Garis besar globalisasi: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 21 Juni 2015 21.44

Garis besar berikut merupakan tinjauan dan panduan topik globalisasi:

Globalisasi adalah proses integrasi internasional yang terjadi berkat pertukaran pandangan dunia, produk, pemikiran, atau aspek budaya lainnya.^[1]^[2] Kemajuan sarana transportasi dan telekomunikasi, termasuk Internet, merupakan faktor pendorong utama globalisasi yang menciptakan interdependensi ekonomi dan budaya.^[3] Proses globalisasi memengaruhi dan dipengaruhi oleh bisnis dan organisasi pekerjaan, ekonomi, sumber daya sosial-budaya, dan lingkungan alam.

Studi global

Studi global adalah studi akademik interdisipliner dan multidisipliner terhadap kekuatan dan tren global. Studi global juga mencakup pemaaman satu aspek globalisasi atau lebih, namun lebih berfkus pada bagaimana tren global menata ulang hubungan antarnegara, organisasi, masyarakat, komunitas, dan individu, menciptakan tantangan-tantangan baru yang tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh negara atau pasar sendirian.^[4] Studi faktor-faktor pemicu globalisasi berasal dari berbagai disiplin ilmu seperti ilmu politik, ekonomi, sosiologi, dan lain-lain.

Sejarah

Animasi peta yang menampilkan perkembangan imperium kolonial sejak 1492 sampai sekarang

Sejarah globalisasi umumnya dibagi menjadi tiga periode: kuno, proto-globalisasi, dan modern.

Periode kuno ditetapkan sebagai peristiwa dan perkembangan yang terjadi sejak peradaban pertama sampai tahun 1600.
Periode proto-globalisasi kira-kira terjadi antara tahun 1600 dan 1800. Proto-globalisasi didorong oleh kolonialisme.
Periode globalisasi modern bermula pada abad ke-19 sampai saat ini. Imperialisme dan industrialisasi menjadi pendorong kekuatan dan tren global modern.

Konsep globalisasi

Teori globalisasi

Karena globalisasi bukan fenomena independen, melainkan fenomena yang sangat terkait dengan pandangan dunia, produk, pemikiran, dan aspek budaya lainnya, penjelasan mengenai sebab globalisasi terjadi dan dampak globalisasi berkaitan dengan sejumlah teori mulai dari pembangunan ekonomi sampai sosialisme revolusioner.

Istilah globalisasi

Istilah globalisasi (kategori)

Indeks globalisasi

Aspek globalisasi

Organisasi bisnis global

Pembangunan bisnis internasional dan organisasi bisnis dan perdagangan dunia merupakan aspek-aspek dasar globalisasi dan perkembangan sistem global.

Globalisasi ekonomi

Globalisasi ekonomi adalah peningkatan interdependensi ekonomi nasional dengan seluruh dunia melalui percepatan pergerakan barang, jasa, teknologi, dan modal lintas perbatasan. Aktivitas ekonomi internasional dan lembaga yang memengaruhi atau menjadi ciri khas globalisasi ekonomi meliputi:

Tokoh globalisasi

Penulis globalisasi (kategori)
- Kategori:Penulis anti-globalisasi
- Kategori:Ilmuwan sistem dunia

Lihat pula

Referensi

Catatan kaki

^ Al-Rodhan, R.F. Nayef and Gérard Stoudmann. (2006). Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition.
^ Albrow, Martin and Elizabeth King (eds.) (1990). Globalization, Knowledge and Society London: Sage. ISBN 978-0803983243 p. 8. "...all those processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a single world society."
^ Stever, H. Guyford (1972). "Science, Systems, and Society." Journal of Cybernetics, 2(3):1-3. DOI:10.1080/01969727208542909
^ Harth, Chris. (2005). 'Struggling to Grasp a Moving Target: Global Studies in the US and Emergent International Landscapes.' Interim Report Prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC.
^ "Aggregate Demand, Instability and Growth" Review of Keynesian Economics, January 2013 (see also this review of the paper)
^ Berg, Andrew G.; Ostry, Jonathan D. (2011). "Equality and Efficiency". Finance and Development. International Monetary Fund. 48 (3). Diakses tanggal September 10, 2012.

Bacaan lanjutan

Barbara, Christopher (2008). International legal personality: Panacea or pandemonium? Theorizing about the individual and the state in the era of globalization. Saarbrücken: Verlag Dr. Müller. ISBN 3-639-11514-7.
von Braun, Joachim; Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla (2007). Globalization of Food and Agriculture and the Poor. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-569528-1.
Carpenter, John. "Puritan Missions as Globalization," Fides et Historia. 31:2, 1999 pp. 103–123.
Chanda, Nayan (2007). Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Warriors and Adventurers Shaped Globalization. Yale University Press, New Haven. ISBN 978-0-300-11201-6.
Fernando, Salvetti (ed.) (2010). "Glocal" Working. Living and Working across the World with Cultural Intelligence. Milan: Franco Angeli. ISBN 978-88-568-2733-0.
Glyn, Andrew (2006). Capitalism Unleashed: Finance, Globalization, and Welfare. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-922679-2.
Kitching, Gavin (2001). Seeking Social Justice through Globalization. Escaping a Nationalist Perspective. Penn State Press. ISBN 0-271-02162-4.
Kohler, Gernot (2003). Globalization: Critical Perspectives. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 1-59033-346-2. With contributions by Samir Amin, Christopher Chase-Dunn, Andre Gunder Frank, Immanuel Wallerstein
Mander, Jerry; Edward Goldsmith (1996). The case against the global economy: and for a turn toward the local. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. ISBN 0-87156-865-9.
Moore, Karl; David Charles Lewis (2009). Origins of Globalization. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-80598-8.
Murray, Warwick E. (2006). Geographies of Globalization. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-31799-1.
Neumann, Iver B.; Ole Jacob Sending (2010). Governing the Global Polity: Practice, Mentality, Rationality. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-07093-0.
Osterhammel, Jürgen; Niels P. Petersson (2005). Globalization: A Short History. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12165-6.
Pfister, Ulrich (2012). Globalization. Mainz: Institute of European History,.
Reinsdorf, Marshall and Matthew J. Slaughter (2009). International Trade in Services and Intangibles in the Era of Globalization. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-70959-8.
Sen, Amartya (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0375406190.
Sirkin, Harold L (2008). Globality: Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything. New York: Business Plus. hlm. 292. ISBN 0-446-17829-2.
Smith, Charles (2007). International Trade and Globalisation, 3rd edition. Stocksfield: Anforme. ISBN 1-905504-10-1.
Steger, Manfred (2002). Globalism: the new market ideology. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 0-7425-0072-1.
Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2002). Globalization and Its Discontents. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-32439-7.
Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2006). Making Globalization Work. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-06122-1.
Tausch, Arno (2008). Multicultural Europe: Effects of the Global Lisbon Process. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60456-806-6.
Osle, Rafael Domingo (2010). The New Global Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521193870.
Wolf, Martin (2004). Why Globalization Works. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10252-9.

Pranala luar

Cari tahu mengenai Globalization pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:
	Definisi dan terjemahan dari Wiktionary
	Gambar dan media dari Commons
	Berita dari Wikinews
	Kutipan dari Wikiquote
	Teks sumber dari Wikisource
	Buku dari Wikibuku

Comprehensive discussion of the term at the Site Global Transformations
Globalization Website (Emory University) Links, Debates, Glossary etc.
BBC News Special Report – "Globalisation"
"Resilience, Panarchy, and World-Systems Analysis", from the Ecology and Society Journal
"Globalization" Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Analysis of the idea and its history.
OECD Globalization statistics
"Globalization", from The Canadian Encyclopedia
YaleGlobal Online
Global 3000 Globalization Program by Deutsche Welle-TV

Templat:Garis besar

[GCSP-1] Al-Rodhan, R.F. Nayef and Gérard Stoudmann. (2006). Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition.

[Albrow-2] Albrow, Martin and Elizabeth King (eds.) (1990). Globalization, Knowledge and Society London: Sage. ISBN 978-0803983243 p. 8. "...all those processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a single world society."

[Stever_1972-3] Stever, H. Guyford (1972). "Science, Systems, and Society." Journal of Cybernetics, 2(3):1-3. DOI:10.1080/01969727208542909

[4] Harth, Chris. (2005). 'Struggling to Grasp a Moving Target: Global Studies in the US and Emergent International Landscapes.' Interim Report Prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC.

[5] "Aggregate Demand, Instability and Growth" Review of Keynesian Economics, January 2013 (see also this review of the paper)

[BergOstryEE-6] Berg, Andrew G.; Ostry, Jonathan D. (2011). "Equality and Efficiency". Finance and Development. International Monetary Fund. 48 (3). Diakses tanggal September 10, 2012.

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[6]

@@ Baris 67: / Baris 67: @@
 ===Organisasi bisnis global===
 {{Main|Bisnis internasional|Perdagangan internasional}}
-<!--
-[[International business development]] and the '''organization of business and trade worldwide''' are fundamental aspects of globalization and the development of globalizing systems.
+[[Pembangunan bisnis internasional]] dan organisasi bisnis dan perdagangan dunia merupakan aspek-aspek dasar globalisasi dan perkembangan sistem global.
-[[File:1 singapore city skyline dusk panorama 2011.jpg|thumb|alt=Singapore skyline|[[Singapore]], the top country in the [[Global Enabling Trade Report|Enabling Trade Index]], embraced globalization and became a highly developed country]]
-[[File:US corporate profits and business investment.png|thumb|Red: U.S. corporate profits after tax. Blue: U.S. nonresidential business investment, both as fractions of GDP, 1989-2012. [[Wealth concentration]] of corporate profits in global [[tax havens]] due to [[tax avoidance]] spurred by imposition of austerity measures can stall investment, inhibiting further growth.<ref>[http://www.lem.sssup.it/WPLem/documents/fazzari2.pdf "Aggregate Demand, Instability and Growth"] ''Review of Keynesian Economics'', January 2013 (see also [http://slackwire.blogspot.com/2013/02/aggregate-demand-in-long-run.html this review] of the paper)</ref>]]
+[[File:1 singapore city skyline dusk panorama 2011.jpg|thumb|250px|alt=Singapore skyline|[[Singapura]], negara peringkat pertama dalam [[Global Enabling Trade Report|Enabling Trade Index]], terlibat dalam globalisasi dan menjadi negara yang sangat maju]]
-*  [[:Kategori:Global business organization|Global business organization]] (kategori)
+[[File:US corporate profits and business investment.png|thumb|250px|Merah: Laba perusahaan A.S. dipotong pajak. Biru: Investasi bisnis non-residen A.S., dibandingkan dengan PDB, 1989-2012. [[Pemusatan kekayaan]] laba perusahaan di [[surga pajak]] dunia karena [[pengelakan pajak]] didorong oleh kebijakan pengetatan yang menghambat investasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomoi.<ref>[http://www.lem.sssup.it/WPLem/documents/fazzari2.pdf "Aggregate Demand, Instability and Growth"] ''Review of Keynesian Economics'', January 2013 (see also [http://slackwire.blogspot.com/2013/02/aggregate-demand-in-long-run.html this review] of the paper)</ref>]]
-* [[Corporate citizenship]]
-* [[Global sourcing]]
-** [[Cross-border leasing]]
-** [[Global strategy]]
-*** [[Global R&D management]]
-** [[Intermodal transport (disambiguation)|Intermodal transport]]
-** [[Low-cost country sourcing]]
-** [[Outsourcing]]
-** [[Supply chain management]]
-*** [[Global supply-chain finance]]
-* [[Industrial ecology]]
-* [[International business]]
-* [[Standardization]]
-** [[International standards]]
-*** [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO)
-* [[International trade]]
-** [[Free trade zone]]s
-** [[Special Economic Zones]]
-* [[Multinational companies]]
+*  [[:Kategori:Organisasi bisnis global|Organisasi bisnis global]] (kategori)
-===Economic globalization===
+* [[Kewarganegaraan perusahaan]]
-{{Main|Economic globalization}}
+* [[Alihdaya global]]
+** [[Penyewaan lintas perbatasan]]
+** [[Strategi global]]
+*** [[Manajemen R&D global]]
+** [[Transportasi intermodal (disambiguasi)|Transportasi intermodal]]
+** [[Alihdaya negara berbiaya rendah]]
+** [[Alihdaya]]
+** [[Manajemen rantai penawaran]]
+*** [[Keuangan rantai penawaran global]]
+* [[Ekologi industri]]
+* [[Bisnis internasional]]
+* [[Standardisasi]]
+** [[Standar internasional]]
+*** [[Organisasi Standardisasi Internasional]] (ISO)
+* [[Perdagangan internasional]]
+** [[Zona perdagangan bebas]]
+** [[Zona Ekonomi Khusus]]
+* [[Perusahaan multinasional]]
+===Globalisasi ekonomi===
-[[File:Berg Ostry 2011 Chart 4.gif|thumb|Of the factors influencing the duration of [[economic growth]] in both developed and developing countries, [[Economic inequality|income equality]] has a more beneficial impact than trade openness, sound political institutions, and foreign investment.<ref name=BergOstryEE>{{Cite journal |last= Berg |first= Andrew G. |last2= Ostry |first2= Jonathan D. |year= 2011 |title= Equality and Efficiency |journal= Finance and Development |volume= 48 |issue= 3 |publisher= International Monetary Fund |url= http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2011/09/berg.htm |accessdate= September 10, 2012}}</ref>]]
+{{Main|Globalisasi ekonomi}}
+[[File:Berg Ostry 2011 Chart 4.gif|thumb|250px|Dari semua faktor yang memengaruhi durasi [[pertumbuhan ekonomi]] di negara maju dan berkembang, [[kesenjangan ekonomi|kesetaraan penghasilan]] mmeiliki dampak yang lebih besar daripada keterbukaan perdagangan, lembaga politik yang jelas, dan investasi asing.<ref name=BergOstryEE>{{Cite journal |last= Berg |first= Andrew G. |last2= Ostry |first2= Jonathan D. |year= 2011 |title= Equality and Efficiency |journal= Finance and Development |volume= 48 |issue= 3 |publisher= International Monetary Fund |url= http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2011/09/berg.htm |accessdate= September 10, 2012}}</ref>]]
-Economic globalization – increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, services, technology, and capital. International economic activities and institutions that influence or characterize economic globalization include:
+Globalisasi ekonomi adalah peningkatan interdependensi ekonomi nasional dengan seluruh dunia melalui percepatan pergerakan barang, jasa, teknologi, dan modal lintas perbatasan. Aktivitas ekonomi internasional dan lembaga yang memengaruhi atau menjadi ciri khas globalisasi ekonomi meliputi:
-* [[:Kategori:Economic globalization|Economic globalization]] (kategori)
-* [[Free market]]s
-* [[International economics]]
-** [[Development economics]]
-** [[Economic integration]]
-** [[International finance]]
-*** [[Global financial system]]
-** [[International monetary systems]]
-*** [[World currency]]
-** [[North–South divide]]
-** [[Social economy]]
-** [[Trade globalization]]
-** [[World economy]]
-* [[:Kategori:Economic globalization indices|Economic globalization indices]] (kategori)
+* [[:Kategori:Globalisasi ekonomi|Globalisasi ekonomi]] (kategori)
+* [[Pasar bebas]]
+* [[Ekonomi internasional]]
+** [[Ekonomi pembangunan]]
+** [[Integrasi ekonomi]]
+** [[Keuangan internasional]]
+*** [[Sistem keuangan global]]
+** [[Sistem moneter internasional]]
+*** [[Mata uang dunia]]
+** [[Pemisah Utara–Selatan]]
+** [[Ekonomi sosial]]
+** [[Globalisasi perdagangan]]
+** [[Ekonomi dunia]]
+* [[:Kategori:Indeks globalisasi ekonomi|Indeks globalisasi ekonomi]] (kategori)
+<!--
 ===Sociocultural globalization===
 All aspects of globalization are essentially '''sociocultural''' in nature.  Here, aspects of the [[Cultural globalization|globalization of culture]] are detailed, including [[cultural diversity]], [[cultural homogenization]] and its backlash, as well as [[multiculturalism]], [[multilingualism]], [[global civics]], [[World government|world governance]] and other [[politics|political]] developments and [[social movements]] related to globalization.
@@ Baris 325: / Baris 325: @@
 ** [[Daftar jurnal globalisasi]]
 -->
 ==Tokoh globalisasi==
 * [[:Kategori:Penulis globalisasi|Penulis globalisasi]] (kategori)