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Grand Prix Australia

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Revisi sejak 18 Desember 2023 13.51 oleh Raditya Pramana Putra (bicara | kontrib) (→‎Sejarah: Perbaikan kesalahan ketik)
Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang balapan mobil. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Grand Prix Australia (disambiguasi).

Grand Prix Australia
Sirkuit Grand Prix Melbourne
Informasi lomba
Jumlah gelaran85
Pertama digelar1928
Terbanyak menang (pembalap)Australia Lex Davison (4)
Jerman Michael Schumacher (4)
Terbanyak menang (konstruktor)Italia Ferrari (13)
Panjang sirkuit5.303 km (3.295 mi)
Jarak tempuh307.574 km (191.071 mi)
Lap58
Balapan terakhir (2023)
Pole position
Podium
Lap tercepat
Mark Webber (foto tahun 2006) berlaga di balapan rumah sendiri di Australia.

Grand Prix Australia (dalam bahasa bahasa Inggris: Australian Grand Prix) adalah sebuah balapan mobil Formula Satu yang menjadi bagian dari musim balapan mobil Formula Satu.[1] Balapan ini diadakan di Sirkuit Grand Prix Melbourne di Albert Park di Melbourne. Event ini diadakan setiap tahun mulai dari tahun 1928 di berbagai tempat di negara Australia, sebelum menjadi bagian dari Kejuaraan Dunia FIA Formula Satu pada tahun 1985. Balapan ini diadakan di Sirkuit Jalan Raya Adelaide di kota Adelaide dari tahun 1985 hingga 1995, sebelum pindah ke kota Melbourne pada tahun 1996, dengan pengecualian pada musim 2020 dan 2021, ketika balapan ini dibatalkan karena pandemi COVID-19.[2][3]

Grand Prix Australia menjadi seri pertama dari Kejuaraan Dunia, menjadi balapan pertama di setiap tahunnya, kecuali pada tahun 2006, sejak seri ini dipindahkan ke Melbourne. Selama tahun tersebut di Adelaide, Grand Prix Australia mendapat kehormatan untuk menjadi seri terakhir dari Kejuaraan Dunia, menggantikan posisi Grand Prix Portugal. Sebagai seri terakhir dari sebuah musim, tuan rumah Grand Prix mendapatkan Grand Prix yang berkenan, di mana yang paling dikenang adalah tahun 1986 dan 1994, di mana gelar juara dunia ditentukan.

Dalam hal kemenangan Grand Prix, Michael Schumacher dan tim Ferrari merupakan pembalap dan tim yang paling sukses hingga saat ini.

Sejarah

Pra-perang

Arthur Waite berhasil memenangkan 100 Miles Road Race 1928 di sirkuit jalan raya Phillip Island dengan mengendarai mobil Austin 7.

Sementara acara balapan yang disebut sebagai Grand Prix Australia diadakan pada tahun 1927 di permukaan rumput Goulburn Racecourse yang diadakan sebagai serangkaian sprint,[4] secara umum balapan yang diterima bahwa Grand Prix Australia dimulai sebagai Balap Jalan 100 Mil, yang diadakan di Sirkuit jalan raya Phillip Island, pada tahun 1928.[5] Perlombaan yang perdana berhasil dimenangkan oleh Arthur Waite, yang secara efektif merupakan entri yang didukung oleh Austin Motor Company, dengan menggunakan mobil Austin 7 yang dimodifikasi. Selama delapan tahun, balapan ini, yang pertama kali disebut sebagai Grand Prix Australia pada musim 1929, dilanjutkan di sirkuit jalan tanah berbentuk persegi panjang. Tim Bugatti mendominasi hasil akhir, dengan meraih empat kemenangan berturut-turut dari tahun 1929 hingga 1932. Balapan terakhir di Phillip Island terjadi pada tahun 1935, dan gelar tersebut berakhir selama tiga tahun. Sebuah acara balapan yang bergaya AGP diadakan pada Boxing Day, 1936 di kota Victor Harbor di Australia Selatan untuk Grand Prix Australia Selatan yang keseratus,[6] sebelum gelar Grand Prix Australia dihidupkan kembali di musim 1938 untuk pembukaan sirkuit yang kemudian menjadi salah satu trek balapan yang paling terkenal di dunia, yaitu Mount Panorama, tepat di luar babak semi-kota pedesaan Bathurst. Baru saja selesai, dengan segel tar untuk sirkuit masih satu tahun lagi, balapan ini berhasil dimenangkan oleh pembalap asal Inggris, yaitu Peter Whitehead, yang membalap dengan voiturette ERA Tipe B, yang terlalu cepat untuk mesin yang dikembangkan secara lokal.[7] Satu balapan lagi diadakan, di Sirkuit Lobethal dekat kota Lobethal di Australia Selatan pada musim 1939, sebelum negara tersebut terjerumus ke dalam Perang dunia II.

Pasca-perang

Awal balapan pasca-perang

Pada era pasca-perang, balapan ini jarang dilakukan karena para pesaing menggunakan mobil sebelum perang dengan persediaan yang dikumpulkan berdasarkan penjatahan bahan bakar dan ban. Mount Panorama mengadakan Grand Prix pasca-perang yang pertama di musim 1947, memulai sistem rotasi antara Negara Bagian Australia,[8] seperti yang dibina oleh Australian Automobile Association.[9] Campuran mobil sport produksi yang dipreteli dan mobil "spesial" Australia akan meraih kemenangan pada saat balapan berlangsung di antara sirkuit lapangan terbang sementara yang diubah dan sirkuit jalanan seperti Point Cook, Leyburn, Nuriootpa, dan Narrogin sebelumnya, pada balapan kembali ke Mount Panorama di musim 1952, jalan menuju masa depan telah ditunjukkan oleh Doug Whiteford dengan mengendarai mobil Formula Satu Talbot-Lago yang baru diimpor menuju kemenangan. Mesin Grand Prix telah disaring dalam bentuk Maserati dan OSCA yang lebih tua dan Cooper yang lebih kecil, tetapi belum terbukti lebih unggul daripada mesin mobil lokal yang dikembangkan. Akhir dari "spesial" Australia akan segera tiba, tetapi rangkaian spesial berbasis Maybach yang luar biasa yang dikendarai dengan penuh semangat oleh Stan Jones akan memberikan banyak harapan untuk beberapa tahun ke depan.

Lex Davison, yang selama beberapa tahun bereksperimen dengan mesin mobil sport pada sasis Formula 2 yang lebih kecil, berhasil meraih kemenangan pertamanya dari empat kemenangan dalam Jaguar bermesin Formula 2 HWM di musim 1954, sedangkan pada tahun sebelumnya, Whiteford berhasil memenangkan Grand Prix untuk yang ketiga dan terakhir kalinya pada saat mobil balap bergemuruh untuk yang pertama kalinya di jalan-jalan di sekitar Albert Park Lake di bagian dalam kota Melbourne. Sirkuit tersebut, yang selama empat tahun singkat memberikan negara Australia cita rasa paling kuat dari kemegahan balapan Grand Prix Eropa, 40 tahun kemudian banyak dimodifikasi, dan digunakan untuk menjadi tuan rumah Grand Prix Australia 1996 sebagai tempat kejuaraan dunia Formula Satu yang modern. Jack Brabham berhasil meraih kemenangan pertamanya dari tiga kemenangan AGP di 1955 di Sirkuit Port Wakefield di Australia Selatan. Perlombaan ini penting karena Brabham mengendarai mobil Bristol bertenaga Cooper T40, mobil bermesin belakang pertama yang berhasil memenangkan Grand Prix.

Grand Prix ini kembali lagi ke Albert Park pada musim 1956, tahun Olimpiade Melbourne yang menjadi tuan rumah bagi sekelompok tim tamu Eropa, dipimpin oleh Stirling Moss dan pabrik Tim balap Maserati yang membawa armada mobil Grand Prix 250F dan mobil balap sport 300S. Moss berhasil memenangkan Grand Prix dari rekan setimnya di Maserati, yaitu Jean Behra. Balapan tahun 1956 itu akan menginspirasi era besar Grand Prix berikutnya.[10]

Tasman Formula

Tumbuhnya pengaruh pembalap-insinyur Jack Brabham dan beberapa tahun di belakangnya pembalap asal Selandia Baru, yaitu Bruce McLaren, akan mengubah balapan. Brabham, yang pertama kali berhasil memenangkan Grand Prix di musim 1955 dengan mengendarai mobil Cooper T40 Bristol yang dibawanya pulang dari terjun pertamanya ke balapan Inggris,[11] akan menguji perkembangan baru untuk Cooper selama musim dingin Eropa, memulai membanjirnya mesin Cooper-Climax Grand Prix ke negara Australia dan Selandia Baru, sebelum Brabham mulai membangun mobil sendiri miliknya, serta penampilan sasis Lotus juga, yang pada akhirnya membunuh "spesial" Australia. Dengan dibatasinya Formula Satu Eropa oleh peraturan 1,5 liter dan mobil Australia 2,5 liter yang besar dan bertenaga sangat menarik bagi tim-tim Eropa, dan ketika tim Grand Prix BRM melakukan tur ke negara Australia selama musim panas 1962, benih itu tumbuh menjadi Seri Tasman.

Tim dan pembalap Formula Satu Eropa ternama berlomba pada musim dingin Eropa di negara Australia dan Selandia Baru dari musim 1963 hingga 1969 menjadi tuan rumah masa keemasan balapan di wilayah tersebut, yang mana Grand Prix Australia (dan Grand Prix Selandia Baru) menjadi permata musim panas. Popularitas formula Tasman secara langsung bertanggung jawab atas "kembalinya kekuasaan" di dalam ajang Formula Satu pada tahun 1966, dan setelah menghabiskan waktu selama bertahun-tahun untuk mengembangkan mobil Brabham dengan Repco, pada akhirnya Repco V8 berbasis Oldsmobile di seri Tasman memberikan Jack Brabham kesempatan untuk secara tidak terduga mendominasi ajang Formula Satu di mobil Brabham-nya dengan mobil ringan yang sudah terbukti yang membuat Ferrari dan "garagistes" Inggris berjuang dengan mobil mereka yang berat, rapuh secara teknis, atau kurang bertenaga, hingga munculnya Lotus-Cosworth pada tahun 1967.

Para bintang Formula Satu pada masa itu semuanya mengunjungi Tasman Series, termasuk Juara Dunia Jim Clark, John Surtees, Phil Hill, Jackie Stewart, Graham Hill, dan Jochen Rindt, sementara pemain tetap F1 yang lainnya, yaitu Timmy Mayer, Pedro Rodriguez, Piers Courage, memimpin tim dari Cooper, Lotus, Lola, BRM, bahkan kendaraan roda empat Ferguson P99 dan terakhir, Ferrari, berpacu melawan bintang lokal, yaitu Jack Brabham, Bruce McLaren, Denny Hulme, Chris Amon, Frank Gardner, Frank Matich, Leo Geoghegan, dan Kevin Bartlett. Brabham berhasil memenangkan Grand Prix ini sebanyak tiga kali, McLaren dua kali, Clark dua kali, yang kedua adalah kemenangan besar terakhirnya sebelum kematiannya, memenangkan pertarungan yang sangat menghibur dengan Chris Amon di Grand Prix Australia 1968 di Sandown Raceway. Graham Hill berhasil memenangkan perlombaan Grand Prix Australia 1966|di musim 1966, dengan Amon yang berhasil memenangkan perlombaan formula Tasman yang terakhir di |musim 1969, memimpin atas rekan setimnya di kandang Ferrari, yaitu Derek Bell, untuk finis di posisi 1–2 yang dominan di Lakeside Raceway.

Formula 5000

Pada akhir dekade ini, tim-tim Eropa semakin enggan berkomitmen pada Tasman Series karena musim kandang yang lebih panjang, namun juga harus mengembangkan versi 2,5 liter dari mesin F1 3,0 liter mereka. Mobil lokal Tasman juga mengalami penurunan dan setelah pada awalnya lebih memilih Tasman versi 2.0 liter untuk menjadi masa depan Grand Prix Australia, dukungan yang luar biasa terhadap Formula 5000 yang sudah mapan menyaksikan kekuatan seleksi alam tangan CAMS.[12]

Pada paruh pertama tahun 1970-an, Seri Tasman berlanjut sebagai seri lokal yang utamanya diperuntukkan bagi para pembalap Formula 5000, namun pada tahun 1976, balapan di negara Australia dan Selandia Baru retak, dan Grand Prix Australia terpisah dari sisa-sisanya, dan menjadi sebuah balapan yang berdiri sendiri. Selama era ini, mantan bintang Tasman, Matich, Geoghegan, dan Bartlett akan terus berlanjut seiring dengan munculnya generasi pembalap yang baru, beberapa diantaranya seperti Garrie Cooper (Elfin) dan Graham McRae mengembangkan mobil mereka sendiri, sementara yang lain seperti Max Stewart, John McCormack, dan Alfredo Costanzo menggunakan mobil buatan Eropa, kebanyakan Lola. Matich berhasil memenangkan dua Grand Prix dengan mobilnya sendiri, sebelum Stewart dan McRae masing-masing meraih sepasang kemenangan. Menjelang akhir tahun 1970-an, balapan tersebut kembali lagi menjadi rumah bagi para antipodean yang kembali lagi ke benua Eropa, seperti Alan Jones dan Larry Perkins, dengan Warwick Brown yang berhasil memenangkan balapan ini pada tahun 1977, sementara di musim 1976, pembalap mobil touring John Goss menyelesaikan rekor ganda yang luar biasa, dengan menjadi satu-satunya pembalap yang berhasil memenangkan Grand Prix dan balapan mobil touring Bathurst 1000.

Calder Park

Menurunnya perekonomian dan dominasi mobil touring Grup C menjelang akhir tahun 1970-an membuat Formula 5000 perlahan-lahan tidak lagi disukai. Pada tahun 1980, keputusan untuk mengganti sekali lagi sudah dekat; namun, penampilan Alan Jones di dalam ajang Formula Satu membuat pengusaha Bob Jane mengambil peluang untuk membawa ajang Formula Satu untuk kembali lagi sebagai Formula Grand Prix. Acara balapan pada musim 1980 yang diadakan di Calder Park Raceway Jane menampilkan gabungan lapangan Formula Satu dan Formula 5000 yang dilengkapi dengan mobil Formula Atlantik versi Australisasi, yaitu Formula Pasifik.[13] Juara dunia yang baru dinobatkan, yaitu Jones, menyapu lapangan dengan mengendarai mobil Williams-Ford miliknya, tetapi dengan hanya dua mobil F1 yang masuk (yang lainnya adalah Alfa Romeo 179 yang dikemudikan oleh Bruno Giacomelli).

Disintegrasi F5000 yang terus berlanjut membuat Jane memusatkan empat Grand Prix berikutnya di Formula Pasifik (yang kemudian diubah namanya menjadi kategori Formula Mondial,[14]) dan mengimpor pembalap Formula Satu untuk balapan dengan penduduk lokal di lapangan, yang hampir seluruhnya terdiri dari Ralt RT4. Roberto Moreno asal Brasil berhasil mendominasi era ini, memenangkan tiga dari empat balapan, dan hanya menyisakan balapan di musim 1982 saja kepada Juara Dunia sebanyak empat kali di masa depan, yaitu Alain Prost.

Upaya Jane untuk membawa Kejuaraan Dunia ke Calder Park pada akhirnya gagal, begitu pula tawaran dari sirkuit yang lain di kota Melbourne, yaitu Sandown (meskipun Sandown mampu menarik putaran Kejuaraan Mobil Olahraga Dunia ke trek yang ditingkatkan di Kejuaraan Dunia musim 1984). Ternyata, pihak F1 akan tergoda untuk meninggalkan kota Melbourne karena pilihan yang jauh lebih menarik,[15] tetapi balapan itu terdaftar sebagai sebuah balapan cadangan di dalam kalender F1 musim 1982.[16]

Formula Satu

Adelaide (1985–1995)

Berkas:AdelaideAlive.jpg
Poster promosi untuk Grand Prix Australia yang pertama di Adelaide pada musim 1985.

The Australian Grand Prix became a round of the FIA Formula One World Championship in 1985 with the last race of the season held on the street circuit in Adelaide. The Adelaide Street Circuit, which held its last Formula One race in 1995, was known as a challenging, demanding and tricky circuit that often produced races of attrition, and the whole event was very popular with drivers, teams and fans. Whenever the teams came to Adelaide they enjoyed the party atmosphere.[17]

The first ever Australian Grand Prix to be included as part of the Formula One World Championship was also the 50th AGP. The new 3.78 km Adelaide Street Circuit saw Brazilian Ayrton Senna on pole with a time of 1:19.843 in his Lotus–Renault. The race itself was a battle between Senna and Finland's Keke Rosberg driving a Williams–Honda for the last time. Run in oppressively hot conditions, the last race of the 1985 season ran to its 2-hour time limit, though all scheduled 82 laps were run. Rosberg ultimately prevailed finishing 43 seconds in front of the Ligier–Renaults of Frenchmen Jacques Laffite and Philippe Streiff who actually collided at the hairpin at the end of Brabham Straight with only one lap to go when Streiff tried a passing move that resulted in his car suffering broken suspension, though not bad enough to cause retirement. Three time World Champion Austrian Niki Lauda drove his last Formula One race at this event. After starting 16th in his McLaren, he made his way to the lead by lap 57, but a lack of brakes cause him to crash into a wall in a sad end to his Formula One career. Australia had its own driver in the race with 1980 World Champion Alan Jones driving a Lola–Hart. Jones, who started 19th, stalled at the start but fought his way to sixth by lap 20 before retiring later in the lap with electrical failure. The 1986 event was a three-way race for the Drivers' Championship. Briton Nigel Mansell and Brazilian Nelson Piquet in Williams–Hondas and Frenchman Alain Prost, in a comparatively underpowered McLaren–TAG/Porsche, were competing for the drivers' title. Mansell needed only third to guarantee the title, whilst Prost and Piquet needed to win and for Mansell to finish fourth or lower to take the title. Finn Keke Rosberg led for 62 laps before a puncture that caused damage to his McLaren; this was the 1982 champion's last Formula One race. Whilst comfortably in the top three with 20 laps to go, Mansell's Williams suffered a spectacular mechanical failure, with a rear tyre puncture at 180 mph (290 km/h) on the Brabham Straight, creating a huge shower of sparks as the floor of the vehicle dragged along the bitumen surface. Mansell fought to control the violently veering car and steered it to a safe stop. Prost took the lead, as Mansell's teammate Piquet had pitted as a pre-cautionary measure, and the Frenchman won the race and the championship. Prost had to fight back after a mid-race puncture, and stopped soon after the finish so as not to waste fuel, something he had done at every race he finished since his disqualification from the 1985 San Marino Grand Prix for being underweight after his McLaren ran out of fuel on his slow down lap after crossing the line first. 1987 saw Gerhard Berger win in his Ferrari while Ayrton Senna finished second but was then disqualified for technical irregularities in his last race for Lotus; Berger's teammate Michele Alboreto was then moved up to second place to make the final result a Ferrari 1–2.

1988, the last Grand Prix of the turbo era, saw Alain Prost win his seventh race of the season from McLaren teammate and newly crowned World Champion Ayrton Senna with outgoing champion Nelson Piquet third for Lotus, giving Honda turbo's all three podium positions. The race was also the 15th win and 15th pole in 16 races in a season of total dominance for McLaren-Honda, a domination not seen before or since in Formula One. 1989 was hit by a deluge of rain and the drivers, notably Prost, did not want to start the race because of the very wet conditions, particularly on the Brabham straight. This event came after controversial events 2 weeks before at the Japanese Grand Prix at Suzuka, where Prost had crashed into his hated teammate Senna, and Senna got going again and finished 1st on the road but after political discussions was disqualified for cutting the chicane before the pit straight at Suzuka; the repercussions of which dawned on the race. McLaren had decided to appeal Senna's disqualification; so Senna still had a chance of winning the championship. The race was delayed for sometime and there were discussions about whether the race should be started. Senna qualified on pole position, and had every intention of starting the race. The circuit was still being hammered by rain and was covered by water, but the drivers, including Prost relented and eventually they started. But an unconvinced Prost came in after one lap and withdrew; and Senna- who was still in an awful mental state from the previous race, immediately began driving as fast as he could. By the end of the first lap, due to Pierluigi Martini's slow Minardi holding up the two faster Williams cars of Belgian Thierry Boutsen and Italian Riccardo Patrese, Senna was an astonishing nine seconds ahead of Martini; the Williams cars soon passed Martini but by the end of the third lap, Senna was 23 seconds ahead of second-placed Boutsen. Yet even with such a huge lead which he extended even further, Senna continued to push very hard- taking very daring chances even for himself; the psychological dominance F1 had exuded over the Brazilian meant that he was known to take chances that most other drivers would not. Going down the Brabham straight on lap 13, Senna came up behind Briton Martin Brundle's Brabham-Judd, and Brundle decided to move over to let Senna pass. But Senna was blinded by thick spray; and the Brazilian did not lift off, causing him to hit the back of Brundle's car, tearing off his front left wheel and suspension and resulting in the Brazilian's retirement. This effectively handing Prost his third Drivers' Championship; McLaren's appeal had not been decided yet, but with Senna failing to score, he was mathematically unable to catch Prost even if his Japanese Grand Prix victory stood, and it was not only overturned but Senna received a $100,000 fine and a six-month ban, both of which were rescinded. Boutsen won the race in the unimproved conditions, with the race called after it reached the two-hour time limit.

1990 was the 500th World Championship Grand Prix ever held; and it came after yet more controversial events at Suzuka. Senna had crashed into Prost at the very first corner on the first lap of the race; and he won the Drivers' Championship for the second time. The Australian Grand Prix that year was an incredibly exciting race: Senna led for 61 laps, but crashed near the entrance to the permanent race course because of gearbox problems. The race then turned into a dead-heat sprint between Nelson Piquet in his Benetton-Ford and Nigel Mansell in his Ferrari. Mansell charged through the field and repeatedly broke the lap record in pursuit of his former Williams teammate. This almost ended in disaster when the Ferrari almost hit the Benetton at the end of the Brabham Straight in a last-ditch overtaking move on the last lap. Piquet won from the Ferraris of Mansell and Prost. There was pre-race controversy when Prost refused to take part in both the annual end of season drivers' photo and the special photo shoot with the World Champions in attendance (including legendary five-time champion Juan Manuel Fangio, three-time champions Sir Jack Brabham, Jackie Stewart, Niki Lauda, and Nelson Piquet; and other world champions James Hunt, Alan Jones, Denny Hulme and Senna), as Prost was still disgusted and angry did not wish to appear in the photos with Senna following their controversial first corner crash in the previous race in Japan which gave the 1990 World Championship to Senna.

The 1991 race was notable for being held in extremely wet and tricky conditions and the race was eventually stopped after 14 of the scheduled 82 laps and Ayrton Senna was declared the winner. Prost had been fired from Ferrari for making unsavory comments about the car after Suzuka; he did not compete in this race. The Drivers' Championship had already been decided in Senna's favour; but the Constructors' Championship was still yet to be decided between McLaren and Williams. Senna's victory plus his teammate Gerhard Berger's third gave McLaren its fourth consecutive Constructors' Championship; Williams (which was behind McLaren in points) drivers Mansell finished second (but crashed near the race's end at the chicane after the pits) and Riccardo Patrese finished fifth. This race held the record of being the shortest ever Formula One race as it only lasted 52 kilometres (33 miles)/24 minutes. It would eventually be surpassed by the 2021 Belgian Grand Prix, which lasted three laps, but was classified after only one official lap. Triple World Champion Nelson Piquet, who finished fifth, retired from Grand Prix racing following the race.

1992 saw Senna drive very hard to try to stay with new world champion Mansell's dominant Williams; this ended in Senna running into the back of Mansell at the last corner. Mansell retired from Formula One and went to compete in CART in the United States; Senna's teammate Gerhard Berger won the race. 1993 saw Senna win what was to be his 41st and final victory and final race for McLaren ahead of Alain Prost, who was competing in his final Formula One race in a Williams before he too retired. Senna embraced his once extremely bitter rival Prost on the podium. It was announced around this time that the Australian Grand Prix would be moving to Melbourne for 1996.

The 1994 was to see yet another memorable weekend. Following his win at the Japanese Grand Prix, Damon Hill was now one point behind championship leader Michael Schumacher. Nigel Mansell, returning to Formula One in place of the late Senna, was on pole but a poor start resulted in the two championship rivals Hill and Schumacher battling for the lead. But on lap 36, Schumacher went off the track, a result of oversteer, and this allowed Hill to catch up with Schumacher and take the inside line for the next corner. Schumacher turned in on Hill's Williams (whether on purpose or accidentally remains unknown) which sent the Benetton up on two wheels and into the tyre barrier, Schumacher retiring on the spot. Hill came out of the incident with a broken wishbone on his front-left suspension, he pitted and retired from the race, handing the title to Schumacher. The sister Williams of the 41-year-old Nigel Mansell went on to win the race, becoming the oldest Grand Prix winner since Jack Brabham in 1970.

In 1995, Mika Häkkinen suffered a tyre failure at the early part of the first qualifying session at the high speed Brewery Bend between Jones and Brabham Straights, which resulted in him crashing heavily into the outside wall. He was critically injured in the crash and was saved only due to an emergency cricothyroidotomy that was performed by the side of the track by Sid Watkins.[18] This incident forged a strong bond between Häkkinen and team principal Ron Dennis, and also sent forth a new movement for extra safety in the sport. Luckily, Häkkinen recovered fully and was fit to race again in 1996, thus missing only one race. Häkkinen climbed back into a Formula One car at Paul Ricard three months after the accident.[19] The final F1 race at Adelaide was won by Damon Hill in a Williams, with almost all of his main rivals including Schumacher retiring, and Hill finished two laps ahead of second-placed Olivier Panis.

Melbourne (1996–2019, 2022–sekarang)

Sirkuit Albert Park (1996–2020).

In 1993 prominent Melbourne businessman Ron Walker began working with the Kennett government to make Melbourne the host of the event. After the government of Jeff Kennett spent an undisclosed amount,[20] it was announced on 17 December 1993 (less than a week after the South Australian election) that the race would be shifted to a rebuilt Albert Park Circuit in Melbourne.[21] The race moved to Melbourne in 1996. The decision to hold the race there was controversial. A series of protests were organised by the "Save Albert Park" group, which claimed that the race turned a public park into a private playground for one week per year. Additionally, they claimed that the race cost a great deal of money that would be better spent, if it were to be spent on motor racing, on a permanent circuit elsewhere. Finally, they said that the claimed economic benefits of the race were false or exaggerated. The race organisers and the government claimed that the economic benefits to the state, although unquantifiable, outweighed the costs, and highlighted that the park's public amenities have been greatly improved from the World War II vintage facilities previously located at Albert Park; the Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre (scene of many Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games events) being the centre piece and best known of the revitalised facilities. Opponents of holding the race in the park point out that the Aquatic Centre adds nothing to the Grand Prix, is effectively closed for weeks surrounding the event and could have been built independent of the car race.

Acara demonstrasi diadakan di kota Melbourne sesaat sebelum dimulainya Grand Prix 2005.
Nick Heidfeld dan Nico Rosberg di Tikungan ke-6 Sirkuit Albert Park, Melbourne.

Bernie Ecclestone, the then president of Formula One Management, the group that runs modern-day Formula One in conjunction with the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), once famously said that it took 10 minutes to do the deal with Melbourne that would see the Victorian capital host the Australian Grand Prix from 1996. It was thought that Melbourne's unsuccessful quest to stage the 1996 Olympic Games, and the subsequently successful bid by northern rival city Sydney to host the 2000 Summer Olympics, was a driving force behind Melbourne's motivation to wrest the Australian Grand Prix away from Adelaide. The Australian Grand Prix at Adelaide in 1985–1995 was always the last event in the Formula One calendar – but from 1996 onwards, it has usually been the first event or was held early in the season.

Albert Park, within easy reach of the Melbourne central business district, became home to the Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne. A 16-turn circuit, which measures 53 km (33 mi) in its current guise, it was built utilising a combination of public roads and a car park within the park. The circuit is renowned as being a smooth and high-speed test for Formula One teams and drivers. Its characteristics are similar to the only other street circuit set in a public park used in the Formula One World Championship, the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in Montreal which hosts the Canadian Grand Prix. The promotional theme for the first race in Melbourne was "Melbourne – What a Great Place for the Race". Some 401,000 people turned out for the four days leading up to and including the first race in 1996, which remains a record for the event. The logistics of creating a temporary circuit and hosting an event of the magnitude of a Formula One Grand Prix from scratch were not lost on the international visitors, with Melbourne winning the F1 Constructors' Association Award for the best organised Grand Prix of the year in its first two years (1996 and 1997).

It took just three corners for the Australian Grand Prix at Albert Park to gain worldwide attention. On the first lap of the first race in 1996, Jordan's Martin Brundle was launched into the air in an enormous accident. Footage of the crash, and Brundle's subsequent rush back to the pits to take the spare car for the restart, ensured the first race in Melbourne gained widespread coverage. The race was won by Williams's Damon Hill.

Pemenang Balapan 2008, yaitu Lewis Hamilton, di atas Podium bersama dengan Nick Heidfeld.

The 1997 race saw McLaren, through David Coulthard, break a drought of 50 races without a victory. The next year was a McLaren benefit, with Mika Häkkinen and Coulthard lapping the entire field en route to a dominant 1–2 finish. The result was clouded by controversy when Coulthard pulled over with two laps remaining to allow Häkkinen to win, honouring a pre-race agreement between the pair that whoever made it to the first corner in the lead on lap one would be allowed to win. Ferrari won its first Grand Prix in Melbourne in 1999, but it was not with team number one Michael Schumacher. Northern Irishman Eddie Irvine took his maiden victory after the all-conquering McLarens of Häkkinen and Coulthard retired before half-distance. Schumacher broke his Melbourne drought the following year when he headed a dominant Ferrari 1–2 with new teammate Rubens Barrichello. The 2001 event, also won by Michael Schumacher, was marked by tragedy when 52-year-old volunteer marshal Graham Beveridge was killed after a high-speed accident involving Ralf Schumacher and Jacques Villeneuve on lap five. Villeneuve's B.A.R. rode up across the back of Schumacher's Williams and crashed into the fence, behind which Beveridge was standing; Beveridge was hit by a tyre that flew off of Villeneuve's car.

The start of the 2002 race saw pole-sitter Barrichello and Williams's Ralf Schumacher come together at Turn One in a spectacular accident that saw 11 of the 22 cars eliminated before the end of the opening lap. Michael Schumacher dominated thereafter to post a third straight Melbourne win, but his achievements were overshadowed by the fifth place of Australian Mark Webber on his Formula One debut. Webber, in an underpowered and underfunded Minardi, had to recover from a botched late pit stop and resist the challenges of Toyota's Mika Salo in the closing stages, and took to the podium after the race with Australian team owner Paul Stoddart in one of Melbourne's more memorable Grand Prix moments. The next year, 2003, saw Coulthard again win for McLaren in a race held in variable conditions. Normal service was resumed in 2004 with the Ferraris of Schumacher and Barrichello running rampant – within two laps of Friday practice, Schumacher had obliterated the Albert Park lap record, and sailed to a crushing win. In 2005, the race was won by Renault's Giancarlo Fisichella after a storm during Saturday qualifying produced a topsy-turvy grid. Barrichello and Fisichella's teammate Fernando Alonso came through the field from 11th and 13th on the grid respectively to join pole sitter Fisichella on the podium.

In 2006, Alonso took his first Australian win in an accident-marred race that featured four safety car periods. In 2007 Kimi Räikkönen won in his first race for Ferrari, while rookie Lewis Hamilton became the first driver in 11 years to finish on the podium in his F1 debut, finishing third behind his McLaren teammate Alonso. Hamilton won the 2008 race which had three safety car periods and only six finishers. In 2009 Jenson Button took the victory, driving for debutant team Brawn GP, which was having its first race after Ross Brawn had bought the team following Honda's withdrawal from Formula One. The team was formed from the remnants of Honda Racing F1 who had withdrawn from the sport following the 2008 season. The race ended with Button, who had led from the start, leading the field over the line after the safety car had been deployed with three laps remaining following a crash between Sebastian Vettel and Robert Kubica, who had been fighting for second place. This promoted Button's teammate, fellow Brawn GP driver Rubens Barrichello, to second, marking a historic 1-2 for the team. Toyota's Jarno Trulli was given a 25-second penalty for passing Lewis Hamilton for third place under yellow flags during that safety car period, which promoted Hamilton into that position. However, Hamilton was later disqualified and docked his points for "deliberately misleading stewards",[22] with Trulli reinstated in third. The results earned by Brawn, Williams, and Toyota were awarded, despite an appeal being held two weeks later against a ruling on the legality of the teams' diffuser design.[23] The outcome of the appeal was in favour of the teams, their diffusers were declared legal under the new rules and there were no changes to the results of the race.

2010 again saw Button win at Melbourne. Starting from fourth, he gambled on an early change to slick tires under drying conditions that let him move up to second place after losing several positions at the start. Sebastian Vettel retired with mechanical issues after qualifying on pole and leading until his retirement, handing Button the victory. The 2011 race saw Vettel take victory in the Red Bull, with Hamilton second and Vitaly Petrov third for Lotus. This was the first ever podium for a Russian Formula One driver. 2012 saw Button win for the third time in four years at the circuit. 2013 saw a surprise victory with Raikkonen in the Lotus winning from Alonso and Vettel. The reintroduction of V6 turbo hybrid engines for 2014 saw a dominant performance from Mercedes's Nico Rosberg at the Grand Prix, who took the victory from the McLarens of Kevin Magnussen and Button, both of whom were promoted due to the disqualification of Daniel Ricciardo in the Red Bull post race for illegal fuel flow. 2015 saw Hamilton take the victory from teammate Rosberg, with Vettel completing the top three.

In 2020, it was planned to hold the Grand Prix despite the coronavirus epidemic in the country. Ferrari and AlphaTauri as teams based in Italy, the most coronavirus-infected country in Europe at the time, expressed concern about the possibility of leaving the quarantine zone. One of McLaren's mechanics got flu-like symptoms when he arrived in Australia, his coronavirus test returned positive and the British team withdrew from the race. Later, a photographer was also confirmed to have coronavirus. It was announced that the Grand Prix would still take place, but without spectators, however two hours before the first practice started the event was cancelled.[24][25]

After a two-year absence as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Australian Grand Prix returned in 2022. Unlike previous years, when it was the opening event of the season, the 2022 Australian Grand Prix was instead the third event of the season. In the months before the Grand Prix, in consultation with drivers,[26] the circuit underwent several significant revisions,[27][28] which were the first and most significant changes since the inaugural 1996 Australian Grand Prix,[29] including the first track resurfacing since then.[30] Turns 9 and 10 were completely redesigned; where they formed a right–left chicane with a heavy braking zone on the approach, the redesign saw them removed.[29] This was done to raise the approach speed for old turns 11 and 12.[31] Several other corners were reprofiled to encourage overtaking, most notably the old turn 13, which was widened to create additional racing lines.[32] Positive camber was also added to allow drivers to carry more speed through the corner.[33] The main straight and pit lane were also redesigned, with the pit lane wall moved two metres closer to the circuit so that the edge of the circuit sat directly next to the wall.[27] The 2022 Grand Prix saw Ferrari's Charles Leclerc achieve his first career grand slam, having started in pole position, set the fastest lap, led every lap, and won the race ahead of Red Bull's Sergio Pérez and Mercedes' George Russell. It was the first grand slam for an individual Ferrari driver since Fernando Alonso's at the 2010 Singapore Grand Prix.[34] The 2022 edition set a new attendance record at the circuit for the weekend, with a reported 419,114 attendees, including 128,294 on race day; these figures made the 2022 Grand Prix the highest attended Grand Prix ever held in Melbourne and one of the most popular sporting weekends in Australian history.[35][36][37] The 2023 edition, which saw Max Verstappen win his maiden Australian Grand Prix, would break the record with 444,631 attendees,[38] and would also break a Formula One record; the race, which ended with twelve cars left running, is the first ever to have three red flags throughout the session. This came after a chaotic race that saw many incidents; the Formula 2 and Formula 3 races, held the same weekend, had a similar outcome.[39]

In June 2022, Melbourne's contract to host the Australian Grand Prix, which was due to expire in 2025, was extended to 2035.[40] The new contract stipulates that the Australian Grand Prix will be one of the first three rounds of the season over the contract period and will host a minimum of five season-opening races over the 13 years between 2023 and 2035.[41] From 2023, Formula 2 and Formula 3 races will form part of the race weekend schedule.[42]

Perubahan kalender

Perpindahan Grand Prix Australia ke kota Melbourne menunjukkan adanya perubahan waktu di mana tim dan personel F1 melakukan perjalanan tahunan mereka ke negara Australia. Kota Adelaide, selama 11 tahun penyelenggaraannya, merupakan balapan yang terakhir di dalam sebuah musim F1, biasanya pada bulan Oktober atau November, sedangkan kota Melbourne telah menjadi balapan pertama musim ini dalam 20 dari 25 kali mereka menjadi tuan rumah Grand Prix.[a] Dengan demikian, sirkuit Albert Park telah menjadi saksi debut banyak pembalap Formula Satu. Juara Dunia musim 1997, yaitu Jacques Villeneuve, melakukan debut balapannya di tahun pertama Melbourne pada tahun 1996, dan menjadi salah satu dari tiga pembalap yang berhasil mengamankan posisi terdepan di Grand Prix perdananya. Nama-nama terkemuka lainnya yang melakukan debut di kota Melbourne adalah juara dunia sebanyak tujuh kali, yaitu Lewis Hamilton (2007), Juara Dunia sebanyak dua kali, yaitu Fernando Alonso, dan juara dunia sebanyak satu kali, yaitu Kimi Räikkönen (keduanya pada tahun 2001); mantan pembalap F1 asal Australia, yaitu Mark Webber, juga melakukan debutnya di sana pada tahun 2002.

Sebagai bagian dari perayaan penyelenggaraan acara balapan yang kesepuluh di Albert Park pada tahun 2005, Webber mengendarai mobil F1 Williams miliknya melintasi Sydney Harbour Bridge dalam sebuah acara promosi, dan jalanan di kota Melbourne menjadi tuan rumah parade mesin F1 dan Supercar, yang merupakan sebuah kategori olahraga bermotor domestik yang paling terkenal di negara Australia. Selama lebih dari tiga puluh tahun, Supercar telah berkompetisi di acara balapan non-kejuaraan Supercars Challenge di Grand Prix Australia. Pada musim 2018, acara balapan ini diperebutkan untuk mendapatkan poin kejuaraan untuk yang pertama kalinya, dan dikenal sebagai Melbourne 400.[43][44]

Acara balapan pada musim 2021 pada awalnya dijadwalkan untuk membuka musim pada bulan Maret, tetapi dipindahkan ke bulan November karena pembatasan COVID-19 yang sedang berlangsung dan gangguan perjalanan, dan kemudian dibatalkan pada tanggal 6 Juli.[45][46] Sirkuit ini juga mengalami beberapa perubahan agar lintasannya menjadi lebih cepat.[47]

Dampak ekonomi

Masalah yang sering diperdebatkan, baik di kalangan pendukung, maupun penentang Grand Prix Australia, berkisar pada dampak ekonomi acara balapan tersebut terhadap negara bagian Victoria; Para pendukung acara balapan tersebut mengklaim bahwa acara balapan tersebut meningkatkan pariwisata, menciptakan lapangan kerja, dan menghasilkan jutaan dolar bagi negara bagian Victoria, sementara para penentangnya membantah manfaat ekonomi dari acara balapan tersebut, dan menyebutkan biaya yang harus ditanggung pembayar pajak untuk menjadi tuan rumah acara balapan tersebut, serta gangguan yang ditimbulkan oleh acara balapan tersebut.[48] Pada tahun 2014, pemerintah Victoria mengklaim dampak ekonomi tahunan dari penyelenggaraan Grand Prix Australia adalah antara $32 juta dan $39 juta, dan acara balapan tersebut menghasilkan manfaat ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya yang signifikan, termasuk penciptaan lapangan kerja, pengembangan industri, investasi masuk dan pariwisata, sementara pihak penentangnya dari acara balapan tersebut mengklaim bahwa acara tersebut menghabiskan biaya lebih dari $50 juta bagi pembayar pajak Victoria untuk menjadi tuan rumah.[49]

Menurut penilaian dampak ekonomi tahun 2022 yang dilakukan oleh EY, Grand Prix Australia 2022 menghasilkan sekitar $92 juta belanja langsung dalam perekonomian Victoria dan meningkatkan Produk Bruto Negara Bagian Victoria sekitar $171 juta, dan Grand Prix juga dikreditkan untuk meningkatkan okupansi hotel dan menstimulasi patronase bisnis perhotelan.[50] Hal ini mencerminkan laporan EY tahun 2011 yang dibuat oleh Tourism Victoria, yang menemukan bahwa paparan internasional dan pengeluaran pariwisata yang berasal dari penyelenggaraan Grand Prix menghasilkan antara $32,04 juta dan $39,34 juta untuk Produk Bruto Negara Bagian Victoria selama periode penyelenggaraan Grand Prix, sekaligus juga menghasilkan antara 351 dan 411 pekerjaan setara penuh waktu.[51][52]

Namun, analisis biaya-manfaat Grand Prix Australia yang dilakukan untuk Auditor Jenderal pada tahun 2005 mengungkapkan kerugian ekonomi bersih bagi Victoria, dengan perkiraan biaya acara balapan tersebut yang melebihi manfaat yang diperoleh pembayar pajak di Victoria sebesar 5 persen.,[53] laporan auditor jenderal pada tahun 2007 menemukan bahwa biaya untuk menyelenggarakan acara balapan tersebut melebihi manfaat sebesar $6,7 juta,[54][55] sementara laporan pada tahun 2012 yang dibuat oleh Economists at Large untuk Save Albert Park memperkirakan bahwa Grand Prix pada tahun 2012 mengakibatkan kerugian ekonomi bersih bagi Victoria antara $48,8 juta dan $66,7 juta, dengan perkiraan kisaran menengah sebesar $60,55 juta.[56] Grand Prix Australia 2007 mengalami kerugian sebesar $34,6 juta,[57] sedangkan menurut Crikey, Grand Prix Australia mengalami kerugian sebesar $59,97 juta pada tahun 2014, $61,7 juta pada tahun 2015, $61 juta pada tahun 2016, dan $57,1 juta pada tahun 2017.[58]

Selama dekade sebelum tahun 2022, Grand Prix Australia secara kolektif membebani pembayar pajak Victoria sebesar $537,5 juta untuk menjadi tuan rumah, dengan Grand Prix Australia 2022 saja menghabiskan biaya bagi pembayar pajak Victoria sebesar $78,1 juta untuk menjadi tuan rumah; acara balapan pada tahun 2022 menghasilkan pendapatan sebesar $75,1 juta, tetapi menghabiskan biaya sebesar $153,2 juta untuk pementasannya.[59]

Kehadiran penonton sejak tahun 1995

Celebrity Challenge, GP 2008.
Jenson Button, pemenang Grand Prix Australia 2009, 2010, dan 2012.

Menyusul perpindahan Grand Prix Australia ke kota Melbourne, kehadiran penonton mencapai puncaknya pada 444.631 pada tahun 2023, tetapi belum pernah mencapai balapan terakhir di kota Adelaide pada tahun 1995.

Pada tahun 2009, krisis keuangan global, tingginya pengangguran dan pemogokan angkutan umum secara mendadak[60] dikutip oleh Perdana Menteri Victoria, yaitu John Brumby, sebagai alasan sedikit penurunan jumlah penonton.[61] Jumlah penonton meningkat pada tahun 2010 menjadi sekitar 305.000 – terbesar sejak perlombaan pada tahun 2005.

Berbeda dengan acara olahraga besar yang lainnya di negara Australia, seperti AFL Grand Final, Melbourne Cup, Australian Open, dan Boxing Day Test, Australian Grand Prix Corporation tidak merilis angka pasti jumlah penonton untuk Grand Prix Australia, dengan alasan masalah keamanan; pihak Australian Grand Prix Corporation percaya bahwa angka kerumunan adalah hal yang sensitif dari sudut pandang keamanan dan keselamatan, dan mengungkapkan bahwa hal tersebut berpotensi mempengaruhi keamanan Victoria dengan membantu sistem operasional dari kemungkinan pelaku ancaman.[62]

Jumlah kehadiran resmi, yang tidak tepat dan sering dianggap terlalu tinggi,[63][64] adalah sebagai berikut:

  • 1995 (Adelaide) – 520,000[65] (210,000 di hari balapan)
  • 1996 (Melbourne) – 401,000 (150,000 di hari balapan)[66]
  • 1997 – 289,000[67]
  • 2004 – 360,885[68] (121,500 di hari balapan)
  • 2005 – 359,000[69] (103,000 on race day)[70]
  • 2006 – 301,800[71]
  • 2007 – 301,000[72] (105,000 di hari balapan)
  • 2008 – 303,000[73] (108,000 di hari balapan)
  • 2009 – 286,900[61]
  • 2010 – 305,000[74] (108,500 di hari balapan)
  • 2011 – 298,000[75] (111,000 di hari balapan)
  • 2012 – 313,700[76] (114,900 di hari balapan)
  • 2013 – 323,000[77] (103,000 di hari balapan)[78]
  • 2014 – 314,900[79] (100,500 di hari balapan)
  • 2015 – 296,600 (101,000 di hari balapan)
  • 2016 – 272,300 (90,200 di hari balapan)
  • 2017 – 296,600[80]
  • 2018 – 295,000[81]
  • 2019 – 324,000 (100,000 di hari balapan)[82]
  • 2022 – 419,114 (128,294 di hari balapan)[35]
  • 2023 – 444,631 (131,124 di hari balapan)[83]

Pemenang

Pemenang berulang (pembalap)

Pembalap dalam cetak tebal berkompetisi di kejuaraan Formula Satu pada musim ini.
Latar belakang merah muda menunjukkan acara balapan yang bukan merupakan bagian dari Kejuaraan Dunia Formula Satu.

Pada edisi musim 2022, Juara Dunia Pembalap sebanyak empat kali, yaitu Alain Prost, tetap menjadi satu-satunya pembalap yang berhasil memenangkan perlombaan ini baik di Kejuaraan Dunia maupun di format domestik. Prost berhasil memenangkan perlombaan Kejuaraan Pembalap Australia 1982, mengendarai Formula Pasifik Ralt RT4, sebelum menang di Adelaide pada musim 1986 dan 1988 di dalam ajang Formula Satu.

Pembalap asal Australia, yaitu Lex Davison, dan pembalap asal Jerman, yaitu Michael Schumacher, adalah pembalap yang paling sukses dalam 86 tahun sejarah ajang tersebut dengan masing-masing meraih empat kemenangan, sementara tim McLaren dan Ferrari telah menjadi konstruktor yang paling sukses dengan masing-masing meraih dua belas kemenangan.

Jumlah kemenangan Pembalap Tahun menang
4 Australia Lex Davison 1954, 1957, 1958, 1961
Jerman Michael Schumacher 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004
3 Australia Bill Thompson 1930, 1932, 1933
Australia Doug Whiteford 1950, 1952, 1953
Australia Jack Brabham 1955, 1963, 1964
Selandia Baru Graham McRae 1972, 1973, 1978
Brasil Roberto Moreno 1981, 1983, 1984
Prancis Alain Prost 1982, 1986, 1988
Britania Raya Jenson Button 2009, 2010, 2012
Jerman Sebastian Vettel 2011, 2017, 2018
2 Australia Les Murphy 1935, 1937
Selandia Baru Bruce McLaren 1962, 1965
Australia Frank Matich 1970, 1971
Australia Max Stewart 1974, 1975
Austria Gerhard Berger 1987, 1992
Brasil Ayrton Senna 1991, 1993
Britania Raya Damon Hill 1995, 1996
Britania Raya David Coulthard 1997, 2003
Finlandia Kimi Räikkönen 2007, 2013
Britania Raya Lewis Hamilton 2008, 2015
Jerman Nico Rosberg 2014, 2016
Sumber:[84][85]

Pemenang berulang (konstruktor)

Tim dalam cetak tebal berkompetisi di kejuaraan Formula Satu pada musim ini.
Latar belakang merah muda menunjukkan acara balapan yang bukan merupakan bagian dari Kejuaraan Dunia Formula Satu.

Jumlah kemenangan Konstruktor Tahun menang
13 Italia Ferrari 1957, 1958, 1969, 1987, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2007, 2017, 2018, 2022
12 Britania Raya McLaren 1970, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1997, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2010, 2012
6 Britania Raya Williams 1980, 1985, 1989, 1994, 1995, 1996
5 Britania Raya Cooper 1955, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1965
4 Prancis Bugatti 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932
Britania Raya MG 1935, 1937, 1939, 1947
Britania Raya Lola 1974, 1975, 1977, 1979
Britania Raya Ralt 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984
Jerman Mercedes 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019
2 Prancis Talbot-Lago 1952, 1953
Italia Maserati 1956, 1959
Britania Raya Brabham 1963, 1964
Britania Raya BRM 1966, 1967
Australia Matich 1971, 1976
Selandia Baru McRae 1973, 1978
Prancis Renault 2005, 2006
Austria Red Bull 2011, 2023
Sumber:[84][85]

Pemenang berulang (produsen mesin)

'Manufaktur dalam cetak tebal berkompetisi di kejuaraan Formula Satu pada musim ini.
Latar belakang merah muda menunjukkan acara balapan yang bukan merupakan bagian dari Kejuaraan Dunia Formula Satu.

Jumlah kemenangan Manufaktur Tahun menang
13 Italia Ferrari 1957, 1958, 1969, 1987, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2007, 2017, 2018, 2022
11 Jerman Mercedes * 1997, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019
10 Amerika Serikat Ford ** 1950, 1951, 1968, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1990, 1993
8 Prancis Renault 1989, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2005, 2006, 2011, 2013
7 Amerika Serikat Chevrolet 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1979
5 Britania Raya Climax 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 1965
4 Prancis Bugatti 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932
Britania Raya MG 1935, 1937, 1939, 1947
Jepang Honda 1985, 1988, 1991, 1992
3 Italia Maserati 1956, 1959, 1960
Australia Repco/Holden 1970, 1971, 1976
2 Prancis Talbot-Lago 1952, 1953
Britania Raya BRM 1966, 1967
Sumber:[84][85]

* Antara tahun 1997 dan 2003 dibangun oleh Ilmor

** Antara tahun 1968 and 1993 didesain dan dibangun oleh Cosworth, didanai oleh Ford

Berdasarkan tahun

Adelaide, yang digunakan di dalam ajang Formula Satu dari musim 1985 hingga 1995.
Melbourne, yang digunakan di dalam ajang Formula Satu pada musim 1953, 1956, 1996–2019, 2022.
Peta seluruh lokasi Grand Prix Australia.

Latar belakang merah muda menunjukkan acara balapan yang bukan merupakan bagian dari Kejuaraan Dunia Formula Satu.

  • * From 1932 to 1948, the winner was determined on a handicap basis.[86]
  • + The 1937 event was staged as the "South Australian Centenary Grand Prix" on 26 December 1936.[87]
  • # The 1928 event was officially known as the "100 Miles Road Race".[88]
Tahun Pembalap Konstruktor Lokasi Laporan
1928 # Australia Arthur Waite Austin Phillip Island Laporan
1929 Australia Arthur Terdich Bugatti Laporan
1930 Australia Bill Thompson Bugatti Laporan
1931 Australia Carl Junker Bugatti Laporan
1932 Australia Bill Thompson * Bugatti Laporan
1933 Australia Bill Thompson * Riley Laporan
1934 Australia Bob Lea-Wright * Singer Laporan
1935 Australia Les Murphy * MG Laporan
1936 Tidak digelar
1937 + Australia Les Murphy * MG Victor Harbor Laporan
1938 Britania Raya Peter Whitehead * ERA Bathurst Laporan
1939 Australia Alan Tomlinson * MG Lobethal Laporan
1940
–
1946 		Tidak digelar karena Perang Dunia II
1947 Australia Bill Murray * MG Bathurst Laporan
1948 Selandia Baru Frank Pratt * BMW Point Cook Laporan
1949 Australia John Crouch Delahaye Leyburn Laporan
1950 Australia Doug Whiteford Ford Nuriootpa Laporan
1951 Australia Warwick Pratley GRS-Ford Narrogin Laporan
1952 Australia Doug Whiteford Talbot-Lago Bathurst Laporan
1953 Australia Doug Whiteford Talbot-Lago Albert Park Laporan
1954 Australia Lex Davison HWM-Jaguar Southport Laporan
1955 Australia Jack Brabham Cooper-Bristol Port Wakefield Laporan
1956 Britania Raya Stirling Moss Maserati Albert Park Laporan
1957 Australia Lex Davison
Australia Bill Patterson 		Ferrari Caversham Laporan
1958 Australia Lex Davison Ferrari Bathurst Laporan
1959 Australia Stan Jones Maserati Longford Laporan
1960 Australia Alec Mildren Cooper-Maserati Lowood Laporan
1961 Australia Lex Davison Cooper-Climax Mallala Laporan
1962 Selandia Baru Bruce McLaren Cooper-Climax Caversham Laporan
1963 Australia Jack Brabham Brabham-Climax Warwick Farm Laporan
1964 Australia Jack Brabham Brabham-Climax Sandown Laporan
1965 Selandia Baru Bruce McLaren Cooper-Climax Longford Laporan
1966 Britania Raya Graham Hill BRM Lakeside Laporan
1967 Britania Raya Jackie Stewart BRM Warwick Farm Laporan
1968 Britania Raya Jim Clark Lotus-Cosworth Sandown Laporan
1969 Selandia Baru Chris Amon Ferrari Lakeside Laporan
1970 Australia Frank Matich McLaren-Repco/Holden Warwick Farm Laporan
1971 Australia Frank Matich Matich-Repco/Holden Laporan
1972 Selandia Baru Graham McRae Leda-Chevrolet Sandown Laporan
1973 Selandia Baru Graham McRae McRae-Chevrolet Laporan
1974 Australia Max Stewart Lola-Chevrolet Oran Park Laporan
1975 Australia Max Stewart Lola-Chevrolet Surfers Paradise Laporan
1976 Australia John Goss Matich-Repco/Holden Sandown Laporan
1977 Australia Warwick Brown Lola-Chevrolet Oran Park Laporan
1978 Selandia Baru Graham McRae McRae-Chevrolet Sandown Laporan
1979 Australia Johnnie Walker Lola-Chevrolet Wanneroo Laporan
1980 Australia Alan Jones Williams-Cosworth Calder Laporan
1981 Brasil Roberto Moreno Ralt-Ford Laporan
1982 Prancis Alain Prost Ralt-Ford Laporan
1983 Brasil Roberto Moreno Ralt-Ford Laporan
1984 Brasil Roberto Moreno Ralt-Ford Laporan
1985 Finlandia Keke Rosberg Williams-Honda Adelaide Laporan
1986 Prancis Alain Prost McLaren-TAG Laporan
1987 Austria Gerhard Berger Ferrari Laporan
1988 Prancis Alain Prost McLaren-Honda Laporan
1989 Belgia Thierry Boutsen Williams-Renault Laporan
1990 Brasil Nelson Piquet Benetton-Ford Laporan
1991 Brasil Ayrton Senna McLaren-Honda Laporan
1992 Austria Gerhard Berger McLaren-Honda Laporan
1993 Brasil Ayrton Senna McLaren-Ford Laporan
1994 Britania Raya Nigel Mansell Williams-Renault Laporan
1995 Britania Raya Damon Hill Williams-Renault Laporan
1996 Britania Raya Damon Hill Williams-Renault Albert Park Laporan
1997 Britania Raya David Coulthard McLaren-Mercedes Laporan
1998 Finlandia Mika Häkkinen McLaren-Mercedes Laporan
1999 Britania Raya Eddie Irvine Ferrari Laporan
2000 Jerman Michael Schumacher Ferrari Laporan
2001 Jerman Michael Schumacher Ferrari Laporan
2002 Jerman Michael Schumacher Ferrari Laporan
2003 Britania Raya David Coulthard McLaren-Mercedes Laporan
2004 Jerman Michael Schumacher Ferrari Laporan
2005 Italia Giancarlo Fisichella Renault Laporan
2006 Spanyol Fernando Alonso Renault Laporan
2007 Finlandia Kimi Räikkönen Ferrari Laporan
2008 Britania Raya Lewis Hamilton McLaren-Mercedes Laporan
2009 Britania Raya Jenson Button Brawn-Mercedes Laporan
2010 Britania Raya Jenson Button McLaren-Mercedes Laporan
2011 Jerman Sebastian Vettel Red Bull-Renault Laporan
2012 Britania Raya Jenson Button McLaren-Mercedes Laporan
2013 Finlandia Kimi Räikkönen Lotus-Renault Laporan
2014 Jerman Nico Rosberg Mercedes Laporan
2015 Britania Raya Lewis Hamilton Mercedes Laporan
2016 Jerman Nico Rosberg Mercedes Laporan
2017 Jerman Sebastian Vettel Ferrari Laporan
2018 Jerman Sebastian Vettel Ferrari Laporan
2019 Finlandia Valtteri Bottas Mercedes Laporan
2020 Dibatalkan karena pandemi COVID-19 Laporan
2021 Tidak digelar karena pandemi COVID-19
2022 Monako Charles Leclerc Ferrari Albert Park Laporan
2023 Belanda Max Verstappen Red Bull-Honda RBPT Laporan
Sumber:[84][85]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Sejak balapan pertama di kota Melbourne pada tahun 1996, balapan yang belum pernah menjadi yang pertama pada musim ini adalah: 2006 (pada saat itu merupakan balapan ketiga tahun ini, yang memungkinkan diadakannya Pesta Olahraga Persemakmuran di kota tersebut), 2010 (pada saat itu adalah balapan kedua), 2022 (pada saat itu adalah balapan ketiga) dan 2023 (pada saat itu adalah balapan ketiga). Mengingat acara balapan tersebut tidak diadakan pada tahun 2020 (yang dijadwalkan menjadi balapan pembuka musim, tetapi kemudian dibatalkan karena pandemi COVID-19) dan tahun 2021 (pada saat pertama kali ditunda hingga akhir musim, dan kemudian dibatalkan, lagi-lagi karena pandemi COVID-19).

Lihat pula

Referensi

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Bacaan lebih lanjut

  • Formula One Down Under: Australian Grand Prix History. Dulwich Hill, NSW: Gelding Street Press. 2023. ISBN 9781922785305. 

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