Efek Streisand

Efek Streisand adalah fenomena ketika upaya untuk menyembunyikan, menghapus, atau menyensor informasi malah membuat informasi tersebut tersebar lebih luas, biasanya dibantu oleh Internet. Efek Streisand merupakan contoh reaktansi psikologis: ketika masyarakat sadar bahwa ada informasi yang disembunyikan, mereka akan berusaha mengaksesnya dan menyebarkannya.^[1]

Nama efek ini diambil dari nama penyanyi asal Amerika Serikat, Barbra Streisand. Pada tahun 2003, Streisand berusaha melarang publikasi foto rumahnya di Malibu, California. Tindakan ini malah membuat masyarakat semakin penasaran. Upaya serupa juga dilakukan lewat surat cabut-dan-hentikan (cease-and-desist) untuk menghapus angka, berkas, dan situs web. Alih-alih dihapus, informasi tersebut mendapat perhatian lebih besar dalam bentuk video atau lagu parodi yang disalin-tempel di seluruh Internet atau disebarkan lewat jaringan berbagi berkas.^[2]^[3]

Asal usul istilah

Mike Masnick, jurnalis dan pendiri Techdirt,^[4] menggunakan istilah efek Streisand untuk kali pertama pada 2005 ketika melaporkan sebuah resor yang tersinggung oleh foto urinoir yang diunggah Urinal.net.^[5] Streisand merujuk pada nama Barbra Streisand, yang menggugat seorang fotografer Kenneth Adelman dan Pctopia.com atas pelanggaran privasi karena telah memuat foto rumahnya di Malibu, California.^[6] Barbra menuntut penghapusan foto rumahnya dalam album 12.000 foto garis pantai California yang dimuat di Pctopia.com.^[7]^[8]^[2] Hakim menolak gugatannya. Alasannya, Kenneth memotret garis pantai untuk mendokumentasian erosi pantai, sebagai bagian dari proyek yang dimaksudkan untuk mempengaruhi pembuat kebijakan pemerintah.^[9]^[10]

Sebelum gugatan dilayangkan, foto rumah Barbra hanya diunduh oleh enam pengunjung, dua di antaranya diunduh oleh pengacara Barbra.^[11] Setelah kasus Barbra mencuat, lebih dari 420.000 orang mengunjungi situs yang memuat foto rumahnya.^[12] Gugatan Barbra diberhentikan dan diperintahkan untuk membayar ganti rugi biaya administrasi Kenneth sebesar $155.567.^[13]^[14]^[15]

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ Burnett, Dean (22 May 2015). "Why government censorship [in no way at all] carries greater risks than benefits" (dalam bahasa Inggris). The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 16 April 2016.
^ ^a ^b Canton, David (November 5, 2005). "Today's Business Law: Attempt to suppress can backfire". London Free Press. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-02-17. Diakses tanggal July 21, 2007. The 'Streisand effect' is what happens when someone tries to suppress something and the opposite occurs. The act of suppressing it raises the profile, making it much more well known than it ever would have been.
^ Mugrabi, Sunshine (January 22, 2007). "YouTube—Censored? Offending Paula Abdul clips are abruptly taken down". Red Herring. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-02-18. Diakses tanggal July 21, 2007. Another unintended consequence of this move could be that it extends the kerfuffle over Ms. Abdul's behavior rather than quelling it. Mr. Nguyen called this the 'Barbra Streisand effect', referring to that actress's insistence that paparazzi photos of her mansion not be used
^ Siegel, Robert (February 29, 2008). "The Streisand Effect' Snags Effort to Hide Documents". All Things Considered. National Public Radio. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal March 6, 2018. The episode is the latest example of a phenomenon known as the 'Streisand Effect.' Robert Siegel talks with Mike Masnick, CEO of Techdirt Inc., who coined the term.
^ Masnick, Mike (January 8, 2015). "For 10 Years Everyone's Been Using 'The Streisand Effect' Without Paying; Now I'm Going to Start Issuing Takedowns". Techdirt. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 15, 2016. Diakses tanggal April 16, 2016.
^ "The perils of the Streisand Effect". BBC News Magazine,. July 31, 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 13, 2016.
^ Bernoff, Josh; Charlene Li (2008). Groundswell: Winning in a World Transformed by Social Technologies. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. hlm. 7. ISBN 1-4221-2500-9.
^ "Since When Is It Illegal to Just Mention a Trademark Online?". Techdirt. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 30, 2012.
^ "Barbra Sues Over Aerial Photos". The Smoking Gun. May 30, 2003. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 17, 2011. Diakses tanggal November 22, 2010.
^ Link includes lawsuit filings. Streisand was ordered to pay $177,107.54 in court and legal fees. The site has an image of the $155,567.04 check Streisand paid for Adelman's legal fees. Diarsipkan April 7, 2008, di Wayback Machine.
^ Tentative ruling, page 6, stating, "Image 3850 was download six times, twice to the Internet address of counsel for plaintiff". In addition, two prints of the picture were ordered—one by Streisand's counsel and one by Streisand's neighbor. "Archived copy" (PDF). Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal August 24, 2015. Diakses tanggal September 24, 2014.
^ Rogers, Paul (June 24, 2003). "Photo of Streisand home becomes an Internet hit". San Jose Mercury News, mirrored at californiacoastline.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 30, 2013. Diakses tanggal June 15, 2007.
^ Streisand v. Adelman, et al., in California Superior Court; Case SC077257
^ Adelman, Kenneth (May 13, 2007). "Barbra Streisand Sues to Suppress Free Speech Protection for Widely Acclaimed Website". California Coastal Records Project. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 7, 2008. Diakses tanggal April 8, 2008.
^ "Streisand's Lawsuit to Silence Coastal Website Dismissed" (Siaran pers). Mindfully.org. December 3, 2003. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 6, 2009. Diakses tanggal April 8, 2008.

Pranala luar

The perils of the Streisand effect Parkinson, Justin. BBC News, July 31, 2014.

[1] Burnett, Dean (22 May 2015). "Why government censorship [in no way at all] carries greater risks than benefits" (dalam bahasa Inggris). The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 16 April 2016.

[London-2] Canton, David (November 5, 2005). "Today's Business Law: Attempt to suppress can backfire". London Free Press. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-02-17. Diakses tanggal July 21, 2007. The 'Streisand effect' is what happens when someone tries to suppress something and the opposite occurs. The act of suppressing it raises the profile, making it much more well known than it ever would have been.

[3] Mugrabi, Sunshine (January 22, 2007). "YouTube—Censored? Offending Paula Abdul clips are abruptly taken down". Red Herring. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-02-18. Diakses tanggal July 21, 2007. Another unintended consequence of this move could be that it extends the kerfuffle over Ms. Abdul's behavior rather than quelling it. Mr. Nguyen called this the 'Barbra Streisand effect', referring to that actress's insistence that paparazzi photos of her mansion not be used

[4] Siegel, Robert (February 29, 2008). "The Streisand Effect' Snags Effort to Hide Documents". All Things Considered. National Public Radio. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal March 6, 2018. The episode is the latest example of a phenomenon known as the 'Streisand Effect.' Robert Siegel talks with Mike Masnick, CEO of Techdirt Inc., who coined the term.

[Masnick-5] Masnick, Mike (January 8, 2015). "For 10 Years Everyone's Been Using 'The Streisand Effect' Without Paying; Now I'm Going to Start Issuing Takedowns". Techdirt. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 15, 2016. Diakses tanggal April 16, 2016.

[6] "The perils of the Streisand Effect". BBC News Magazine,. July 31, 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 13, 2016.

[soctech-7] Bernoff, Josh; Charlene Li (2008). Groundswell: Winning in a World Transformed by Social Technologies. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. hlm. 7. ISBN 1-4221-2500-9.

[tech_dirt-8] "Since When Is It Illegal to Just Mention a Trademark Online?". Techdirt. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 30, 2012.

[smoking-9] "Barbra Sues Over Aerial Photos". The Smoking Gun. May 30, 2003. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 17, 2011. Diakses tanggal November 22, 2010.

[10] Link includes lawsuit filings. Streisand was ordered to pay $177,107.54 in court and legal fees. The site has an image of the $155,567.04 check Streisand paid for Adelman's legal fees. Diarsipkan April 7, 2008, di Wayback Machine.

[11] Tentative ruling, page 6, stating, "Image 3850 was download six times, twice to the Internet address of counsel for plaintiff". In addition, two prints of the picture were ordered—one by Streisand's counsel and one by Streisand's neighbor. "Archived copy" (PDF). Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal August 24, 2015. Diakses tanggal September 24, 2014.

[rogers-12] Rogers, Paul (June 24, 2003). "Photo of Streisand home becomes an Internet hit". San Jose Mercury News, mirrored at californiacoastline.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 30, 2013. Diakses tanggal June 15, 2007.

[13] Streisand v. Adelman, et al., in California Superior Court; Case SC077257

[14] Adelman, Kenneth (May 13, 2007). "Barbra Streisand Sues to Suppress Free Speech Protection for Widely Acclaimed Website". California Coastal Records Project. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 7, 2008. Diakses tanggal April 8, 2008.

[15] "Streisand's Lawsuit to Silence Coastal Website Dismissed" (Siaran pers). Mindfully.org. December 3, 2003. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 6, 2009. Diakses tanggal April 8, 2008.

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