Teks Bizantin

Codex Vaticanus 354 S (028), sebuah codex uncial dengan jenis Teks Bizantin, digolongkan ke dalam Family K¹

Teks Bizantin atau Teks Mayoritas (bahasa Inggris: Byzantine text-type atau Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, Syrian Text) adalah salah satu jenis teks yang digunakan dalam kritisisme tekstual (textual criticism) untuk menggolongkan karakter tekstual naskah-naskah Alkitab bagian Perjanjian Baru dalam bahasa Yunani Koine. Jenis ini yang paling banyak ditemukan dan ada sampai sekarang meskipun di antaranya tidak ada yang termasuk tertua. Perjanjian Baru dari Gereja Ortodoks Timur (Eastern Orthodox Church atau Greek Orthodox Church), "Constantinople Patriarchate" edisi tahun 1904, berdasarkan jenis teks ini. Meskipun terdapat sejumlah besar variasi, teks ini mendasari teks Yunani Textus Receptus yang digunakan untuk membuat terjemahan Perjanjian Baru ke dalam berbagai bahasa daerah dalam era Reformasi Protestan, termasuk Alkitab Versi Raja James. Terjemahan-terjemahan baru yang ada sekarang umumnya menggunakan edisi "Eclectic" yang lebih mengacu kepada jenis teks Alexandria.

Teks Bizantin juga dipakai dalam sejumlah edisi modern Gereja Ortodoks Timur, dan tradisi penggunaannya di gereja-gereja tersebut berlanjut sampai sekarang. Teks yang digunakan di Gereja Ortodoks Yunani juga didukukng oleh sejumlah naskah bergaya "minuscule" yang berasal dari tahun-tahun kemudian. Umumnya ini dianggap sebagai teks Bizantin standar.

Bentuk teks Bizantin sering ditandai dengan singkatan 𝔐 atau Byz.

Naskah Teks Bizantin

Codex Alexandrinus, naskah Yunani tertua jenis Teks Bizantin dalam Injil, dekat dengan Family Π (Lukas 12:54–13:4)

Naskah Bizantin terkenal

Codex Boreelianus, naskah jenis teks Bizantin, anggota dari Family E

Tanda	Nama	Tarikh (abad)	Isi
A (02)	Codex Alexandrinus	Abad ke-5	Injil
C (04)	Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus	Abad ke-5	Injil
W (032)	Codex Washingtonianus	Abad ke-5	Matius 1-28; Lukas 8:13–24:53
Q (026)	Codex Guelferbytanus B	Abad ke-5	Lukas–Yohanes
061	Uncial 061	Abad ke-5	1 Tim 3:15-16; 4:1-3; 6:2-8
Ee (07)	Codex Basilensis	Abad ke-8	Injil
Fe (09)	Codex Boreelianus	Abad ke-9	Injil
Ge (011)	Codex Seidelianus I	Abad ke-9	Injil
He (013)	Codex Seidelianus II	Abad ke-9	Injil
L (020)	Codex Angelicus	Abad ke-9	Kisah Para Rasul, Surat-surat Umum, Surat-surat Paulus
V (031)	Codex Mosquensis II	Abad ke-9	Injil
Y (034)	Codex Macedoniensis	Abad ke-9	Injil
Θ (038)	Codex Koridethi	Abad ke-9	Injil (kecuali Markus)
S (028)	Codex Vaticanus 354	949	Injil
1241	Minuscule 1241	12th	hanya Kisah Para Rasul
1424	Minuscule 1424	9th/10th	PB (kecuali Markus)

Naskah lain

Papyri

𝔓⁷³

Uncial

Codex Mutinensis, Codex Cyprius, Codex Mosquensis I, Campianus, Petropolitanus Purp., Sinopensis, Guelferbytanus A, Guelferbytanus B, Nitriensis, Nanianus, Monacensis, Tischendorfianus IV, Sangallensis (kecuali Markus), Tischendorfianus III, Petropolitanus, Rossanensis, Beratinus, Dionysiou, Vaticanus 2066, Uncial 047, 049, 052, 053, 054, 056, 061, 063, 064, 065, 069 (?), 093 (Acts), 0103, 0104, 0105, 0116, 0120, 0133, 0134, 0135, 0136, 0142, 0151, 0197, 0211, 0246, 0248, 0253, 0255, 0257, 0265, 0269 (mixed), 0272, 0273 (?).

Minuscule

Lebih dari 80% minuscule merupakan teks Bizantin.

2, 3, 6 (Gospels and Acts), 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28 (kecuali Markus), 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61 (Injil dan Kisah Para Rasul), 63, 65, 66, 68, 69 (kecuali Paulus), 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104 (kecuali Paulus), 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 155, 156, 159, 162, 167, 169, 170, 171, 177, 180 (kecuali Kisah Para Rasul), 181 (hanya Wahyu), 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205 (Epistles), 206 (kecuali Surat-surat Umum), 207, 208, 209 (kecuali Injil dan Wahyu), 210, 212, 214, 215, 217, 218 (except Cath. and Paul), 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 226, 227, 231, 232, 235, 236, 237, 240, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 250, 254 (except Cath.), 256 (kecuali Paulus), 259, 260, 261, 262, 263 (kecuali Paulus), 264, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 275, 276, 277, 278a, 278b, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 297, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 309, 313, 314, 316, 319, 320, 324, 325, 327, 328, 329, 330 (except Paul), 331, 334, 335, 337, 342, 343, 344, 347, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365 (except Paul), 366, 367, 368, 369, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378 (except Cath.), 379, 380, 381, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 398 (except Cath.), 399, 401, 402, 404, 405, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 417, 418, 419, 422, 425, 426, 429 (Paul and Rev.), 431 (except Acts and Cath.), 432, 438, 439, 443, 445, 446, 448, 449, 450, 451 (kecuali Paulus), 452, 454, 457, 458, 459 (except Paul), 461, 465, 466, 469, 470, 471, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 504, 505, 506, 507, 509, 510, 511, 512, 514, 516, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522 (except Acts and Cath.), 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 538, 540, 541, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 553, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 564, 568, 570, 571, 573, 574, 575, 577, 578, 580, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 592, 593, 594, 596, 597, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 607, 610 (in Cath.), 614 (in Cath.), 616, 618, 620, 622, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 632, 633, 634, 637, 638, 639, 640, 642 (except Cath.), 644, 645, 648, 649, 650, 651, 655, 656, 657, 660, 662, 663, 664, 666, 668, 669, 672, 673, 674, 677, 680, 684, 685, 686, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 694, 696, 698, 699, 705, 707, 708, 711, 714, 715, 717, 718, 721, 724, 725, 727, 729, 730, 731, 734, 736, 737, 739, 741, 745, 746, 748, 750, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 768, 769, 770, 773, 774, 775, 777, 778, 779, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 789, 790, 793, 794, 797, 798, 799, 801, 802, 806, 808, 809, 811, 818, 819, 820, 824, 825, 830, 831, 833, 834, 835, 836, 839, 840, 841, 843, 844, 845, 846, 848, 852, 853, 857, 858, 860, 861, 862, 864, 866, 867, 868, 870, 877, 880, 884, 886, 887, 889, 890, 893, 894, 896, 897, 898, 900, 901, 902, 904, 905, 906, 910, 911, 912, 914, 916, 917 (Paul), 918 (Paul), 919, 920, 921, 924, 928, 936, 937, 938, 942, 943, 944, 945 (Acts and Cath.), 950, 951, 952, 953, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 969, 970, 971, 973, 975, 977, 978, 980, 981, 987, 988, 991, 993, 994, 995, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1003, 1004, 1006 (Gospels), 1007, 1008, 1010 (?), 1011, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1028, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1036, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1050, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1065, 1067 (except Cath.), 1068, 1069, 1070, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1080, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1094, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1107, 1110, 1112, 1119, 1121, 1123, 1129, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1161, 1168, 1169, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1176, 1177, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1193, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1217, 1218, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1231, 1241 (only Acts), 1251 (?), 1252, 1254, 1255, 1260, 1264, 1277, 1283, 1285, 1292 (except Cath.), 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1303, 1305, 1309, 1310, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319 (except Paul), 1320, 1323, 1324, 1328, 1330, 1331, 1334, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1343, 1345, 1347, 1350a, 1350b, 1351, 1352a, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359 (except Cath.), 1360, 1362, 1364, 1367, 1370, 1373, 1374, 1377, 1384, 1385, 1392, 1395, 1398 (except Paul), 1400, 1409 (Gospels and Paul), 1417, 1437, 1438, 1444, 1445, 1447, 1448 (except Cath.), 1449, 1452, 1470, 1476, 1482, 1483, 1492, 1503, 1504, 1506 (Gospels), 1508, 1513, 1514, 1516, 1517, 1520, 1521, 1523 (Paul), 1539, 1540, 1542b (only Luke), 1543, 1545, 1547, 1548, 1556, 1566, 1570, 1572, 1573 (except Paul?), 1577, 1583, 1594, 1597, 1604, 1605, 1607, 1613, 1614, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1622, 1628, 1636, 1637, 1649, 1656, 1662, 1668, 1672, 1673, 1683, 1693, 1701, 1704 (except Acts), 1714, 1717, 1720, 1723, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1752, 1754, 1755a, 1755b, 1756, 1757, 1759, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1767, 1768, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1800, 1821, 1826, 1828, 1829, 1835, 1841 (except Rev.), 1846 (only Acts), 1847, 1849, 1851, 1852 (only in Rev.), 1854 (except Rev.), 1855, 1856, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1869, 1870, 1872, 1874 (except Paul), 1876, 1877 (except Paul), 1878, 1879, 1880, 1882, 1883, 1888, 1889, 1891 (except Acts), 1897, 1899, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1911, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936,1937, 1938, 1941, 1946, 1948, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1964, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1992, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2013, 2048, 2096, 2098, 2111, 2119, 2125, 2126, 2127 (except Paul), 2132, 2133, 2135, 2138 (only in Rev.), 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2144, 2160, 2172, 2173, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2181, 2183, 2187, 2189, 2191, 2199, 2218, 2221, 2236, 2261, 2266, 2267, 2273, 2275, 2277, 2281, 2289, 2295, 2300, 2303, 2306, 2307, 2309, 2310, 2311, 2352, 2355, 2356, 2373, 2376, 2378, 2381, 2382, 2386, 2389, 2390, 2406, 2407, 2409, 2414, 2415, 2418, 2420, 2422, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426, 2430, 2431, 2437, 2441, 2442, 2445, 2447, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2454, 2455, 2457, 2458, 2459, 2466, 2468, 2475, 2479, 2483, 2484, 2490, 2491, 2496, 2497, 2499, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2507, 2532, 2534, 2536, 2539, 2540, 2545, 2547, 2549, 2550, 2552, 2554, 2555, 2558, 2559, 2562, 2563, 2567, 2571, 2572, 2573, 2578, 2579, 2581, 2584, 2587, 2593, 2600, 2619, 2624, 2626, 2627, 2629, 2631, 2633, 2634, 2635, 2636, 2637, 2639, 2645, 2646, 2649, 2650, 2651, 2653, 2656, 2657, 2658, 2660, 2661, 2665, 2666, 2671, 2673, 2675, 2679, 2690, 2691, 2696, 2698, 2699, 2700, 2704, 2711, 2712, 2716, 2721, 2722, 2723, 2724, 2725, 2727, 2729, 2746, 2760, 2761, 2765, 2767, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2779, 2780, 2781, 2782, 2783, 2784, 2785, 2787, 2790, 2791, 2794, 2815, 2817, 2829.

Distribusi naskah teks Bizantin bercorak minuscule menurut abad

9th century

461, 1080, 1862, 2142, 2500

9th/10th

399

10th

14, 27, 29, 34, 36e, 63, 82, 92, 100, 135, 144, 151, 221, 237, 262, 278b, 344, 364, 371, 405, 411, 450, 454, 457, 478, 481, 564, 568, 584, 602, 605, 626, 627, 669, 920, 1055, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1203, 1220, 1223, 1225, 1347, 1351, 1357, 1392, 1417, 1452, 1661, 1720, 1756, 1829, 1851, 1880, 1905, 1920, 1927, 1954, 1997, 1998, 2125, 2373, 2414, 2545, 2722, 2790

10th/11th

994, 1073, 1701

11th

7p, 8, 12, 20, 23, 24, 25, 37, 39, 40, 50, 65, 68, 75, 77, 83, 89, 98, 108, 112, 123, 125, 126, 127, 133, 137, 142, 143, 148, 150, 177, 186, 194, 195, 197, 200, 207, 208, 210, 212, 215, 236, 250, 259, 272, 276, 277, 278a, 300, 301, 302, 314, 325, 331, 343, 350, 352, 354, 357, 360, 375, 376, 422, 458, 465, 466, 470, 474, 475, 476, 490, 491, 497, 504, 506, 507, 516, 526, 527, 528, 530, 532, 547, 548, 549, 560, 583, 585, 596, 607, 624, 625, 638, 639, 640, 651, 672, 699, 707, 708, 711, 717, 746, 754, 756, 773, 785, 809, 831, 870, 884, 887, 894, 901, 910, 919, 937, 942, 943, 944, 964, 965, 991, 1014, 1028, 1045, 1054, 1056, 1074, 1110, 1123, 1168, 1174, 1187, 1207, 1209, 1211, 1212, 1214, 1221, 1222, 1244, 1277, 1300, 1312, 1314, 1317, 1320, 1324, 1340, 1343, 1373, 1384, 1438, 1444, 1449, 1470, 1483, 1513, 1514, 1517, 1520, 1521, 1545, 1556, 1570, 1607, 1668, 1672, 1693, 1730, 1734, 1738, 1770, 1828, 1835, 1847, 1849, 1870, 1878, 1879, 1888, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1919, 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1946, 1955, 1980, 1981, 1982, 2001, 2007, 2098, 2132, 2133, 2144, 2172, 2176, 2181, 2183, 2199, 2275, 2277, 2281, 2386, 2295, 2307, 2381, 2386, 2430, 2442, 2447, 2451, 2458, 2468, 2475, 2539, 2547, 2559, 2563, 2567, 2571, 2587, 2637, 2649, 2661, 2723, 2746, 2760, 2782, 2787
2306 (composite of parts from the 11th to the 14th centuries)

11th/12th

665, 657, 660, 1013, 1188, 1191, 1309, 1358, 1340, 1566, 2389, 2415, 2784

12th

2e, 2ap, 3, 9, 11, 15, 21, 32, 44, 46, 49, 57, 73, 76, 78, 80, 84, 95, 97, 105, 110, 111, 116, 119, 120, 122, 129, 132, 134, 138, 139, 140, 146, 156, 159, 162, 183, 187, 193, 196, 199, 202, 203, 217, 224, 226, 231, 240, 244, 245, 247, 261, 264, 267, 268, 269, 270, 275, 280, 281, 282, 297, 304, 306, 319, 320, 329, 334, 337, 347, 351, 353, 355, 356, 366, 374, 387, 392, 395, 396, 401, 407, 408, 419, 438, 439, 443, 452, 471, 485, 499, 502, 505, 509, 510, 514, 518, 520, 524, 529, 531, 535, 538, 550, 551, 556, 570, 571, 580, 587, 618, 620, 622, 637, 650, 662, 673, 674, 688, 692, 721, 736, 748, 750, 760, 765, 768, 770, 774, 777, 778, 779, 782, 787, 793, 799, 808, 843, 857, 860, 862, 877, 893, 896, 902, 911, 916, 922, 924, 936, 950, 967, 971, 973, 975, 980, 987, 993, 998, 1007, 1046, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1112, 1169, 1176, 1186, 1190, 1193, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1217, 1218, 1224, 1231, 1240, 1301, 1315, 1316, 1318, 1323, 1350a, 1355, 1360, 1364, 1375, 1385, 1437, 1539, 1583, 1673, 1683, 1714, 1737, 1752, 1754, 1755a, 1755b, 1800, 1821, 1826, 1872, 1889, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1926, 1951, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1986, 1988, 2013, 2096, 2126, 2135, 2139, 2173, 2177, 2189, 2191, 2289, 2282, 2426, 2437, 2445, 2459, 2490, 2491, 2507, 2536, 2549, 2550, 2552, 2562, 2639, 2650, 2657, 2671, 2700, 2712, 2725, 2727, 2781, 2785, 2791, 2794
632 and 1227 (composites of parts from the 12th to the 14th centuries)

12th/13th

905, 906, 1310, 1341, 1897, 2311

13th

52, 55 60, 74, 107, 121, 128, 136, 141, 147, 167, 170, 192, 198, 204, 219, 220, 227, 248, 260, 284, 291, 292, 293, 303, 305, 309, 327, 328, 342, 359, 361, 362, 384, 388, 390, 410, 449, 469, 473, 477, 479, 482, 483, 484, 496, 500, 501, 511, 519, 533, 534, 546, 553, 554, 558, 573, 574, 592, 593, 597, 601, 663, 666, 677, 684, 685, 689, 691, 696, 705, 714, 715, 725, 729, 737, 757, 759, 775, 811, 820, 825, 830, 835, 840, 897, 898, 900, 912, 914, 966, 969, 970, 981, 995, 997, 999, 1000, 1004, 1008, 1011, 1015, 1016, 1031, 1050, 1052, 1053, 1057, 1069, 1070, 1072, 1087, 1089, 1094, 1103, 1107, 1129, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1161, 1177, 1201, 1205, 1206, 1208, 1213, 1215, 1226, 1238, 1255, 1285, 1339, 1352a, 1400, 1594, 1597, 1604, 1622, 1717, 1717, 1728, 1731, 1736, 1740, 1742, 1772, 1855, 1858, 1922, 1938, 1941, 1956, 1972, 1992, 2111, 2119, 2140, 2141, 2236, 2353, 2376, 2380, 2390, 2409, 2420, 2423, 2425, 2457, 2479, 2483, 2502, 2534, 2540, 2558, 2568, 2584, 2600, 2624, 2627, 2631, 2633, 2645, 2646, 2658, 2660, 2665, 2670, 2696, 2699, 2724, 2761

13th/14th

266, 656, 668, 1334, 2499, 2578

14th

18, 45, 53, 54, 66, 109, 155, 171, 182, 185, 190, 201, 214, 223, 232, 235, 243, 246, 290, 308, 316, 324, 358, 367, 369, 381, 386, 393, 394, 402, 404, 409, 412, 413, 414, 415, 417, 425, 426, 480, 492, 494, 498, 512, 521, 523, 540, 577, 578, 586, 588, 594, 600, 603, 604, 628, 633, 634, 644, 645, 648, 649, 680, 686, 690, 698, 718, 727, 730, 731, 734, 741, 758, 761, 762, 763, 764, 769, 781, 783, 784, 786, 789, 790, 794, 797, 798, 802, 806, 818, 819, 824, 833, 834, 836, 839, 845, 846, 848, 858, 864, 866a, 867, 889, 890, 904, 921, 928, 938, 951, 952, 953, 959, 960, 977, 978, 1020, 1023, 1032, 1033, 1036, 1061, 1062, 1075, 1099, 1100, 1119, 1121, 1185, 1189, 1196, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1248, 1249, 1252, 1254, 1283, 1328, 1330, 1331, 1345, 1350b, 1356, 1377, 1395, 1445, 1447, 1476, 1492, 1503, 1504, 1516, 1543, 1547, 1548, 1572, 1577, 1605, 1613, 1614, 1619, 1637, 1723, 1725, 1726, 1732, 1733, 1741, 1746, 1747, 1761, 1762, 1771, 1856, 1859, 1899, 1902, 1918, 1928, 1929, 1952, 1975, 2085, 2160, 2261, 2266, 2273, 2303, 2309, 2310, 2355, 2356, 2406, 2407, 2431, 2441, 2454, 2466, 2484, 2503, 2593, 2626, 2629, 2634, 2651, 2653, 2666, 2668, 2679, 2698, 2716, 2765, 2767, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2780, 2783

15th

30, 47, 58, 70, 149, 285, 286, 287, 288, 313, 368, 373, 379, 380, 385, 418, 432, 446, 448, 493, 525, 541, 575, 616, 664, 694, 739, 801, 841, 844, 853, 880, 955, 958, 961, 962, 1003, 1017, 1018, 1024, 1026, 1059, 1060, 1105, 1202, 1232, 1233, 1247, 1250, 1260, 1264, 1482, 1508, 1617, 1626, 1628, 1636, 1649, 1656, 1745, 1750, 1757, 1763, 1767, 1876, 1882, 1948, 1957, 1958, 1964, 1978, 2003, 2175, 2178, 2221, 2352, 2418, 2452, 2455, 2554, 2673, 2675, 2691, 2704, 2729

15th/16th

99, 1367

16th

90, 335, 445, 724, 745, 755, 867, 957, 1019, 1030, 1065, 1068, 1088, 1239, 1362, 1370, 1374, 1618, 1749, 1768, 1861, 1883, 1911, 1930, 1931, 1936, 1937, 1979, 2009, 2218, 2378, 2422, 2496, 2501, 2532, 2555, 2572, 2573, 2579, 2635, 2636, 2690, 2711, 2721, 2779

16th/17th

1371

17th and later

289, 868, 956, 963, 988, 1044, 1063, 1101, 1104, 1303, 1748, 1869, 2267, 2450, 2497, 2581, 2619, 2656.

Karakteristik teks Bizantin

Yohanes 6:49

εν τη ερημω το μαννα – codices B, C, D, T, W, Θ

το μαννα εν τη ερημω – codices ﬡ, A, L, Ψ, f¹, f¹³, mss. of the Byzantine text-type

Markus 1:9

εις τον Ιορδανην υπο Ιωανου – codices ﬡ, B, D

υπο Ιωανου εις τον Ιορδανην – codices A, W, and manuscripts of the Byzantine text-type

Juga, teks Bizantin tidak memuat ayat-ayat yang ada dalam Textus Receptus: Lukas 17:36; Kisah Para Rasul 8:37; 15:34.

Hubungan dengan jenis teks lain

Injil Matius 2:18

• κλαυθμος — Codex Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, 0250, f¹, it^{(q),aur,b,c,f,ff1,g1, k, l, 1}, vg, syr^{p, pal}, cop^sa,bo, eth
• θρηνος και κλαυθμος — C, D, K, L, W, Δ, Π, f¹³, 28, 33, 565, 700, 892, 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1241, 1253, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz

Matius 5:25

• ὁ κριτής — Αlexandrian mss f¹ f¹³
• δώσει — D
• ὁ κριτής σε παραδῷ — K L W Δ Θ Π 28 33 565 700 Byzantine mss

Matius 10:4

• Θαδδαιος — Alexandrian mss f¹³ Lectionary 185 vg
• Λεββαιος — D, d, (k)
• Λεββαιος ο επικληθεις Θαδδαιος — Byzantine
• Θαδδαιος ο επικληθεις Λεββαιος — 13 346 543 826 828

Matius 14:12

• σωμα — W 0106 0136 Byz lat syr^h cop^sa
• πτωμα — א B C D L Θ f¹ f¹³ 33 565 700 892 1010 1241 1424 e k syr^{s, c, p} cop^bo

Matius 15:6

• η την μητερα αυτου — C L W Θ 0106 f¹ Byz it vg^cl syr^{p, h}
• και την μητερα αυτου — Φ 565 1241 cop^bo
• η την μητερα — 084 f¹³ 33 70 892
• omitted — א B D pc a e syr^c cop^sa geo¹

Matius 15:6

• τον λογον (see Mark 7:13) — Alexandrian mss, Θ, 700, 1230
• τον νομον — א^*, C, 084, f¹³, 1010
• την εντολην — K, L, W, X, Δ, Π, 0106, f¹, 33, 565, 1009, Byz

Matius 15:8

• εγγιζει μοι ο λαος ουτος τω στοματι αυτων και (These people draw near to Me with their mouth and) — C W 0106 (f¹) Byz
• ο λαος ουτος (These people) — א B D L Θ 084 f¹³ 33 700 892 1424

Gospel of Mark 1:13

• και ην εν τη ερημω — א, A, B, D, L, Θ, 33, 579, 892, 1342, 2427
• και ην εκει εν τη ερημω — W, Δ, 157, 1241, Byz, TR
• και ην εκει — 28, 517, 565, 700, f¹, Family Π, syr^s
• Omit — f¹³
• Hiatus — C, Ψ, syr^c

Gospel of Mark 4:24

• και προστεθησεται υμιν — Alexandrian mss
• και προστεθησεται υμιν τοις ακουουσιν — mss of the Byzantine text-type
• omit — D, W, 565

Gospel of Mark 6:33

• εκει και προηλθον αυτους — Codex Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, 0187 (omit εκει), 892, ℓ 49, ℓ 69, ℓ 70, ℓ 299, ℓ 303, ℓ 333, ℓ 1579, (ℓ 950 αυτους), it^aur, vg, (cop^sa,bo)
• εκει και προσηλθον αυτοις — Codex Regius, 1241, (Δ, Θ, ℓ 10 αυτοις), ℓ 12, ℓ 80, ℓ 184, ℓ 211, ℓ 1127, arm, geo
• εκει και συνηλθον αυτου — Codex Bezae (gr), 28, 700
• εκει και ηλθον αυτου — 565, it^(a),d,ff,i,r, Diatessaron
• και ηλθον εκει — f¹
• προηλθον αυτον εκει — Peshitta
• προς αυτους και συνηλθον προς αυτον — 33
• εκει και προηλθον αυτοις και συνηλθον προς αυτον — K, Π, (f¹³ συνεισηλθον προς αυτους), 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1242, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz
• εκει και προηλθον αυτοις και συνεδραμον προς αυτον — A
• εκει — codex W, ℓ 150, it^c

Mark 6:51

• εξισταντο — Alexandrian mss, 28, vg, syr^s, cop^{sa, bo} geo
• εξεπλησσοντο — f¹
• εξισταντο και αθαυμαζον — A D K W X Θ Π f¹³ 33 565 700 Byzantine mss
• αθαυμαζον και εξισταντο — 517 1424 Peshitta

Mark 7:8

• βαπτισμους ξεστων και ποτηριων και αλλα παρομοια τοιαυτα πολλα ποιειτε (the washing of pitchers and cups, and many other such things you do) – (Α) f¹³ Byz vg (syr^p) syr^h

Mark 9:49

• πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται – Alexandrian and Caesarean mss
• πασα γαρ θυσια αλι αλισθησεται – Western mss
• πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται και πασα θυσια αλι αλισθησεται – Byzantine mss

Luke 2:38

• καὶ αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ (and that hour) — Alexandrian
• καὶ αὕτη αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ (and she in that hour) — Caesarean and Byzantine

Luke 7:10

• δουλον — p⁴⁵ א B L W f¹ 700 892 1241 it syr^{s, pal} cop^{sa, bo} ath? geo
• ασθενουντα — D d
• ασθενουντα δουλον — A C K X Δ Θ Π f¹³ 28 33 565 892 1009 1010 1071 1079 1195 1216 1230 1242 1253 1344 1365 1546 1646 2148 2174 Byz Lect it^f vg syr^{p, h} goth arm eth? Diatessaron

Luke 12:14

• κριτην η μεριστην — Alexandrian mss, f¹, f¹³, 700, 1241
• δικαστην η μεριστην — A, K, W, X, Δ, Θ, Π, Ψ, 565, 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1242, 1253, 1344, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz
• μεριστην η δικαστην — 472, ℓ 1642, eth
• κριτην η δικαστην — 69
• αρχοντα και δικαστην — 157
• κριτην — D, it^{(a), c, d}
• δικαστην — 28
• μεριστην — cop^samss

Last verse in Gospel of Luke (24:53)

• ευλογουντες τον θεον ("blessing God") — Alexandrian
• αινουντες τον θεον ("praising God") — Western
• αινουντες και ευλογουντες τον θεον ("praising and blessing God") — Byzantine

John 1:18

• ο μονογενης υιος — A, C³, K, X, Δ, Θ, Π, 063, 0234, f¹, f¹³, 28, 565, 700, 892, 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1241, 1242, 1253, 1344, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, Byz
• ο μονογενης θεος — p⁷⁵, א^c, 33, cop^bo
• μονογενης θεος — Alexandrian mss

Acts 20:28

• του Θεου (of the God) — א B 614 1175 2495 al vg sy bo^ms
• του κυριου (of the Lord) — Papyrus 74 A C* D E Ψ 33 36 453 945 1739 1891
• του κυριου και του Θεου (of the Lord and God) — C³ Byz

Acts 27:41

υπο της βιας των κυματων — ${\mathfrak {P}}$⁷⁴, C, P, 049, 056, 0142, (א^c, 104 απο), 33, 81, 88, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, (629 των ανεμων), 630, 945, 1241, 1505, 1739, 1877, 2127, 2412, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, syr^{p, h}, cop, eth^pp

υπο της βιας — א, A, B, arm, geo

υπο των κυματων — Ψ (ℓ 1441 των κυματων with obeli and omitted υπο)

In Romans 8:1

Ιησου – א, B, D, G, 1739, 1881, it^{d, g}, cop^{sa, bo}, eth

Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν – A, D^b, Ψ, 81, 629, 2127, vg

Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα – א^c, D^c, K, P, 33, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, (436 omit μη), 456, 614, 630, 1241, 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect

1 Corinthians 2:1

μυστηριον – ${\mathfrak {P}}$⁴⁶, א, Α, C, 88, 436, it^a,r, syr^p, cop^bo

μαρτυριον – B D G P Ψ 33 81 104 181 326 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syr^h cop^sa arm eth

ευαγγελιον – Theodoret

σωτηριον – 489, ℓ 598^pt, ℓ 599

1 Corinthians 7:5

τη προσευχη (prayer) along with ${\mathfrak {P}}$¹¹, ${\mathfrak {P}}$⁴⁶, א*, A, B, C, D, G, P, Ψ, 33, 81, 104, 181, 629, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth

τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (fasting and prayer) – א^c, K, L, 88, 326, 436, 614, 1241, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, syr^p,h, goth; there is also reading τη προσευχη και νηστεια (prayer and fasting) – 330, 451, John of Damascus.

1 Corinthians 11:24

υμων — ${\mathfrak {P}}$⁴⁶, א*, A, B, C*, 33, 1739, arm

υμων κλωμενον — א^c, C³, D^b,c, G, K, Ψ, 81, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, 1739^mg, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect

υμων θρυπτομενον — D^gr

υμων διδομενον — c, dem, f, t, x, z^c, vg (tradetur), cop, eth

In Mark 6:33 and Luke 24:53 the Byzantine text-type looks like a combination of the Alexandrian and the Western text. In other cases situation is more complicated. Mark 1:13 looks like a combination of the Alexandrian and the Caesarean text.

Origin of the Byzantine text

Among those who believe that the Byzantine text is only a secondary witness to the autograph, there is some debate concerning the origin of the Byzantine text and the reason for its widespread use. The suggestions that have been put forward are:

• That Lucian of Antioch used his text critical skills to produce a recension. (Jerome makes reference to Lucian's recension of the old testament only).
• That Constantine I paid for the wide distribution of manuscripts which came from a common source. (There are several references by Eusebius of Caesarea to Constantine paying for manuscript production).
• That after the Western Roman Empire stopped using Greek, and because of Barbarian and Muslim invasions, eliminating the possibility for either Jerusalem or Caesarea to exercise any further influence on the text of the Greek New Testament. The only church to actively preserve the Greek text was the Byzantine church, which exercised central control from the Apostolic See of Antioch and withstood the Muslims until the 15th century, see also State church of the Roman Empire.

The standard Byzantine text used by Greek Orthodox Church is supported by late minuscule manuscripts and the oldest manuscripts were written in the 9th century. The early Byzantine text is different from the late Byzantine text in 3000 places and it is near to the Alexandrian text. Early Byzantine families as family E and Π, Kurt Aland did not classified as the Byzantine manuscripts, and some of them he placed to the Category III of the Greek New Testament manuscripts. All manuscripts with standard Byzantine text Aland placed to Category V.

Textus Receptus

The first printed edition of the Greek New Testament was completed by Erasmus and published by Johann Froben of Basel on March 1, 1516 (Novum Instrumentum omne). Due to the pressure of his publisher to bring their edition to market before the competing Complutensian Polyglot, Erasmus based his work on around a half-dozen manuscripts, all of which dated from the twelfth century or later; and only one of which was not of the Byzantine text-type. Six verses that were not witnessed in any of these sources, he back-translated from the Latin Vulgate, and he also introduced many readings from the Vulgate and Church Fathers. This text came to be known as the Textus Receptus or received text after being thus termed by Bonaventura Elzevir, an enterprising publisher from the Netherlands, in his 1633 edition of Erasmus' text. The New Testament of the King James Version of the Bible was translated from editions of what was to become the Textus Receptus. If the "Majority Text" of Hodges and Farstad is taken to be the standard for the Byzantine text-type, then The Textus Receptus differs from this in 1,838 Greek readings, of which 1,005 represent "translatable" differences.

Teks Kritikal Modern

Karl Lachmann (1850) was the first New Testament textual critic to produce an edition that broke with the Textus Receptus, relying mainly instead on manuscripts from the Alexandrian text-type. Although the majority of New Testament textual critics now favor a text that is Alexandrian in complexion, especially after the publication of Westcott and Hort's edition, there remain some proponents of the Byzantine text-type as the type of text most similar to the autographs. These critics include the editors of the Hodges and Farstad text (cited below), and the Robinson and Pierpoint text. Depending on which modern critical text is taken as an exemplar of the Alexandrian text-type, then this will differ from the Hodges and Farstad text in around 6,500 readings (Wallace 1989).

To give a feel for the difference between the Byzantine form of text and the Eclectic text, which is mainly Alexandrian in character, of 800 variation units in the Epistle of James collected by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research, the Byzantine and Eclectic texts are in agreement in 731 of the places (a rate of 92.3%). Many of the 69 disagreements involve differences in word order and other variants that do not appear as translatable differences in English versions. According to the preface to the New King James Version of the Bible, the Textus Receptus, the Alexandrian text-type and the Byzantine text-type are 85% identical (that is, of the variations that occur in any manuscript, only 15% actually differ between these three).

The Byzantine type is also found in modern Greek Orthodox editions. A new scholarly edition of the Byzantine Text of John's gospel, (funded by the United Bible Societies in response to a request from Eastern Orthodox Scholars), was begun in Birmingham, UK. and in 2007, as a result of these efforts, The Gospel According to John in the Byzantine Tradition was issued.

Von Soden divided manuscripts of the Byzantine text into five groups:

• K^x — no uncials, hundreds of minuscules, among them codex 2, 3, 8, 14, 45, 47, 49, 51, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 73, 75, 76, 78, etc.
• K^r — no uncials, no early minuscules, hundreds of minuscules: 18, 35, 55, 66, 83, 128, 141, 147, 155, 167, 170, 189, 201
• K¹ (subfamily of K^x) — S V Ω 461
• Kⁱ (Family E) — E F G H
• I^k (also K^a), now Family Π — (A) K Y Π; this subgroup is the oldest, but only 5% of manuscripts belong to it. Majority of them have text mixed with other Byzantine subfamilies.

Since the discovery of the Papyrus 45, Papyrus 46, and Papyrus 66, proof is available that occasionally the Byzantine text preserves a reading that dates from early witness. Examples:

Luke 10:39

Ιησου — p⁴⁵ p⁷⁵ A W Byz b

κυριου — א B D L Ξ 579 892 cop^bo syr^c

Luke 10:42

ενος δε εστιν χρεια — p⁴⁵ p⁷⁵ A C W Byz

ολιγων δε χρεια εστιν η ενος — B

ολιγων δε εστιν η ενος — א

ολιγων δε εστιν χρεια — 38 syr^pal

Luke 11:33

φῶς — א B F Θ f¹ f¹³

φέγγος — p⁴⁵ 33 Byz

John 10:29

ὃ ... μεῖζον — B it

ὃς ... μείζων — p⁶⁶ f¹ f¹³ Byz

John 11:32

πρός — א B C* D L X

εἰς — p⁶⁶ Θ Byz

John 13:26

βάψας — א B C L X 33

καὶ ἐμβάψας — p^66c A Θ

Acts 17:13

ταράσσοντες —

omitted — p⁴⁵ E Byz

1 Corinthians 9:7

τὸν καρπόν — א* A B D* G P

ἐκ τοῦ καρποῦ — p⁴⁶ Byz

Ephesians 5:9

φωτός — א* A B D* G P

πνεύματος — p⁴⁶ Byz

Philippians 1:14

του θεου – א A B (D*) P Ψ 33 81 104 326 365 629 1175 1241 2464

omitted – p⁴⁶ D² Byz

Other examples of Byzantine readings were found in p⁶⁶ in John 1:32; 3:24; 4:14.51; 5:8; 6:10.57; 7:3.39; 8:41.51.55; 9:23; 10:38; 12:36; 14:17. This supports the views of scholars such as Harry Sturz and Maurice Robinson that the roots of the Byzantine text may go back to a very early date; although Bruce Metzger points out that this cannot be taken to demonstrate that these readings were in the original text. Some authors have interpreted this as a rehabilitation of Textus Receptus. Many of these readings have substantial support from other text-types and they are not distinctively Byzantine. Daniel Wallace found only two distinctively papyrus-Byzantine agreements. The strongest Sturzs point is omission in Philippians 1:14, the reading adopted in NA26/UBS.

Lihat pula

Keluarga (Families) jenis teks Bizantin

• Family Π
• Family E
• Family K¹
• Family K^r
• Family K^x

Families associated with the Byzantine text

• Family 1424
• Family 1739

Jenis teks lain

• Categories of New Testament manuscripts
• Alexandrian text-type
• Caesarean text-type
• Western text-type
• Textus Receptus

Teks Kritikal

• Novum Testamentum Graece
• Textual Criticism
• Conflation of Readings

Pustaka tambahan

• The Greek New Testament for Beginning Readers - Byzantine Textform, The Greek Text & Verb Parsing as Compiled by Maurice A. Robinson & William G. Pierpont, Lexical Information & Layout by John Jeffrey Dodson, VTR Publications, 2010. ISBN 978-3-941750-24-1.
• Harry A. Sturz, The Byzantine Text-Type & New Testament Textual Criticism (1984).
• The Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text, Second Edition, Edited by Zane C. Hodges and Arthur L. Farstad, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville, 1985. ISBN 0-8407-4963-5.
• The New Testament in the Original Greek - Byzantine Textform 2005, Edited by Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont, Chilton Book Publishing. ISBN 0-7598-0077-4.
• The King James Only Controversy 2009, James R White, Bethany House. ISBN 0-7642-0605-2.
• "Some Second Thoughts on the Majority Text", Daniel B. Wallace, Bibliotheca Sacra, vol. 146, 1989. 270-290.
• The Identity of the New Testament Text II, Wilbur N. Pickering, http://www.revisedstandard.net/text/WNP/
• What about the Majority Text?, Michael D. Marlowe www.bible-researcher.com
• Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, The Text Of The New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration, 1968 etc., Oxford University Press.
• B. M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary On The Greek New Testament: A Companion Volume To The United Bible Societies' Greek New Testament, 1994, United Bible Societies, London & New York, pp. 7*-9*, 15*-16*.
• M. A. Robinson, "The Case for Byzantine Priority", in: "Rethinking New Testament Textual Criticism", ed. D. A. Black, Baker Academic, Grand Rapids: 2002, pp. 125–139
• Klaus Wachtel, Der Byzantinische Text Der Katholischen Briefe (Universität Münster, 1994).

External links

• Online version of The New Testament in the Original Greek – Byzantine Textform 2005, Edited by Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont
• Comparison of the Byzantine/Majority Text with other manuscript editions on the Manuscript Comparator
• The Byzantine Priority Hypothesis At the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism
• The Gospel According to John in the Byzantine Tradition
• Paulo José Benício, O Texto Bizantino na Tradição Manuscrita do Novo Testamento Grego PDF (Portugis)
• Center for Study and Preservation of the Majority Text