Daftar Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat
Tampilan
Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat (bahasa Inggris: First Lady of the United States) adalah gelar bagi nyonya rumah Gedung Putih. Karena posisi ini secara tradisi diisi oleh istri Presiden Amerika Serikat, gelar ini lebih sering diberikan bagi istri presiden yang sedang menjabat. Namun, ada beberapa perempuan yang bukan istri presiden yang mendapat gelar ini, jika presiden adalah seorang lajang atau duda, atau jika istri presiden tidak dapat memenuhi tugas-tugas sebagai ibu negara. Pada kasus-kasus ini, posisi tersebut diisi oleh kerabat atau teman perempuan dari presiden. Sejak 20 Januari 2021 posisi ini dipegang oleh Jill Biden.
Daftar Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat
No | Potret | Ibu Negara | Menikah | Presiden | Mulai Jabatan | Akhir Jabatan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Martha Custis Washington[1][2] (née Dandridge) |
6 Januari 1759 | George Washington | 30 April 1789 | 4 Maret 1797 | |
2 | Abigail Adams[3][4] (née Smith) |
25 Oktober 1764 | John Adams | 4 Maret 1797 | 4 Maret 1801 | |
3 | Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson[5][6] (née Wayles) |
1 Januari 1772 | Thomas Jefferson | —[n 1] | — | |
4 | Dolley Todd Madison[7][8] (née Payne) |
14 September 1794 | James Madison | 4 Maret 1809 | 4 Maret 1817 | |
5 | Elizabeth Monroe[9][10] (née Kortright) |
16 Februari 1786 | James Monroe | 4 Maret 1817 | 4 Maret 1825 | |
6 | Louisa Catherine Adams[11][12] (née Johnson) |
26 Juli 1797 | John Quincy Adams | 4 Maret 1825 | 4 Maret 1829 | |
7 | Rachel Robards Jackson[13][14] (née Donelson) |
7 Januari 1794 | Andrew Jackson | —[n 2] | — | |
8 | Hannah Van Buren[15][16] (née Hoes) |
7 Januari 1794 | Martin Van Buren | —[n 3] | — | |
9 | Anna Harrison[17][18] (née Tuthill Symmes) |
22 November 1795 | William Henry Harrison | 4 Maret 1841[n 4] | 4 April 1841 | |
10 | Letitia Tyler[19][20] (née Christian) |
29 Maret 1813 | John Tyler | 4 April 1841 | 10 September 1842[n 5] | |
11 | Julia Tyler[21][22] (née Gardiner) |
26 Juni 1844 | 26 Juni 1844[n 6] | 4 Maret 1845 | ||
12 | Sarah Polk[23][24] (née Childress) |
1 Januari 1824 | James K. Polk | 4 Maret 1845 | 4 Maret 1849 | |
13 | Margaret Taylor[25][26] (née Mackall Smith) |
21 Juni 1810 | Zachary Taylor | 4 Maret 1849 | 9 Juli 1850 | |
14 | Abigail Fillmore[27][28] (née Powers) |
5 Februari 1826 | Millard Fillmore | 9 Juli 1850 | 4 Maret 1853 | |
15 | Jane Pierce[29][30] (née Means Appleton) |
19 November 1834 | Franklin Pierce | 4 Maret 1853 | 4 Maret 1857 | |
16 | Harriet Lane[31][32] | —[n 7] | James Buchanan | 4 Maret 1857 | 4 Maret 1861 | |
17 | Mary Todd Lincoln[33][34] (née Todd) |
4 November 1842 | Abraham Lincoln | 4 Maret 1861 | 15 April 1865 | |
18 | Eliza Johnson[35][36] (née McCardle) |
17 Mei 1827 | Andrew Johnson | 15 April 1865 | 4 Maret 1869 | |
19 | Julia Boggs Grant[37][38] (née Dent) |
17 Mei 1827 | Ulysses S. Grant | 4 Maret 1869 | 4 Maret 1877 | |
20 | Lucy Ware Hayes[39][40] (née Webb) |
30 Desember 1852 | Rutherford B. Hayes | 4 Maret 1877 | 4 Maret 1881 | |
21 | Lucretia Garfield[41][42] (née Rudolph) |
30 Desember 1852 | James A. Garfield | 4 Maret 1881 | 19 September 1881 | |
22 | Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur[43][44] (née Lewis Herndon) |
25 Oktober 1859 | Chester A. Arthur | —[n 8] | — | |
23 | Frances Clara Cleveland[45][46] (née Folsom; later Preston) |
2 Juni 1886 | Grover Cleveland | 2 Juni 1886[n 9] | 4 Maret 1889 | |
24 | Caroline Lavinia Harrison[47][48] (née Scott) |
20 Oktober 1853 | Benjamin Harrison | 4 Maret 1889 | 25 Oktober 1892[n 10] | |
25 | Frances Clara Cleveland[45][46] (née Folsom; later Preston) |
2 Juni 1886 | Grover Cleveland | 4 Maret 1893 | 4 Maret 1897 | |
26 | Ida McKinley[49][50] (née Saxton) |
25 Januari 1871 | William McKinley | 4 Maret 1897 | 14 September 1901 | |
27 | Edith Kermit Roosevelt[51][52] (née Carow) |
2 Desember 1886 | Theodore Roosevelt | 14 September 1901 | 4 Maret 1909 | |
28 | Helen Louise Taft[53][54] (née Herron) |
19 Juni 1886 | William Howard Taft | 4 Maret 1909 | 4 Maret 1913 | |
29 | Ellen Louise Wilson[55][56] (née Axson) |
19 Juni 1886 | Woodrow Wilson | 4 Maret 1913 | 6 Agustus 1914[n 11] | |
30 | Edith Galt Wilson[57][58] (née Bolling) |
18 Desember 1915 | 18 Desember 1915 | 4 Maret 1921 | ||
31 | Florence Mabel deWolfe Harding[59][60] (née Kling) |
8 Juli 1891 | Warren G. Harding | 4 Maret 1921 | 2 Agustus 1923 | |
32 | Grace Anna Coolidge[61][62] (née Goodhue) |
4 Oktober 1905 | Calvin Coolidge | 2 Agustus 1923 | 4 Maret 1929 | |
33 | Lou Hoover[63][64] (née Henry) |
4 Oktober 1905 | Herbert Hoover | 4 Maret 1929 | 4 Maret 1933 | |
34 | Anna Eleanor Roosevelt[65][66] (née Roosevelt) |
17 Maret 1905 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | 4 Maret 1933 | 12 April 1945 | |
35 | Elizabeth Virginia Truman[67][68] (née Wallace) |
28 Juni 1919 | Harry S. Truman | 12 April 1945 | 20 Januari 1953 | |
36 | Mamie Geneva Eisenhower[69][70] (née Doud) |
1 Juli 1916 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | 20 Januari 1953 | 20 Januari 1961 | |
37 | Jacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis[71][72] (née Bouvier, kemudian Onassis) |
12 September 1953 | John F. Kennedy | 20 Januari 1961 | 22 November 1963 | |
38 | Claudia "Lady Bird" Alta Johnson[73][74] (née Taylor) |
7 November 1934 | Lyndon B. Johnson | 22 November 1963 | 20 Januari 1969 | |
39 | Thelma "Pat" Catherine Nixon[75][76] (née Ryan) |
21 Juni 1940 | Richard Nixon | 20 Januari 1969 | 9 Agustus 1974 | |
40 | Elizabeth "Betty" Ann Warren Ford[77][78] (née Bloomer) |
15 Oktober 1948 | Gerald Ford | 9 Agustus 1974 | 20 Januari 1977 | |
41 | Eleanor Rosalynn Carter[79][80] (née Smith) |
7 Juli 1946 | Jimmy Carter | 20 Januari 1977 | 20 Januari 1981 | |
42 | Nancy Davis Reagan[81][82] (née Robbins, Davis) |
6 Maret 1952 | Ronald Reagan | 20 Januari 1981 | 20 Januari 1989 | |
43 | Barbara Bush[83][84] (née Pierce) |
6 Januari 1945 | George H. W. Bush | 20 Januari 1989 | 20 Januari 1993 | |
44 | Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton[85][86] (née Rodham) |
11 Oktober 1975 | Bill Clinton | 20 Januari 1993 | 20 Januari 2001 | |
45 | Laura Lane Bush[87][88] (née Welch) |
5 November 1977 | George W. Bush | 20 Januari 2001 | 20 Januari 2009 | |
46 | Michelle LaVaughn Obama[89][90] (née Robinson) |
3 Oktober 1992[91] | Barack Obama | 20 Januari 2009 | 20 Januari 2017 | |
47 | Melanija Trump[92] (née Knavs) |
22 Januari 2005 | Donald Trump | 20 Januari 2017 | 20 Januari 2021 | |
48 | Jill Biden (née Jacobs) |
17 Juni 1977 | Joe Biden | 20 Januari 2021 | Masih menjabat |
Lihat pula
Catatan kaki
- ^ Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson meninggal dunia pada 1782, sembilan belas tahun sebelum Thomas Jefferson menjadi Presiden. Putri mereka, Martha Jefferson Randolph, berperan sebagai nyonya rumah Gedung Putih dan secara tidak resmi sebagai Ibu Negara selama masa jabatan Thomas Jefferson. Pada saat Martha Randolph berhalangan, Presiden Jefferson meminta Dolley Madison, istri Menteri Luar Negeri, James Madison, sebagai gantinya.[5][6]
- ^ Rachel Jackson meninggal dunia pada bulan Desember, 1828, tiga bulan sebelum Andrew Jackson menjadi Presiden. Keponakan Rachel, Emily Donelson, menjabat sebagai nyonya rumah Gedung Putih dan secara tidak resmi sebagai Ibu Negara sampai kematiannya pada tanggal 19 Desember 1836. Putri Jackson dihukum, Sarah Yorke Jackson, juga menjabat sebagai nyonya rumah Gedung Putih dan secara tidak resmi sebagai Ibu Negara mulai pada tanggal 26 November 1834. Sarah tinggal di Gedung Putih sampai akhir masa jabatan presiden keduanya Jackson pada tanggal 4 Maret 1837.[13][14]
- ^ Hannah Van Buren wafat pada 5 Februari 1819, delapan belas tahun sebelum Martin Van Buren menjadi Presiden. Angelica Singleton Van Buren, keponakan Martin diangkat pada jabatan pendamping Gedung Putih dan Ibu Negara tak resmi saat ia menjabat.[15][16]
- ^ Anna Harrison, istri Presiden William Henry Harrison, terserang sakit saat perjalanan dengan William ke Washington D.C. untuk pelantikan, dan membujuk keponakannya Jane Irwin Harrison untuk menemaninya dan bertindak sebagai pendamping sampai ia dijadwalkan datang pada Mei. William Harrison wafat setelah hanya 31 hari menjabat, dan Anna tak pernah mengunjungi Gedung Putih.[17][18]
- ^ Letitia Tyler wafat saat suaminya, John Tyler, masih menjabat, keponakan mereka, Priscilla Cooper Tyler bertindak sebagai pendamping Gedung Putih dan Ibu Negara tak resmi sampai John Tyler menikah lagi pada 26 Juni 1844.[19][20]
- ^ Julia Tyler menikahi John Tyler pada 26 Juni 1844.[21][22]
- ^ James Buchanan adalah seorang tunangan seumur hidup. Kemenakannya, Harriet Lane menjabat sebagai Ibu Negara.[31][32]
- ^ Ellen Arthur wafat pada 1880. Saat Chester A. Arthur menjadi Presiden setelah James A. Garfield wafat, ia membujuk saudarinya, Mary Arthur McElroy untuk menjadi pendamping Gedung Putih.[43][44]
- ^ Frances Cornelia Folsom menikahi Grover Cleveland pada 2 Juni 1886. Grover mulai menjabat pada 4 Maret 1885 sebagai tunangan; saudarinya Rose Cleveland menjabat sebagai pendamping Gedung Putih sampai Grover dan Frances menikah.[45][46]
- ^ Caroline Harrison wafat saat suaminya, Benjamin Harrison, masih menjabat. Putri mereka, Mary Harrison McKee bertindak sebagai pendamping Gedung Putih dan Ibu Negara tak resmi untuk sisa-sisa masa jabatannya.[47][48]
- ^ Ellen Wilson wafat pada 6 Agustus 1914, saat suaminya Woodrow Wilson masih menjabat. Putri mereka, Margaret Woodrow Wilson, bertindak sebagai pendamping Gedung Putih dan Ibu Negara tak resmi sampai Woodrow menikah lagi pada 18 Desember 1915.[55][56]
Referensi
- ^ "Biography of Martha Washington". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Martha Washington". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Abigail Adams". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Abigail Adams". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ a b "Biography of Martha Jefferson". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Martha Jefferson". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Dolley Madison". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Dolley Madison". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Elizabeth Monroe". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Elizabeth Monroe". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Louisa Adams". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Louisa Adams". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ a b "Biography of Rachel Jackson". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Rachel Jackson". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ a b "Biography of Hannah Van Buren". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Hannah Van Buren". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ a b "Biography of Anna Harrison". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Anna Harrison". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ a b "Biography of Letitia Tyler". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Letitia Tyler". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ a b "Biography of Julia Tyler". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Julia Tyler". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Sarah Polk". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Sarah Polk". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Margaret Taylor". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Margaret Taylor". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Abigail Fillmore". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Abigail Fillmore". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Jane Pierce". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Jane Pierce". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ a b "Biography of Harriet Lane". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Harriet Lane". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Mary Lincoln". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Mary Lincoln". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Mary Lincoln". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Mary Lincoln". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Julia Grant". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Julia Grant". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Lucy Hayes". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Lucy Hayes". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Lucretia Garfield". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Lucretia Garfield". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ a b "Biography of Ellen Arthur". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Ellen Arthur". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ a b c "Biography of Frances Cleveland". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ a b c "First Lady Biography: Frances Cleveland". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ a b "Biography of Caroline Harrison". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Caroline Harrison". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Ida McKinley". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Ida McKinley". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Edith Roosevelt". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Edith Roosevelt". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Helen Taft". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Helen Taft". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ a b "Biography of Ellen Wilson". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Ellen Wilson". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Edith Wilson". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Edith Wilson". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Florence Harding". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Florence Harding". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Grace Coolidge". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Grace Coolidge". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Lou Hoover". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Lou Hoover". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Eleanor Roosevelt". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Eleanor Roosevelt". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Bess Truman". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Bess Truman". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Mamie Eisenhower". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Mamie Eisenhower". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Jacqueline Kennedy". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Jackie Kennedy". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Lady Bird Johnson". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Lady Bird Johnson". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Pat Nixon". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Pat Nixon". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Betty Ford". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Betty Ford". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Rosalynn Carter". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Rosalynn Carter". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Rosalynn Carter". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Rosalynn Carter". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Barbara Bush". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Barbara Bush". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Hillary Clinton". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Hillary Clinton". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Laura Bush". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Laura Bush". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Laura Bush". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses tanggal January 20, 2009.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Michelle Obama". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ Fornek, Scott (October 3, 2007). "Michelle Obama: 'He Swept Me Off My Feet'". Chicago Sun-Times. Diakses tanggal January 10, 2009.
- ^ "Who Is Melania Trump?". New York: The New Yorker. Diakses tanggal May 9, 2016.