== Lihat pula == |
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*[[Religions of the Ancient Near East]] |
*[[Religions of the Ancient Near East]] |
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*[[Mesopotamian pantheon]] |
*[[Mesopotamian pantheon]] |
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==Catatan== |
== Catatan == |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
{{Reflist|2}} |
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==Referensi== |
== Referensi == |
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*F. N. H. Al-Rawi, J. A. Black, ''A New Manuscript of Enūma Eliš, Tablet VI'', Journal of Cuneiform Studies (1994). |
*F. N. H. Al-Rawi, J. A. Black, ''A New Manuscript of Enūma Eliš, Tablet VI'', Journal of Cuneiform Studies (1994). |
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*H. L. J. Vanstiphout, ''Enūma eliš: Tablet V Lines 15-22'', Journal of Cuneiform Studies (1981). |
*H. L. J. Vanstiphout, ''Enūma eliš: Tablet V Lines 15-22'', Journal of Cuneiform Studies (1981). |
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*Alexander Heidel, "Babylonian Genesis" (1951) ([http://books.google.com.kh/books?id=ge3AT4SewpgC&dq=heidel+alexander+babylonian+genesis&pg=PP1&ots=0Ww_aokgVb&sig=LOJgKz9ThCzI7pTHQLorgxVCgWg&prev=http://www.google.com.kh/search%3Fq%3DHeidel%252C%2BAlexander%2BBabylonian%2BGenesis%26ie%3Dutf-8%26oe%3Dutf-8%26aq%3Dt%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26client%3Dfirefox-a&sa=X&oi=print&ct=title&cad=one-book-with-thumbnail google books link]) |
*Alexander Heidel, "Babylonian Genesis" (1951) ([http://books.google.com.kh/books?id=ge3AT4SewpgC&dq=heidel+alexander+babylonian+genesis&pg=PP1&ots=0Ww_aokgVb&sig=LOJgKz9ThCzI7pTHQLorgxVCgWg&prev=http://www.google.com.kh/search%3Fq%3DHeidel%252C%2BAlexander%2BBabylonian%2BGenesis%26ie%3Dutf-8%26oe%3Dutf-8%26aq%3Dt%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26client%3Dfirefox-a&sa=X&oi=print&ct=title&cad=one-book-with-thumbnail google books link]) |
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==Pranala luar== |
== Pranala luar == |
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* [http://www.ancient.eu.com/article/225/ Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Epic of Creation] on Ancient History Encyclopedia (includes the original text) |
* [http://www.ancient.eu.com/article/225/ Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Epic of Creation] on Ancient History Encyclopedia (includes the original text) |
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* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/af/af12.htm The Theogonies of Damascius] |
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/af/af12.htm The Theogonies of Damascius] |
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[[de:Enûma elîsch]] |
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[[nl:Enuma Elish]] |
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Revisi per 29 Mei 2012 09.36
 | Artikel ini perlu diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia. |
| Bulan Sabit Subur seri mitos | |
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| Mesopotamia | |
| Mitos Levantin | |
| Mitos Arabia | |
| Agama Yazidik | |
| Mitologi Mesopotamia Topik | |
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Enûma Elish merupakan mitologi penciptaan Babilonia yang ditemukan oleh Austen Henry Layard pada tahun 1849 dalam bentuk terpisah-pisah di reruntuhan perpustakaan Ashurbanipal di Niniwe, Mosul, Irak, dan dipublikasikan oleh Assyriologist bernama George Smith tahun 1876. [1]
Enûma Elish terdiri dari seribu baris dan dicatat dalam bahasa Babilonia kuno pada tujuh clay tablets yang masing-masing berisi antara 115 sampai 170 baris teks.
Edisi dan terjemahan
- The Seven Tablets of Creation, The Babylonian Legends of Creation, by E. A. Wallis Budge, [1921], at sacred-texts.com
- Seven Tablets of Creation, Luzac's Semitic Text and Translation Series, No 12 & 13, ISBN 978-0-404-11344-5 (1973).
- L. W. King, Enûma Eliš: The Seven Tablets of Creation, London (1902); 1999 reprint ISBN 978-1-58509-043-3; 2002 reprint ISBN 1-4021-5905-6.
- Anton Deimel, Enûma Eliš (1936).
- W. C. Lambert, S. B. Parker, Enûma Eliš. The Babylonian Epic of Creation, Oxford (1966).
- D. D. Luckenbill, The Ashur Version of the Seven Tablets of Creation, The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Oct., 1921), pp. 12-35 .
Lihat pula
Catatan
Referensi
- F. N. H. Al-Rawi, J. A. Black, A New Manuscript of Enūma Eliš, Tablet VI, Journal of Cuneiform Studies (1994).
- H. L. J. Vanstiphout, Enūma eliš: Tablet V Lines 15-22, Journal of Cuneiform Studies (1981).
- B. Landsberger, J. V. Kinnier Wilson, The Fifth Tablet of Enuma Eliš, Journal of Near Eastern Studies (1961).
- Arvid S. Kapelrud, The Mythological Features in Genesis Chapter I and the Author's Intentions, Vetus Testamentum (1974) (jstor link).
- Alexander Heidel, "Babylonian Genesis" (1951) (google books link)
Pranala luar
- Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Epic of Creation on Ancient History Encyclopedia (includes the original text)
- The Theogonies of Damascius
- http://wikisource.org/wiki/Enuma_Elish
- The full surviving text of the Enûma Elish
- Genesis and Enûma Elish creation myth comparisons
- A cuneiform text of Tablet I with translation and explanation in detail