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| class = IV<ref name=hcob849_11/>
| class = IV<ref name=hcob849_11/>
| constellation = [[konstelasi Herkules|Hercules]]
| constellation = [[konstelasi Herkules|Hercules]]
| ra = {{RA|17|17|07.39}}<ref name=aj140_6_1830/>
| dec = {{DEC|+43|08|09.4}}<ref name=aj140_6_1830/>
| dist_ly = {{Convert|26.7|kly|kpc|abbr=on|lk=on}}<ref name=apj721_2_1790/>
| appmag_v = +6.3<ref name="simbad" {{Infobox globular cluster
| name = Messier 92
| image = [[Image:M92 Hubble WikiSky.jpg|250px]]
| caption = Center of M92 by [[Hubble Space Telescope|HST]]; 1.44' view
| credit =
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| class = IV<ref name=hcob849_11/>
| constellation = [[Hercules constellation|Hercules]]
| ra = {{RA|17|17|07.39}}<ref name=aj140_6_1830/>
| ra = {{RA|17|17|07.39}}<ref name=aj140_6_1830/>
| dec = {{DEC|+43|08|09.4}}<ref name=aj140_6_1830/>
| dec = {{DEC|+43|08|09.4}}<ref name=aj140_6_1830/>
| dist_ly = {{Convert|26.7|kly|kpc|abbr=on|lk=on}}<ref name=apj721_2_1790/>
| dist_ly = {{Convert|26.7|kly|kpc|abbr=on|lk=on}}<ref name=apj721_2_1790/>
| appmag_v = +6.3<ref name="simbad" />
| appmag_v = +6.3<ref name="simbad" />
| size_v = 14' arc minutes
| mass_msol = {{Val|2.0|e=5}}<ref name=mnras406_3_2000/>
| radius_ly =
| v_hb =
| metal_fe = –2.16<ref name=mnras404_3_1203/>
| age = {{nowrap|14.2 ± 1.2 Gyr}}<ref name=aj133_6_2787/>
| notes =
| names = M92, [[New General Catalogue|NGC]] 6341, GCl 59<ref name="simbad" />
}}
'''Messier 92''' (juga dikenal dengan '''M92''' atau '''NGC 6341''') adalah sebuah [[gugus bola]] dari bintang disebelah utara [[constellation]] [[Hercules (konstelasi)|Hercules]]. Messier 92 di temukan oleh [[Johann Elert Bode]] pada 1777, dan kemudian dipublikasikan ''[[Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch|Jahrbuch]]'' pada 1779.<ref name=kanas2007/> Gugusan ini secara terpisah ditemukan oleh [[Charles Messier]] pada 18 Maret, 1781 dan dimasukkan dalam urutan ke 92 pada katalognya.<ref name=garfinckle1997/> M92 berjarak sekitar 26.700 [[tahun cahaya]] jauhnya dari [[Bumi]].

{{multiple image
| align = left
| direction = vertical
| width = 220
| image1 = M92HunterWilson.jpg
| caption1 = Messier 92 with amateur telescope
| image2 = M92 arp 750pix.jpg
| caption2 = Messier 92 from the [[Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes]]
}}
Messier 92 adalah salah satu gugusan bola yang paling terang dibelahan [[Bumi]] utara, tapi Messier 92 sering terlewatkan oleh atronom amatir karena kedekatannya terhadap [[Messier 13]] yang lebih spektakuler. Messier 92 dapat dilihat dengan mata telanjang pada kondisi yang sangat bagus.<ref name=maa/>

Among the Milky Way population of globular clusters, Messier 92 termasuk gugusan yang paling terang diatara among the brighter clusters in terms of [[absolute magnitude]]. Messier 92 juga termasuk salalh satu gugusan yang paling tua. Messier 92 terletak disekitar {{Convert|16|kly|kpc|abbr=on|lk=on}} diatas [[galactic plane]] dan {{Convert|33|kly|kpc|abbr=on|lk=off}} dari [[Pusat Galaksi]].<ref name=aj133_3_1041/> The heliocentric distance of Messier 92 is {{Convert|26.7|kly|kpc|abbr=on|lk=off}}. The half-light radius, or radius containing half of the light emission from the cluster, is 1.09&nbsp;[[arcminute]]s, while the tidal radius is 15.17&nbsp;arcminutes. It appears only slightly flattened, with the minor axis being about 89% ± 3% as large as the major axis.<ref name=apj721_2_1790/>

Characteristic of other globulars, Messier 92 has a very low abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium; what astronomers term its [[metallicity]]. Relative to the Sun, the abundance of iron in the cluster is given by [Fe/H]&nbsp;= –2.29&nbsp;[[log 10|dex]],<ref name=aj133_3_1041/> which equates to only 0.5% of the solar abundance.<ref>Since 10<sup>–2.29</sup> = 0.00513.</ref> This puts the estimated age range for the cluster at {{nowrap|14.2 ± 1.2 billion years}}, or roughly the [[age of the Universe]].<ref name=aj133_6_2787/>

The cluster is not currently in a state of [[core collapse (gugusan)|core collapse]] and the core radius is about 2&nbsp;[[arcsecond]]s.<ref name=aj133_3_1041/> It is an [[Pieter Oosterhoff|Oosterhoff]] type II (OoII) globular cluster, which means it belongs to the group of metal poor clusters with longer period [[RR Lyrae variable]] stars. The 1997 ''Catalogue of Variable Stars in Globular Clusters'' listed 28 candidate variable stars in the cluster, although only 20 have been confirmed. As of 2001, there are 17 known RR Lyrae variables in Messier 92.<ref name=aaa369_862/> 10 X-ray sources have been detected within the 1.02&nbsp;arcminute half-mass radius of the cluster, of which half are candidate [[cataclysmic variable star]]s.<ref name=apj736_2_158/>

==Referensi==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="simbad">{{cite web | title=SIMBAD Astronomical Database | work=Results for NGC 6341 | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/Simbad | accessdate=2006-11-17}}</ref>

<ref name=kanas2007>{{citation | first1=Nick | last1=Kanas | title=Star maps: history, artistry, and cartography | series=Springer-Praxis books in popular astronomy | publisher=Springer | year=2007 | isbn=0387716688 | page=180 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xepttjhzaH8C&pg=PA180 }}</ref>

<ref name=garfinckle1997>{{citation | first1=Robert A. | last1=Garfinkle | title=Star-Hopping: Your Visa to Viewing the Universe | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1997 | isbn=0521598893 | page=131 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=40JzBYGREL0C&pg=PA131 }}</ref>

<ref name=aj133_3_1041>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Drukier | first1=G. A. | last2=Cohn | first2=H. N. | last3=Lugger | first3=P. M. | last4=Slavin | first4=S. D. | last5=Berrington | first5=R. C. | last6=Murphy | first6=B. W. | title=The Global Kinematics of the Globular Cluster M92 | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=133 | issue=3 | pages=1041–1057 | month=March | year=2007 | doi=10.1086/510721 | bibcode=2007AJ....133.1041D |arxiv = astro-ph/0611246 }}</ref>

<ref name=aaa369_862>{{citation | last1=Kopacki | first1=G. | title=Variable stars in the globular cluster M 92 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=369 | pages=862–870 | month=April | year=2001 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20010155 | bibcode=2001A&A...369..862K | issue=3 }}</ref>

<ref name=aj133_6_2787>{{citation | last1=Paust | first1=Nathaniel E. Q. | last2=Chaboyer | first2=Brian | last3=Sarajedini | first3=Ata | title=BVI Photometry and the Luminosity Functions of the Globular Cluster M92 | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=133 | issue=6 | pages=2787–2798 | month=June | year=2007 | doi=10.1086/513511 | bibcode=2007AJ....133.2787P |arxiv = astro-ph/0703167 }}</ref>

<ref name=apj736_2_158>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Lu | first1=Ting-Ni | last2=Kong | first2=Albert K. H. | last3=Verbunt | first3=Frank | last4=Lewin | first4=Walter H. G. | last5=Anderson | first5=Scott F. | last6=Pooley | first6=David | title=Chandra and HST Studies of the X-Ray Sources in Galactic Globular Cluster M92 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=736 | issue=2 | page=158 | month=August | year=2011 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/158 | bibcode=2011ApJ...736..158L }}</ref>

<ref name=aj140_6_1830>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Goldsbury | first1=Ryan | last2=Richer | first2=Harvey B. | last3=Anderson | first3=Jay | last4=Dotter | first4=Aaron | last5=Sarajedini | first5=Ata | last6=Woodley | first6=Kristin | title=The ACS Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. X. New Determinations of Centers for 65 Clusters [ Erratum: 2011AJ....142...66G ] | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=140 | issue=6 | pages=1830–1837 | month=December | year=2010 | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1830 | bibcode=2010AJ....140.1830G |arxiv = 1008.2755 }}</ref>

<ref name=apj721_2_1790>{{citation | last1=Chen | first1=C. W. | last2=Chen | first2=W. P. | title=Morphological Distortion of Galactic Globular Clusters | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=721 | issue=2 | pages=1790–1819 | month=October | year=2010 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1790 | bibcode=2010ApJ...721.1790C }}</ref>

<ref name=maa>{{citation | first1=Hartmut | last1=Frommert | first2=Christine | last2=Kronberg | title=Messier 92 | date=September 2, 2007 | work=SEDS | publisher=The Munich Astro Archive | url=http://www.maa.clell.de/Messier/E/m092.html | accessdate=2012-04-08 }}</ref>

<ref name=hcob849_11>{{citation | last1=Shapley | first1=Harlow | last2=Sawyer | first2=Helen B. | title=A Classification of Globular Clusters | journal=Harvard College Observatory Bulletin | issue=849 | pages=11–14 | month=August | year=1927 | bibcode=1927BHarO.849...11S | postscript=. | volume=849 }}</ref>

<ref name=mnras404_3_1203>{{citation | last1=Forbes | first1=Duncan A. | last2=Bridges | first2=Terry | title=Accreted versus in situ Milky Way globular clusters | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=404 | issue=3 | pages=1203–1214 | month=May | year=2010 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16373.x | bibcode=2010MNRAS.404.1203F | postscript=. |arxiv = 1001.4289 }}</ref>

<ref name=mnras406_3_2000>{{citation | last1=Marks | first1=Michael | last2=Kroupa | first2=Pavel | title=Initial conditions for globular clusters and assembly of the old globular cluster population of the Milky Way | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=406 | issue=3 | pages=2000–2012 | month=August | year=2010 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16813.x | bibcode=2010MNRAS.406.2000M | postscript=. |arxiv = 1004.2255 }} Mass is from M<sub>PD</sub> on Table 1.</ref>
}}

==Pranala Luar==
{{commons category|Messier 92}}
* {{WikiSky}}
* [http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m092.html Messier 92 @ SEDS Messier pages]
* [http://gclusters.altervista.org/cluster_4.php?ggc=M+92 Messier 92, Galactic Globular Clusters Database page]
* {{cite web|last=Merrifield|first=Michael|title=M92 – Globular Cluster|url=http://www.deepskyvideos.com/videos/messier/M92_globular_cluster.html|work=Deep Space Videos|publisher=[[Brady Haran]]|coauthor=Crowther, Paul}}

{{Sky|17|17|07.27|+|43|08|11.5|26000}}
{{Messier objects}}

[[Kategori:Gugusan Bola|Messier 092]]
[[Kategori:Hercules (konstelasi)|Messier 092]]
[[Kategori:Objek Messier|092]]
[[Kategori:Objek NGC|Messier 092]]
/>
| size_v = 14'menit busur
| size_v = 14'menit busur
| mass_msol = {{Val|2.0|e=5}}<ref name=mnras406_3_2000/>
| mass_msol = {{Val|2.0|e=5}}<ref name=mnras406_3_2000/>

Revisi per 28 November 2013 03.48

Messier 92
Pusat dari M92 oleh HST; 1.44′ pandangan
Data pengamatan (J2000 epos)
KelasIV[1]
Rasi bintangHercules
Asensio rekta 17j 17m 07.39d[2]
Deklinasi +43° 08′ 09.4″[2]
Jarak267 kly (82 kpc)[3]
Magnitudo tampak (V)+6.3[4]
Dimensi tampak (V)14' arc minutes
Karakteristik fisik
Massa2,0×105[5] M☉
Metalisitas = –2.16[6] dex
Perkiraan umur14.2 ± 1.2 Gyr[7]
Nama lainM92, NGC 6341, GCl 59[4]
Lihat pula: Gugus bola, Daftar gugus bola

Messier 92 (juga dikenal dengan M92 atau NGC 6341) adalah sebuah gugus bola dari bintang disebelah utara constellation Hercules. Messier 92 di temukan oleh Johann Elert Bode pada 1777, dan kemudian dipublikasikan Jahrbuch pada 1779.[8] Gugusan ini secara terpisah ditemukan oleh Charles Messier pada 18 Maret, 1781 dan dimasukkan dalam urutan ke 92 pada katalognya.[9] M92 berjarak sekitar 26.700 tahun cahaya jauhnya dari Bumi.

Messier 92 with amateur telescope
Messier 92 from the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes

Messier 92 adalah salah satu gugusan bola yang paling terang dibelahan Bumi utara, tapi Messier 92 sering terlewatkan oleh atronom amatir karena kedekatannya terhadap Messier 13 yang lebih spektakuler. Messier 92 dapat dilihat dengan mata telanjang pada kondisi yang sangat bagus.[10]

Among the Milky Way population of globular clusters, Messier 92 termasuk gugusan yang paling terang diatara among the brighter clusters in terms of absolute magnitude. Messier 92 juga termasuk salalh satu gugusan yang paling tua. Messier 92 terletak disekitar 16 kly (4,9 kpc) diatas galactic plane dan 33 kly (10 kpc) dari Pusat Galaksi.[11] The heliocentric distance of Messier 92 is 267 kly (82 kpc). The half-light radius, or radius containing half of the light emission from the cluster, is 1.09 arcminutes, while the tidal radius is 15.17 arcminutes. It appears only slightly flattened, with the minor axis being about 89% ± 3% as large as the major axis.[3]

Characteristic of other globulars, Messier 92 has a very low abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium; what astronomers term its metallicity. Relative to the Sun, the abundance of iron in the cluster is given by [Fe/H] = –2.29 dex,[11] which equates to only 0.5% of the solar abundance.[12] This puts the estimated age range for the cluster at 14.2 ± 1.2 billion years, or roughly the age of the Universe.[7]

The cluster is not currently in a state of core collapse and the core radius is about 2 arcseconds.[11] It is an Oosterhoff type II (OoII) globular cluster, which means it belongs to the group of metal poor clusters with longer period RR Lyrae variable stars. The 1997 Catalogue of Variable Stars in Globular Clusters listed 28 candidate variable stars in the cluster, although only 20 have been confirmed. As of 2001, there are 17 known RR Lyrae variables in Messier 92.[13] 10 X-ray sources have been detected within the 1.02 arcminute half-mass radius of the cluster, of which half are candidate cataclysmic variable stars.[14]

Referensi

  1. ^ Shapley, Harlow; Sawyer, Helen B. (1927), "A Classification of Globular Clusters", Harvard College Observatory Bulletin, 849 (849): 11–14, Bibcode:1927BHarO.849...11S. 
  2. ^ a b Goldsbury, Ryan; et al. (2010), "The ACS Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. X. New Determinations of Centers for 65 Clusters [ Erratum: 2011AJ....142...66G ]", The Astronomical Journal, 140 (6): 1830–1837, arXiv:1008.2755 alt=Dapat diakses gratis, Bibcode:2010AJ....140.1830G, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1830 
  3. ^ a b Chen, C. W.; Chen, W. P. (2010), "Morphological Distortion of Galactic Globular Clusters", The Astrophysical Journal, 721 (2): 1790–1819, Bibcode:2010ApJ...721.1790C, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1790 
  4. ^ a b "SIMBAD Astronomical Database". Results for NGC 6341. Diakses tanggal 2006-11-17. 
  5. ^ Marks, Michael; Kroupa, Pavel (2010), "Initial conditions for globular clusters and assembly of the old globular cluster population of the Milky Way", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 406 (3): 2000–2012, arXiv:1004.2255 alt=Dapat diakses gratis, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.406.2000M, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16813.x.  Mass is from MPD on Table 1.
  6. ^ Forbes, Duncan A.; Bridges, Terry (2010), "Accreted versus in situ Milky Way globular clusters", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 404 (3): 1203–1214, arXiv:1001.4289 alt=Dapat diakses gratis, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.404.1203F, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16373.x. 
  7. ^ a b Paust, Nathaniel E. Q.; Chaboyer, Brian; Sarajedini, Ata (2007), "BVI Photometry and the Luminosity Functions of the Globular Cluster M92", The Astronomical Journal, 133 (6): 2787–2798, arXiv:astro-ph/0703167 alt=Dapat diakses gratis, Bibcode:2007AJ....133.2787P, doi:10.1086/513511 
  8. ^ Kanas, Nick (2007), Star maps: history, artistry, and cartography, Springer-Praxis books in popular astronomy, Springer, hlm. 180, ISBN 0387716688 
  9. ^ Garfinkle, Robert A. (1997), Star-Hopping: Your Visa to Viewing the Universe, Cambridge University Press, hlm. 131, ISBN 0521598893 
  10. ^ Frommert, Hartmut; Kronberg, Christine (September 2, 2007), "Messier 92", SEDS, The Munich Astro Archive, diakses tanggal 2012-04-08 
  11. ^ a b c Drukier, G. A.; et al. (2007), "The Global Kinematics of the Globular Cluster M92", The Astronomical Journal, 133 (3): 1041–1057, arXiv:astro-ph/0611246 alt=Dapat diakses gratis, Bibcode:2007AJ....133.1041D, doi:10.1086/510721 
  12. ^ Since 10–2.29 = 0.00513.
  13. ^ Kopacki, G. (2001), "Variable stars in the globular cluster M 92", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 369 (3): 862–870, Bibcode:2001A&A...369..862K, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010155 
  14. ^ Lu, Ting-Ni; et al. (2011), "Chandra and HST Studies of the X-Ray Sources in Galactic Globular Cluster M92", The Astrophysical Journal, 736 (2): 158, Bibcode:2011ApJ...736..158L, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/158 

Pranala Luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Messier 92.

Koordinat: Peta langit 17h 17m 07.27s, +43° 08′ 11.5″

/> | size_v = 14'menit busur | mass_msol = 2,0×105[1] | radius_ly = | v_hb = | metal_fe = –2.16[2] | age = 14.2 ± 1.2 Gyr[3] | notes = | names = M92, NGC 6341, GCl 59[4] }}

Messier 92 (juga dikenal dengan M92 atau NGC 6341) adalah sebuah gugus bola dari bintang disebelah utara konstelasi Hercules. M92 ditemukan oleh Johann Elert Bode in 1777, dan dipublikasikan Jahrbuch pada 1779. [8] Gugusan ini secara terpisah ditemukan oleh charles Messier pada 18 maret, 1781 dan dimasukkan dalam urutan ke 92 pada katalognya.[9] M92 berjarak sekitar 26.700 tahun cahaya dari bumi.

M92 adalah salah satu gugusan bola yang paling terang di belahan bumi utara, tapi M92 sering terlewatkan oleh astronom amatir karena kedekatannya terhadap Messier 13 yang lebih spektakuler. M92 dapat dilihat dengan mata telanjang pada kondisi yang sangat bagus.[10]

Referensi

  1. ^ Marks, Michael; Kroupa, Pavel (2010), "Initial conditions for globular clusters and assembly of the old globular cluster population of the Milky Way", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 406 (3): 2000–2012, arXiv:1004.2255 alt=Dapat diakses gratis, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.406.2000M, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16813.x.  Mass is from MPD on Table 1.
  2. ^ Forbes, Duncan A.; Bridges, Terry (2010), "Accreted versus in situ Milky Way globular clusters", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 404 (3): 1203–1214, arXiv:1001.4289 alt=Dapat diakses gratis, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.404.1203F, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16373.x. 
  3. ^ Paust, Nathaniel E. Q.; Chaboyer, Brian; Sarajedini, Ata (2007), "BVI Photometry and the Luminosity Functions of the Globular Cluster M92", The Astronomical Journal, 133 (6): 2787–2798, arXiv:astro-ph/0703167 alt=Dapat diakses gratis, Bibcode:2007AJ....133.2787P, doi:10.1086/513511 
  4. ^ "SIMBAD Astronomical Database". Results for NGC 6341. Diakses tanggal 2006-11-17. 

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Pranala Luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Messier 92.

Koordinat: Peta langit 17h 17m 07.27s, +43° 08′ 11.5″

Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Messier_92&oldid=7497787"