Kaisar Etiopia
Kaisar Etiopia | |
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Bekas Kerajaan | |
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Lambang Kekaisaran | |
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Haile Selassie I | |
Penguasa pertama | Menelik I |
Penguasa terakhir | Haile Selassie I |
Kediaman resmi | Istana Menelik |
Penunjuk | Warisan |
Pendirian | s. 980 SM[1] |
Pembubaran | 21 Maret 1975 |
Penuntut takhta | Zera Yacob Amha Selassie |
Kaisar Etiopia (bahasa Ge'ez: ንጉሠ ነገሥት, nəgusä nägäst, "Raja dari Segala Raja") adalah penguasa warisan Kekaisaran Etiopia, sampai pembubaran monarki pada 1975. Kaisarnya adalah kepala negara dan kepala pemerintahan, dengan kekuasaan eksekutif, yudisial dan legislatif di negara tersebut. Sebuah artikel National Geographic Magazine menyebut kekaisaran Etiopia merupakan "sebuah monarki konstitusional; pada kenyataannya [kerajaan tersebut merupakan] sebuah autokrasi benevolent".[2]
Gelar "nəgusä nägäst", yang sering diterjemahkan secara dalam bahasa Inggris sebagai "Kaisar", berasal dari Mesopotamia kuno, kemudian digunakan oleh Raja Sembrouthes dari Kerajaan Aksum (sekitar 250 M). Namun, seorang peneliti : Yuri Kobishchanov menyebutkan tanggal penggunaan ini pada periode setelah kemenangan Persia atas Romawi pada 296–297. Gelar ini secara resmi dipakai sejak pemerintahan Yekuno Amlak dan seterusnya, dengan demikian pejabat bawahan dan penguasa bagian anak sungai, terutama gubernur dari Gojjam, Welega, provinsi ke arah laut dan daerah Shewa, hanya menerima gelar kehormatan nəgus, sebuah kata untuk "raja."
Permaisuri Kaisar disebut sebagai egetege. Permaisuri Zewditu menggunakan bentuk feminin nəgəstä nägäst ("Ratu Raja") untuk menunjukkan bahwa ia memerintah dengan haknya sendiri, dan tidak menggunakan gelar ətege.
Daftar Kaisar Etiopia
Nama |
Masa hidup |
Naik takhta |
Turun takhta |
Catatan |
Keluarga |
Foto |
Mara Takla Haymanot
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after Gudit queen of the Beta Israel destroy Axum her Zagwe cousin and ally becomes king | Zagwe | ![]() |
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Tatadim
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Son of Mara Takla Haymanot | Zagwe | ![]() |
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Jan Seyum
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Son of Mara Takla Haymanot | Zagwe | ![]() |
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Germa Seyum
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Son of Mara Takla Haymanot | Zagwe | ![]() |
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Yemrehana Krestos
|
Son of Germa Seyum | Zagwe | ![]() |
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Kedus Harbe
|
Son of Jan Seyum | Zagwe | ![]() |
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Gebre Mesqel Lalibela
|
1189 | 1229 | Lalibela established as capital. Son of Jan Seyum | Zagwe | ![]() |
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Na'akueto La'ab
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Son of Kedus Harbe | Zagwe | ![]() |
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Yetbarak
|
Son of Gebre Mesqel Lalibela | Zagwe | ![]() |
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Mairari
|
Zagwe | ![]() |
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Harbai
|
Zagwe | ![]() |
Bete Amharan line
Nama |
Masa hidup |
Naik takhta |
Turun takhta |
Catatan |
Keluarga |
Foto |
Yekuno Amlak
|
Died 19 June 1285 | 10 August 1270 | 19 June 1285 | Yekuno Amlak founds with help of Tekle Haymanot and Shewan troops the Solomonic Dynasty again | Solomonic | ![]() |
Yagbe'u Seyon
|
Died 1294 | 19 June 1285 | 1294 | Son of Yekuno Amlak | Solomonic | ![]() |
Senfa Ared IV
|
1294 | 1295 | Son of Yagbe'u Seyon | Solomonic | ![]() |
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Hezba Asgad
|
1295 | 1296 | Son of Yagbe'u Seyon | Solomonic | ![]() |
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Qedma Asgad
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1296 | 1297 | Son of Yagbe'u Seyon | Solomonic | ![]() |
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Jin Asgad
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1297 | 1298 | Son of Yagbe'u Seyon | Solomonic | ![]() |
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Saba Asgad
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1298 | 1299 | Son of Yagbe'u Seyon | Solomonic | ![]() |
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Wedem Arad
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Died 1314 | 1299 | 1314 | Brother of Yagbe'u Seyon | Solomonic | ![]() |
Amda Seyon I
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Died 1344 | 1314 | 1344 | Son of Wedem Arad | Solomonic | ![]() |
Newaya Krestos
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Died 1372 | 1344 | 1372 | Son of Amda Seyon I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Newaya Maryam
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Died 1382 | 1372 | 1382 | Son of Newaya Krestos | Solomonic | ![]() |
Dawit I
|
Died 6 October 1413 | 1382 | 6 October 1413 | Son of Newaya Krestos | Solomonic | ![]() |
Tewodros I
|
Died 1414 | 1413 | 1414 | Son of Dawit I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Yeshaq I
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Died 1429 | 1414 | 1429 | Son of Dawit I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Andreyas
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Died 1430 | 1429 | 1430 | Son of Yeshaq I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Takla Maryam
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Died 1433 | 1430 | 1433 | Son of Yeshaq I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Sarwe Iyasus
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Died 1433 | 1433 | 1433 | Son of Takla Maryam | Solomonic | ![]() |
Amda Iyasus
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Died 1434 | 1433 | 1434 | Son of Takla Maryam | Solomonic | ![]() |
Shewan line
Nama |
Masa hidup |
Naik takhta |
Turun takhta |
Catatan |
Keluarga |
Foto |
Zara Yaqob
|
1399 – 26 August 1468 (aged 69) |
19/20 June 1434 | 26 August 1468 | Debre Birhan established as Capital.Son of Dawit I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Baeda Maryam I
|
1448 – 8 November 1478 (aged 30) |
26 August 1468 | 8 November 1478 | Son of Zara Yaqob | Solomonic | ![]() |
Eskender
|
15 Juli 1471 – 7 Mei 1494 (umur 22) | 1478 | 7 May 1494 | Son of Baeda Maryam I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Amda Seyon II
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ca 1487 – 26 October 1494 (aged ca 7) |
1494 | 26 October 1494 | Son of Eskender | Solomonic | ![]() |
Na'od
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Died 31 July 1508 | 1494 | 31 July 1508 | Son of Baeda Maryam I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Dawit II
|
1501 – 2 September 1540 (aged 39) |
1508 | 2 September 1540 | Son of Na'od | Solomonic | ![]() |
Gelawdewos
|
1521/1522 – 23 March 1559 (aged 38–37) |
3 September 1540 | 23 March 1559 | Son of Dawit II | Solomonic | ![]() |
Menas
|
Died 1 February 1563 | 1559 | 1 February 1563 | Son of Dawit II | Solomonic | ![]() |
Sarsa Dengel
|
1550 – 4 October 1597 (aged 47) |
1563 | 4 October 1597 | Son of Menas | Solomonic | ![]() |
Yaqob
|
ca 1590 – 10 March 1606 | 1597 1604 |
1603 10 March 1606 |
Son of Sarsa Dengel | Solomonic | ![]() |
Za Dengel
|
Died 24 October 1604 | 1603 | 24 October 1604 | Nephew of Sarsa Dengel | Solomonic | ![]() |
Nama |
Masa hidup |
Naik takhta |
Turun takhta |
Catatan |
Keluarga |
Foto |
Susenyos I
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1572 – 17 September 1632 (aged 60) |
1606 | 17 September 1632 | Gondar established as Capital. Grandson of Dawit II | Solomonic | ![]() |
Fasilides
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1603 – 18 October 1667 (aged 64) |
1632 | 18 October 1667 | Fasilides palace complex built which would use the emperors as seat as far as Tewodros II. Son of Susenyos I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Yohannes I
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ca 1640 – 19 July 1682 (aged ca 42) |
1667 | 19 July 1682 | Son of Fasilides | Solomonic | ![]() |
Iyasu I
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1654 – 13 October 1706 (aged 52) |
19 July 1682 | 13 October 1706 | Son of Yohannes I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Yeshaq Iyasu
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Died 1685 | 1685 | 1685 | Claimed to be grandson of Susenyos I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Tekle Haymanot I
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28 Maret 1684 – 30 Juni 1708 (umur 24) | 27 March 1706 | 30 June 1708 | Son of Iyasu I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Amda Seyon
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Died September 1707 | September 1707 | September 1707 | Non-Dynastic | ![]() |
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Tewoflos
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Died 14 October 1711 | 1 July 1708 | 14 October 1711 | Son of Fasilides | Solomonic | ![]() |
Nebahne Yohannes
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1709 | July 1710 | Non-Dynastic | ![]() |
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Yostos
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Died 1716 | 14 October 1711 | 19 February 1716 | Grandson of Iyasu I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Dawit III
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1695 – 18 May 1721 (aged 26) |
8 February 1716 | 18 May 1721 | Son of Iyasu I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Bakaffa
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Died 19 September 1730 | 18 May 1721 | 19 September 1730 | Son of Iyasu I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Iyasu II
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21 Oktober 1723 – 27 Juni 1755 (umur 31) | 19 September 1730 | 27 June 1755 | Son of Bakaffa | Solomonic | ![]() |
Hezqeyas
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1736 | 1737 | Solomonic | ![]() |
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Iyoas I
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ca 1740 – 14 May 1769 (aged ca 29) |
27 June 1755 | 7 May 1769 | Son of Iyasu II | Solomonic | ![]() |
Nama |
Masa hidup |
Naik takhta |
Turun takhta |
Catatan |
Keluarga |
Foto |
Yohannes II
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1699 – 18 October 1769 (aged 70) |
7 May 1769 | 18 October 1769 | Son of Iyasu I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Tekle Haymanot II
|
1754 – 7 September 1777 (aged 23) |
18 October 1769 December 1770 |
August 1770 13 April 1777 |
Son of Yohannes II | Solomonic | ![]() |
Susenyos II
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Died ca 1771 | August 1770 | December 1770 | Possibly the illegitimate son of Iyasu II | Solomonic | ![]() |
Salomon II
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Died 1782 | 13 April 1777 | 20 July 1779 | Son of Abeto Adigo | Solomonic | ![]() |
Tekle Giyorgis I
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ca 1751 – 12 December 1817 (aged ca 66) |
20 July 1779 24 April 1788 January 1794 December 1795 4 January 1798 24 March 1800 |
8 February 1784 26 July 1789 15 April 1795 20 May 1796 20 May 1799 June 1800 |
Son of Yohannes II | Solomonic | ![]() |
Iyasu III
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Died by 1810 | 16 February 1784 | 24 April 1788 | Grandson of Iyasu II | Solomonic | ![]() |
Iyasu
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Died May 1813 | 1787 | 1788 | In opposition to Iyasu III | Non-Dynastic | ![]() |
Baeda Maryam
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1787 | 1788 | In opposition to Iyasu III | Non-Dynastic | ![]() |
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Tekle Haymanot
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Died before 1810 | February 1788 | 1789 | In opposition to Iyasu III | Non-Dynastic | ![]() |
Hezqeyas
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Died 13 September 1813 | 26 July 1789 | January 1794 | Son of Iyasu III | Solomonic | ![]() |
Baeda Maryam II
|
1749 – 1833 (aged 84) |
15 April 1795 | December 1795 | Possibly son of Salomon II | Solomonic | ![]() |
Salomon III
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20 May 1796 20 May 1799 |
15 July 1797 15 July 1799 |
Son of Tekle Haymanot II | Solomonic | ![]() |
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Yonas
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Died May 1813 | 18 August 1797 | 4 January 1798 | Grandson of Fasilides | Solomonic | ![]() |
Demetros
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Died 1802 | 25 July 1799 June 1800 |
24 March 1800 June 1801 |
Son of Arqedewos | Non-Dynastic | ![]() |
Egwale Seyon
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Died 12 June 1818 | June 1801 | 12 June 1818 | Son of Hezqeyas | Solomonic | ![]() |
Iyoas II
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Died 3 June 1821 | 14 June 1818 | 3 June 1821 | Son of Hezqeyas | Solomonic | ![]() |
Gigar
|
ca 1745 – 26 November 1832 (aged ca 87) |
3 June 1821 April 1826 |
April 1826 18 June 1830 |
Possibly son of Iyasu II | Possibly Solomonic | ![]() |
Baeda Maryam III
|
April 1826 | April 1826 | Non-Dynastic | ![]() |
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Iyasu IV
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18 June 1830 | 18 March 1832 | Son of Salomon III | Solomonic | ![]() |
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Gebre Krestos
|
18 March 1832 1832 |
1832 8 June 1832 |
Allegedly a descendant of Fasilides | Solomonic | ![]() |
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Sahle Dengel
|
1778 – 11 February 1855 (aged 77) |
1832 October 1832 October 1841 1845 1851 |
1832 29 August 1840 1845 1850 11 February 1855 |
Brother of Gebre Krestos | Solomonic | ![]() |
Egwale Anbesa
|
1832 | 1832 | Non-Dynastic | ![]() |
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Yohannes III
|
ca 1797 – ca 1873 (aged ca 76) |
30 August 1840 1845 1850 |
October 1841 1845 1851 |
Son of Tekle Giyorgis I | Solomonic | ![]() |
Nama |
Masa hidup |
Naik takhta |
Turun takhta |
Catatan |
Keluarga |
Foto |
Tewodros II
|
ca 1818 – 13 April 1868 (aged ca 47) |
11 February 1855 | 13 April 1868 | Suicide on a British expidition, in the fort of Magdala. Son of Haile Giorgis Wolde Giorgis | Claimed the Solomonic lineage later in his reign | ![]() |
Zagwe dynasty
Nama |
Masa hidup |
Naik takhta |
Turun takhta |
Catatan |
Keluarga |
Foto |
Obed Gebru I
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Died 1873 | 11 June 1868 | 11 July 1871 | Son of Wagshum Gebre Medhin | Claimed the Zagwe lineage through his father[3] | ![]() |
Enderta-Tigrayan line
Nama |
Masa hidup |
Naik takhta |
Turun takhta |
Catatan |
Keluarga |
Foto |
Yohannes IV
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11 Juli 1837 – 10 Maret 1889 (umur 51) | 11 July 1871 | 10 March 1889 | Mekelle established as Capital. Son of Dejazmatch Mercha | Solomonic | ![]() |
Shewan line
Nama |
Masa hidup |
Naik takhta |
Turun takhta |
Catatan |
Keluarga |
Foto |
Menelik II[4]
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17 Agustus 1844 – 12 Desember 1913 (umur 69) | 10 March 1889 | 12 December 1913 | Addis Ababa established as Capital. Son of Negus Haile Melekot | Solomonic | ![]() |
Iyasu V[5]
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4 Februari 1895 – 25 November 1935 (umur 40) | 12 December 1913 | 27 September 1916 | Grandson of Menelik II | Solomonic | ![]() |
Zewditu I[6]
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29 April 1876 – 2 April 1930 (umur 53) | 27 September 1916 | 2 April 1930 | Daughter of Menelik II | Solomonic | ![]() |
Haile Selassie I (1st reign)[7]
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23 Juli 1892 – 27 Agustus 1975 (umur 83) | 2 April 1930 | 2 May 1936 | Son of Ras Makonnen Wolde Mikael | Solomonic | ![]() |
Nama |
Masa hidup |
Naik takhta |
Turun takhta |
Catatan |
Keluarga |
Foto |
Victor Emmanuel III[8]
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11 November 1869 – 28 Desember 1947 (umur 78) | 9 Mei 1936 | 5 Mei 1941 | anak dari Umberto I | Savoy | ![]() |
Gubernur Jenderal Afrika Timur Italia:
- Pietro Badoglio, : 9 Mei 1936 – 11 Juni 1936
- Rodolfo Graziani : 11 Juni 1936 – 21 Desember 1937
- Pangeran Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta: 21 Desember 1937 – 19 Mei 1941
- Pietro Gazzera (pelaksana): 23 Mai 1941 – 6 Juli 1941
- Guglielmo Nasi (pelaksana): 6 Juli 1941 – 27 November 1941
Restorasi Kekaisaran
Nama |
Masa hidup |
Naik takhta |
Turun takhta |
Catatan |
Keluarga |
Foto |
Haile Selassie I (jabatan ke 2)[9]
|
23 Juli 1892 – 27 Agustus 1975 (umur 83) | 5 Mei 1941 | 12 September 1974 | Anak dari Ras Makonnen Wolde Mikael | Salomo | ![]() |
Amha Selassie I[10][11]
|
27 Juli 1916 – 17 Februari 1997 (umur 80) | 12 September 1974 | 21 Maret 1975 | Anak dari Haile Selassie I | Salomo | ![]() |
Catatan
- ^ "The Ark of the Covenant: The Ethiopian Tradition". Diakses tanggal 2013-02-16.
- ^ Nathaniel T. Kenney, "Ethiopian Adventure", National Geographic, 127 (1965), p. 555.
- ^ Also claimed the Solomonic lineage through his mother.
- ^ Previously King of Shewa from 1855 to 1856, and from 1865 to 1889. Ruled under the regency of Ras Betwoded Tessema Nadew from 1909 to 1911 and son of Gebru selassie I Lij Iyasu from 1911 to 1913.
- ^ Never officially crowned as Emperor. Deposed by nobility with the sanction of the Church.
- ^ Ruled under the regency of Ras Tafari Makonnen (future Emperor Haile Selassie I).
- ^ De facto ruler of the country as regent from 1916 to 1930. Crowned as King in 1928.
- ^ Unrecognized only by the United States and Soviet Union in 1940. Renounced title in 1943.
- ^ Briefly deposed during the 1960 coup d'état attempt.
- ^ Proclaimed Emperor by the Imperial Guards during the 1960 coup d'état attempt.
- ^ Designated "King" (not Emperor) by the Derg while out of the country, did not take throne.
Referensi
- Buyers, Christopher. "The Solomonic Dynasty". The Royal Ark. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-25.
- Buyers, Christopher. "The Tewodros Dynasty". The Royal Ark. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-25.
- Buyers, Christopher. "The Tigray Dynasty". The Royal Ark. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-25.
- Buyers, Christopher. "The Zagwe Dynasty". The Royal Ark. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-25.
Pranala luar
- Rasta Ites - List of Ethiopian Kings
- Friesian - Emperors of Ethiopia
- RoyalArk - Ethiopia (various pages)
- WorldStatesmen- Ethiopia
- Crown Council of Ethiopia
Templat:Silsilah keluarga Templat:Kepala negara dan pemerintah negara Afrika