Garis besar globalisasi: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Studi global]] adalah studi akademik interdisipliner dan multidisipliner terhadap kekuatan dan tren global. Studi global juga mencakup pemaaman satu aspek globalisasi atau lebih, namun lebih berfkus pada bagaimana tren global menata ulang hubungan antarnegara, organisasi, masyarakat, komunitas, dan individu, menciptakan tantangan-tantangan baru yang tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh negara atau pasar sendirian.<ref>Harth, Chris. (2005). [http://www.globalstudiesfoundation.org/downloads/gsf_research_report.pdf 'Struggling to Grasp a Moving Target: Global Studies in the US and Emergent International Landscapes.'] Interim Report Prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC.</ref> Studi faktor-faktor pemicu globalisasi berasal dari berbagai disiplin ilmu seperti [[ilmu politik]], [[ekonomi]], [[sosiologi]], dan lain-lain. |
[[Studi global]] adalah studi akademik interdisipliner dan multidisipliner terhadap kekuatan dan tren global. Studi global juga mencakup pemaaman satu aspek globalisasi atau lebih, namun lebih berfkus pada bagaimana tren global menata ulang hubungan antarnegara, organisasi, masyarakat, komunitas, dan individu, menciptakan tantangan-tantangan baru yang tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh negara atau pasar sendirian.<ref>Harth, Chris. (2005). [http://www.globalstudiesfoundation.org/downloads/gsf_research_report.pdf 'Struggling to Grasp a Moving Target: Global Studies in the US and Emergent International Landscapes.'] Interim Report Prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC.</ref> Studi faktor-faktor pemicu globalisasi berasal dari berbagai disiplin ilmu seperti [[ilmu politik]], [[ekonomi]], [[sosiologi]], dan lain-lain. |
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==Sejarah== |
==Sejarah== |
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[[File:Colonisation2.gif|thumb|300px| |
[[File:Colonisation2.gif|thumb|300px|Animasi peta yang menampilkan perkembangan [[imperium kolonial]] sejak 1492 sampai sekarang]] |
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[[Sejarah globalisasi]] umumnya dibagi menjadi tiga periode: [[globalisasi kuno|kuno]], [[proto-globalisasi]], dan modern. |
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[[History of globalization]] – generally broken-down into three periods: [[Archaic globalization|Archaic]], [[Proto-globalization]], and Modern. |
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* Periode [[globalisasi kuno|kuno]] ditetapkan sebagai peristiwa dan perkembangan yang terjadi sejak peradaban pertama sampai tahun 1600. |
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* Periode [[proto-globalisasi]] kira-kira terjadi antara tahun 1600 dan 1800. Proto-globalisasi didorong oleh [[kolonialisme]]. |
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* Periode [[globalisasi]] modern bermula pada abad ke-19 sampai saat ini. [[Imperialisme]] dan [[industrialisasi]] menjadi pendorong kekuatan dan tren global modern. |
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==Konsep globalisasi== |
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* The [[Archaic globalization|Archaic]] period is defined as events and developments from the time of the earliest civilizations until roughly 1600. |
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===Teori globalisasi=== |
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Karena globalisasi bukan fenomena independen, melainkan fenomena yang sangat terkait dengan pandangan dunia, produk, pemikiran, dan aspek budaya lainnya, penjelasan mengenai sebab globalisasi terjadi dan dampak globalisasi berkaitan dengan sejumlah teori mulai dari [[pembangunan ekonomi]] sampai [[sosialisme revolusioner]]. |
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* The period of [[Proto-globalization]] roughly spans the years between 1600 and 1800. It was largely shaped in this era by the operations of [[colonialism]]. |
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* The '''Modern''' period of [[globalization]] begins in the 19th century until present time. [[Imperialism]] and [[industrialization]] have figured largely in shaping modern globalizing forces and trends. |
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==Globalization concepts== |
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Links below are to articles, unless otherwise specified. |
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===Globalization-related theories=== |
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Since globalization is not an independent phenomenon but is highly interrelated with world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture, '''explanations of why globalization occurs and what the effects of globalization are or can be expected''' are related to theories ranging from [[economic development]] to [[revolutionary socialism]]. |
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* [[:Kategori:Teori globalisasi|Teori globalisasi]] (kategori) |
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* [[:Category:Globalization-related theories|Globalization-related theories]] (category) |
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* [[ |
* [[Sistem manusia–lingkungan terpadu]] |
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* [[Kritik kapitalisme|Kapitalisme]] |
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* [[Criticism of capitalism|Capitalism]]-related |
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* [[ |
* [[Teori ketergantungan]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Modernisasi ekologi]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Pembangunan ekonomi]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Nasionalisme ekonomi]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Teori keterlibatan]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Industrialisasi]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Merkantilisme]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Modernisasi]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Teori modernisasi]] |
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* [[Pembagian tenaga kerja internasional baru]] |
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* [[New international division of labour]] |
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* Masyarakat [[pascakontemporer]] |
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* [[Post-contemporary]] society |
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* [[ |
* [[Masyarakat pascaindustri]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Pascamodernisme]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Akumulasi modal primitif]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Mazhab regulasi|Teori regulasi]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Sosialisme revolusioner]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Evolusi sosial-budaya]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Teori sistem dunia]] |
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{{div col end}} |
{{div col end}} |
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=== Istilah globalisasi === |
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* [[:Kategori:Istilah globalisasi|Istilah globalisasi]] (kategori) |
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* [[:Category:Globalization terminology|Globalization terminology]] (category) |
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===Indeks globalisasi=== |
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===Globalization-related indices=== |
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* [[:Kategori:Indeks globalisasi|Indeks globalisasi]] (kategori) |
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* [[:Category:Globalization-related indices|Globalization-related indices]] (category) |
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* [[Corruption Perceptions Index]] |
* [[Corruption Perceptions Index]] |
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* [[Democracy Index]] |
* [[Democracy Index]] |
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* [[:Kategori:Indeks globalisasi ekonomi|Indeks globalisasi ekonomi]] (kategori) |
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* [[:Category:Economic globalization indices|Economic globalization indices]] (category) |
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* [[Freedom in the World]] |
* [[Freedom in the World]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Kota global]] |
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* [[Globalization Index]] |
* [[Globalization Index]] |
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== |
== Aspek globalisasi == |
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===Organisasi bisnis global=== |
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{{Main|Bisnis internasional|Perdagangan internasional}} |
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===Global business organization=== |
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{{Main|International business|International trade}} |
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[[International business development]] and the '''organization of business and trade worldwide''' are fundamental aspects of globalization and the development of globalizing systems. |
[[International business development]] and the '''organization of business and trade worldwide''' are fundamental aspects of globalization and the development of globalizing systems. |
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[[File:US corporate profits and business investment.png|thumb|Red: U.S. corporate profits after tax. Blue: U.S. nonresidential business investment, both as fractions of GDP, 1989-2012. [[Wealth concentration]] of corporate profits in global [[tax havens]] due to [[tax avoidance]] spurred by imposition of austerity measures can stall investment, inhibiting further growth.<ref>[http://www.lem.sssup.it/WPLem/documents/fazzari2.pdf "Aggregate Demand, Instability and Growth"] ''Review of Keynesian Economics'', January 2013 (see also [http://slackwire.blogspot.com/2013/02/aggregate-demand-in-long-run.html this review] of the paper)</ref>]] |
[[File:US corporate profits and business investment.png|thumb|Red: U.S. corporate profits after tax. Blue: U.S. nonresidential business investment, both as fractions of GDP, 1989-2012. [[Wealth concentration]] of corporate profits in global [[tax havens]] due to [[tax avoidance]] spurred by imposition of austerity measures can stall investment, inhibiting further growth.<ref>[http://www.lem.sssup.it/WPLem/documents/fazzari2.pdf "Aggregate Demand, Instability and Growth"] ''Review of Keynesian Economics'', January 2013 (see also [http://slackwire.blogspot.com/2013/02/aggregate-demand-in-long-run.html this review] of the paper)</ref>]] |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Global business organization|Global business organization]] (kategori) |
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* [[Corporate citizenship]] |
* [[Corporate citizenship]] |
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* [[Global sourcing]] |
* [[Global sourcing]] |
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Economic globalization – increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, services, technology, and capital. International economic activities and institutions that influence or characterize economic globalization include: |
Economic globalization – increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, services, technology, and capital. International economic activities and institutions that influence or characterize economic globalization include: |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Economic globalization|Economic globalization]] (kategori) |
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* [[Free market]]s |
* [[Free market]]s |
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* [[International economics]] |
* [[International economics]] |
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** [[Trade globalization]] |
** [[Trade globalization]] |
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** [[World economy]] |
** [[World economy]] |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Economic globalization indices|Economic globalization indices]] (kategori) |
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===Sociocultural globalization=== |
===Sociocultural globalization=== |
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[[File:Mac Japan.jpg|thumb|alt=Japanese McDonald's|A McDonald's in [[Osaka]], [[Japan]] illustrates the [[McDonaldization]] of global society]] |
[[File:Mac Japan.jpg|thumb|alt=Japanese McDonald's|A McDonald's in [[Osaka]], [[Japan]] illustrates the [[McDonaldization]] of global society]] |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Sociocultural globalization|Sociocultural globalization]] (kategori) |
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* [[Anti-globalization]] |
* [[Anti-globalization]] |
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* [[Criticisms of globalization]] |
* [[Criticisms of globalization]] |
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* [[Global digital divide]] |
* [[Global digital divide]] |
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* [[Global health]] |
* [[Global health]] |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Global inequality|Global inequality]] (kategori) |
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** [[International inequality]] |
** [[International inequality]] |
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* [[Global politics]] |
* [[Global politics]] |
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[[Image:Tourist visa of the People's Republic of China.jpg|right|thumb|Entry tourist visa to [[People's Republic of China|China]]]] |
[[Image:Tourist visa of the People's Republic of China.jpg|right|thumb|Entry tourist visa to [[People's Republic of China|China]]]] |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Workforce globalization|Workforce globalization]] (kategori) |
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* [[New international division of labour]] |
* [[New international division of labour]] |
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** [[Brain drain]] |
** [[Brain drain]] |
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* [[Offshoring]] |
* [[Offshoring]] |
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* [[Precarious work]] |
* [[Precarious work]] |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Visa policy by country|Visa policy by country]] (kategori) |
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===Global natural environment=== |
===Global natural environment=== |
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</imagemap> |
</imagemap> |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Global natural environment|Global natural environment]] (kategori) |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Environmental treaties|Environmental treaties]] (kategori) |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Biological globalization|Biological globalization]] (kategori) |
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* [[Natural environment]] |
* [[Natural environment]] |
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** [[Global biodiversity]] |
** [[Global biodiversity]] |
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[[File:Global Digital Divide1.png|thumb|The [[global digital divide]]: Computers per 100 people.]] |
[[File:Global Digital Divide1.png|thumb|The [[global digital divide]]: Computers per 100 people.]] |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Globalization issues|Globalization issues]] (kategori) |
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* [[Climate justice]] |
* [[Climate justice]] |
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* [[Economic inequality]] |
* [[Economic inequality]] |
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==By location== |
==By location== |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Globalization by location|Globalization by location]] (kategori) |
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* [[Globalisation in India]] |
* [[Globalisation in India]] |
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** [[Economic liberalization in India]] |
** [[Economic liberalization in India]] |
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==Globalization-related organizations== |
==Globalization-related organizations== |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Globalization-related organizations|Globalization-related organizations]] (kategori) |
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** [[: |
** [[:Kategori:Global environmental organizations|Global environmental organizations]](kategori) |
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** [[: |
** [[:Kategori:Global policy organizations|Global policy organizations]] (kategori) |
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*** [[: |
*** [[:Kategori:Intergovernmental organizations]] |
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*** [[: |
*** [[:Kategori:International nongovernmental organizations]] |
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** [[: |
** [[:Kategori:Global trade and professional organizations|Global trade and professional organizations]] (kategori) |
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** [[: |
** [[:Kategori:Global workforce and labor organizations|Global workforce and labor organizations]] (kategori) |
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** [[: |
** [[:Kategori:International health organizations|International health organizations]] (kategori) |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Social entrepreneurship|Social entrepreneurship]] (kategori) |
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==Globalization-related lists== |
==Globalization-related lists== |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Globalization-related lists|Globalization-related lists]] (kategori) |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Lists of environmental topics|Lists of environmental topics]] (kategori) |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Lists of political parties by United Nations geoscheme|Lists of political parties by United Nations geoscheme]] (kategori) |
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* [[2009 flu pandemic by country]] |
* [[2009 flu pandemic by country]] |
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* [[Globalization Index]] |
* [[Globalization Index]] |
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==Works about globalization== |
==Works about globalization== |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Works about globalization|Works about globalization]] (kategori) |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Books about globalization|Books about globalization]] (kategori) |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Documentary films about globalization|Documentary films about globalization]] (kategori) |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Serials about globalization|Serials about globalization]] (kategori) |
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** [[Daftar jurnal globalisasi]] |
** [[Daftar jurnal globalisasi]] |
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--> |
--> |
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==Tokoh globalisasi== |
==Tokoh globalisasi== |
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* [[: |
* [[:Kategori:Penulis globalisasi|Penulis globalisasi]] (kategori) |
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** [[: |
** [[:Kategori:Penulis anti-globalisasi]] |
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** [[: |
** [[:Kategori:Ilmuwan sistem dunia]] |
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==Lihat pula== |
==Lihat pula== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Garis besar globalisasi}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Garis besar globalisasi}} |
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[[ |
[[Kategori:Garis besar|Globalisasi]] |
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[[ |
[[Kategori:Daftar sosiologi]] |
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[[ |
[[Kategori:Daftar terkait globalisasi]] |
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Revisi per 21 Juni 2015 21.35
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| Globalisasi |
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Garis besar berikut merupakan tinjauan dan panduan topik globalisasi:
Globalisasi adalah proses integrasi internasional yang terjadi berkat pertukaran pandangan dunia, produk, pemikiran, atau aspek budaya lainnya.[1][2] Kemajuan sarana transportasi dan telekomunikasi, termasuk Internet, merupakan faktor pendorong utama globalisasi yang menciptakan interdependensi ekonomi dan budaya.[3] Proses globalisasi memengaruhi dan dipengaruhi oleh bisnis dan organisasi pekerjaan, ekonomi, sumber daya sosial-budaya, dan lingkungan alam.
Studi global
Studi global adalah studi akademik interdisipliner dan multidisipliner terhadap kekuatan dan tren global. Studi global juga mencakup pemaaman satu aspek globalisasi atau lebih, namun lebih berfkus pada bagaimana tren global menata ulang hubungan antarnegara, organisasi, masyarakat, komunitas, dan individu, menciptakan tantangan-tantangan baru yang tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh negara atau pasar sendirian.[4] Studi faktor-faktor pemicu globalisasi berasal dari berbagai disiplin ilmu seperti ilmu politik, ekonomi, sosiologi, dan lain-lain.
Sejarah
Sejarah globalisasi umumnya dibagi menjadi tiga periode: kuno, proto-globalisasi, dan modern.
- Periode kuno ditetapkan sebagai peristiwa dan perkembangan yang terjadi sejak peradaban pertama sampai tahun 1600.
- Periode proto-globalisasi kira-kira terjadi antara tahun 1600 dan 1800. Proto-globalisasi didorong oleh kolonialisme.
- Periode globalisasi modern bermula pada abad ke-19 sampai saat ini. Imperialisme dan industrialisasi menjadi pendorong kekuatan dan tren global modern.
Konsep globalisasi
Teori globalisasi
Karena globalisasi bukan fenomena independen, melainkan fenomena yang sangat terkait dengan pandangan dunia, produk, pemikiran, dan aspek budaya lainnya, penjelasan mengenai sebab globalisasi terjadi dan dampak globalisasi berkaitan dengan sejumlah teori mulai dari pembangunan ekonomi sampai sosialisme revolusioner.
- Teori globalisasi (kategori)
- Sistem manusia–lingkungan terpadu
- Kapitalisme
- Teori ketergantungan
- Modernisasi ekologi
- Pembangunan ekonomi
- Nasionalisme ekonomi
- Teori keterlibatan
- Industrialisasi
- Merkantilisme
- Modernisasi
- Teori modernisasi
- Pembagian tenaga kerja internasional baru
- Masyarakat pascakontemporer
- Masyarakat pascaindustri
- Pascamodernisme
- Akumulasi modal primitif
- Teori regulasi
- Sosialisme revolusioner
- Evolusi sosial-budaya
- Teori sistem dunia
Istilah globalisasi
- Istilah globalisasi (kategori)
Indeks globalisasi
- Indeks globalisasi (kategori)
- Corruption Perceptions Index
- Democracy Index
- Indeks globalisasi ekonomi (kategori)
- Freedom in the World
- Kota global
- Globalization Index
Aspek globalisasi
Organisasi bisnis global
Tokoh globalisasi
Lihat pula
- Misi pengadaban
- Pertukaran Columbus
- Kritik pembangunan
- Kewarganegaraan global
- Transisi Besar
- Interdependensi
- Zaman Jet
- Strategi Lisbon
- Teknokapitalisme
- Sinema transnasional
- Kewarganegaraan transnasional
- Triadisasi
- Vermeer's Hat
- Deklarasi Milenium Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa
- Konsensus Washington
- World Englishes
Referensi
Catatan kaki
- ^ Al-Rodhan, R.F. Nayef and Gérard Stoudmann. (2006). Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition.
- ^ Albrow, Martin and Elizabeth King (eds.) (1990). Globalization, Knowledge and Society London: Sage. ISBN 978-0803983243 p. 8. "...all those processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a single world society."
- ^ Stever, H. Guyford (1972). "Science, Systems, and Society." Journal of Cybernetics, 2(3):1-3. DOI:10.1080/01969727208542909
- ^ Harth, Chris. (2005). 'Struggling to Grasp a Moving Target: Global Studies in the US and Emergent International Landscapes.' Interim Report Prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC.
Bacaan lanjutan
- Barbara, Christopher (2008). International legal personality: Panacea or pandemonium? Theorizing about the individual and the state in the era of globalization. Saarbrücken: Verlag Dr. Müller. ISBN 3-639-11514-7.
- von Braun, Joachim; Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla (2007). Globalization of Food and Agriculture and the Poor. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-569528-1.
- Carpenter, John. "Puritan Missions as Globalization," Fides et Historia. 31:2, 1999 pp. 103–123.
- Chanda, Nayan (2007). Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Warriors and Adventurers Shaped Globalization. Yale University Press, New Haven. ISBN 978-0-300-11201-6.
- Fernando, Salvetti (ed.) (2010). "Glocal" Working. Living and Working across the World with Cultural Intelligence. Milan: Franco Angeli. ISBN 978-88-568-2733-0.
- Glyn, Andrew (2006). Capitalism Unleashed: Finance, Globalization, and Welfare. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-922679-2.
- Kitching, Gavin (2001). Seeking Social Justice through Globalization. Escaping a Nationalist Perspective. Penn State Press. ISBN 0-271-02162-4.
- Kohler, Gernot (2003). Globalization: Critical Perspectives. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 1-59033-346-2. With contributions by Samir Amin, Christopher Chase-Dunn, Andre Gunder Frank, Immanuel Wallerstein
- Mander, Jerry; Edward Goldsmith (1996). The case against the global economy: and for a turn toward the local. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. ISBN 0-87156-865-9.
- Moore, Karl; David Charles Lewis (2009). Origins of Globalization. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-80598-8.
- Murray, Warwick E. (2006). Geographies of Globalization. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-31799-1.
- Neumann, Iver B.; Ole Jacob Sending (2010). Governing the Global Polity: Practice, Mentality, Rationality. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-07093-0.
- Osterhammel, Jürgen; Niels P. Petersson (2005). Globalization: A Short History. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12165-6.
- Pfister, Ulrich (2012). Globalization. Mainz: Institute of European History,.
- Reinsdorf, Marshall and Matthew J. Slaughter (2009). International Trade in Services and Intangibles in the Era of Globalization. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-70959-8.
- Sen, Amartya (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0375406190.
- Sirkin, Harold L (2008). Globality: Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything. New York: Business Plus. hlm. 292. ISBN 0-446-17829-2.
- Smith, Charles (2007). International Trade and Globalisation, 3rd edition. Stocksfield: Anforme. ISBN 1-905504-10-1.
- Steger, Manfred (2002). Globalism: the new market ideology. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 0-7425-0072-1.
- Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2002). Globalization and Its Discontents. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-32439-7.
- Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2006). Making Globalization Work. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-06122-1.
- Tausch, Arno (2008). Multicultural Europe: Effects of the Global Lisbon Process. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60456-806-6.
- Osle, Rafael Domingo (2010). The New Global Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521193870.
- Wolf, Martin (2004). Why Globalization Works. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10252-9.
Pranala luar
| Cari tahu mengenai Globalization pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya: | |
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Definisi dan terjemahan dari Wiktionary |
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Gambar dan media dari Commons |
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Berita dari Wikinews |
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Kutipan dari Wikiquote |
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Teks sumber dari Wikisource |
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Buku dari Wikibuku |
- Comprehensive discussion of the term at the Site Global Transformations
- Globalization Website (Emory University) Links, Debates, Glossary etc.
- BBC News Special Report – "Globalisation"
- "Resilience, Panarchy, and World-Systems Analysis", from the Ecology and Society Journal
- "Globalization" Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Analysis of the idea and its history.
- OECD Globalization statistics
- "Globalization", from The Canadian Encyclopedia
- YaleGlobal Online
- Global 3000 Globalization Program by Deutsche Welle-TV
