Hadhrami

Hadhrami
الحضارم
	Imigran Hadhrami di Surabaya, 1920
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan
Bahasa
	Terutama: Bahasa Arab Hadhrami; Juga: Urdu dan Tamil (di Asia Selatan), Melayu dan Indonesia (di Asia Tenggara), dan Swahili (di Afrika Timur)
Agama
	Islam (Sunni, Syafi'i, Sufi), Kristen dan Yudaisme
Kelompok etnik terkait
	Orang Arab, Arab-Indonesia

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Orang Hadhrami (bahasa Arab: حضرمي, tunggal) atau Hadharem (bahasa Arab: الحضارم, jamak.) adalah sekelompok penduduk nomaden yang berasal dari wilayah Hadhramaut, Yaman dan keturunan mereka membuat suatu komunitas diaspora di seluruh dunia. Mereka menggunakan Bahasa Arab Hadhrami, yangtermasuk kedalam bahasa Semitik cebang dari keluarga bahasa Afro-Asiatik.

Diaspora

Orang Hadhrami menyebar melalui Samudra Hindia dari tanduk Afrika ke pantai Swahil, hingga Pantai Malabar dan Hyderabad di India Selatan, Sri Lanka ke Asia Tenggara.^[1] Komunitas Hadhrami juga dapat ditemui di pesisir Arab Saudi, tepatnya di kota Jeddah.^[2]^[3]^[4] ^[5] Beberapa komuntas Hadhrami juga dilaporkan muncul di Mozambik dan Madagaskar.^[6]

Hadhrami Yahudi

Dahulu wilayah Hadhramaut merupakan wilayah kekuasaan Yahudi. Orang-orang Yahudi Hadhrami sekarang pindah dan menetap di Israel.^[7]

Bahasa

Masyarakat Hadhrami mempertuturkan bahasa Arab Hadhrami, sebuah bahasa dari cabang Afro-Asiatik dan bahasa Semitik, walaupun orang-orang yang telah pindah dan membentuk komunitas diaspora mempertuturkan bahasa lokal dimana tempat mereka tinggal.

Komunitas diaspora

Moor Sri Lanka^[8]
Arab Indonesia
Arab Malaysia
Arab Singapura
Chaush, di India
Sodagar (Syekh dari Gujarat)
Labbay
Yahudi Hadrami di Israel dan sekitarnya
Orang Lemba
Nawayath dan Barkas, Hyderabad di India
Arab India
- Gujarat, Bhavnagar, Jamnagar, Surat, Ahmedabad, Baroda. Semuanya merupakan tempat dimana komunitas Hadhrami berada.

Tokoh Hadrami

India

Gujarat Bin Husaini, Harthi, Al Hamad, Al Amudi, Al Maheali, Al jufri, Al Attas, Al Adroos, Banafa, Bahadad, ofthani, Magrebi, Rehan, Bajuba, Al kasiri, Al Kathiri., Ba Musa, Yafai. Nehdi, Laheji, Bahajaj, Yamni, Bagaut, Makki, Binishag, Binnaubi, Jafai, Tamimi, Al Rumi, BaSalam, Bahalwan, Harsi

Indonesia

Abdurrahman Baswedan, jurnalis
Abu Bakar Bashir, pendiri Jamaah Islamiyah
Ali Alatas, mantan Menteri Luar Negeri
Alwi Shihab, mantan Menteri Luar Negeri
Anies Baswedan, mantan Gubernur DKI Jakarta, mantan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
Fadel Muhammad Al-Haddar, Mantan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan
Fuad Hassan, Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
Hamid Algadri, Pahlawan Revolusi Indonesia
Habib Abdoe'r Rahman Alzahier, pemimpin agama
Habib Abdullah bin Muhsin al-Attas, Habib Kramat Empang Bogor
Habib Ahmad Bin Alwi Al Haddad, Habib Kuncung, Kalibata Jaksel
Habib Ali bin Abdurrahman al-Habsyi, Tokoh nasional & tokoh agama
Habib Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya, anggota Dewan Pertimbangan Presiden, Habib Pekalongan
Habib Muhammad Rizieq bin Hussein Shihab, Pendiri FPI
Habib Mundzir bin Fuad al-Musawa, Pendiri Majelis Rasulullah SAW
Habib Hasan bin Ja'far Assegaf, Pendiri Majelis Nurul Musthofa
Habib Usman bin Yahya, Mufti Batavia
Habib Al-Quthb Sholeh bin Muhsin al-Hamid, Habib Sholeh Tanggul
Jafar Umar Thalib, pendiri Lasykar Jihad
Munir Said Thalib Al-Kathiri, aktivis HAM
Nuruddin ar-Raniri, Cendekiawan Muslim
Nadiem Makarim, Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
Nono Anwar Makarim, Praktisi Hukum
Zacky Anwar Makarim, mantan Kabais ABRI
Quraish Shihab, Cendekiawan Muslim
Raden Saleh, seniman/pelukis
Said Naum, filantropis
Sultan Hamid II, Sultan Pontianak, Diplomat, Mayor Jenderal KNIL
Sayyid Abdullah Al-Aidarus, pemimpin agama
Habib Abubakar bin Muhammad bin Umar bin Abubakar bin Umar bin Seggaf bin Muhammad bin Umar bin Thoha bin Umar bin Thoha bin Umar Asshofi Assegaf, Tokoh Agama, Gresik
Habib Muhammad Anis bin Alwi bin Ali bin Muhammad bin Husein bin Abdullah bin Syaich bin Abdullah Al Habsyi, Masjid Riyadh Solo
Habib Ali bin Ja'far bin Syaikh bin seggaf bin Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Alwi Assegaf, Annasabah Alawiyyin

Timor Leste

Mari Alkatiri, mantan Perdana Menteri

Malaysia

Habib Alwi bin Thahir al-Haddad, Mufti Johor Bahru
Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, filsafat
Syed Hussein Alatas, politikus dan sosiologis
Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, penulis
Syed Hamid Albar, politikus
Syed Jaafar Albar, politikus
Syed Sheh Hassan Barakbah, hakim
Syarif Masahor, pejuang
Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary pebisnis
Syed Nasir Ismail, politikus
Tun Habib Abdul Majid
Zeti Akhtar Aziz, Gubernur Bank Sentral
Keluarga Jamalullail (Perak)
Keluarga Jamalullail (Perlis)

Singapura

Syed Mohamed Alsagoff, saudagar
Syed Mohamed Syed Ahmad Alsagoff, pemimpin militer
Syed Sharif Omar bin Ali Al Junied, saudagar. Namanya digunakan dalam nama jalan, yaitu Aljunied Road^[9]

Asia Selatan

General El Edroos
Salam Masdoosi, Hyderabad, India
Sulaiman Areeb, Hyderabad, India, penyair
Awaz Sayeed, Hyderabad, India, penyair dan Penulis Urdu
Ahmed Abdullah Masdoosi, Pakistan
Nuruddin ar-Raniri, Cendekiawan Muslim
Shah Jalal, Bangladesh, Wali dari Sufi
Shah Paran, Bangladesh, Wali dari Sufi
Subhani ba Yunus, Pakistan, aktor

Arab Saudi

bin Laden family
Mohammed Al Amoudi, pebisnis

Yaman

Abd Al-Rahman Ali Al-Jifri, politikus
Abdulaziz Al-Saqqaf, aktivis HAM
Faisal Bin Shamlan, politikus
Habib Ali al-Jifri, Cendekiawan Muslim
Habib Umar bin Hafiz, Cendekiawan Muslim
Habib Abdullah bin Alwi al-Haddad, Sufi Wali
Imam Muhammad al-Faqih Muqaddam, pendiri Ba'alawi Sufi
Sayyid Abu Bakr Al-Aidarus (Wali)

Lihat pula

Diaspora Arab

Catatan

^ Ho, Engseng. 2006. Graves of Tarim. University of California Press. Berkeley. passim
^ Jean-François Seznec The Financial Markets of the Arabian Gulf, Routledge, 1987
^ Cassanelli, Lee V. (1973). "The Benaadir past: essays in southern Somali history". University of Wisconsin: 24.
^ Gavin, R. J. (1975). Aden under British rule, 1839–1967. London: Hurst. hlm. 198. ISBN 0-903983-14-1.
^ Helen Chapin Metz, Somalia: a country study, (The Division: 1993), p.10.
^ Francoise Le Guennec, Changing Patterns of Hadhrami Migration and Social Integration in East Africa in Hadhrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s, Edited by Ulrike Freitag and William G. Clarence-Smith, BRILL, 1997, pg 165
^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-12-16. Diakses tanggal 2016-11-01.
^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-05-03. Diakses tanggal 2016-11-01.
^ "Arab trader's role in Singapore landmark". The Straits Times. 24 September 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-07. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2016.

Referensi

Official Website of the Al-Quaiti Royal Family of Hadhramaut Diarsipkan 2020-05-04 di Wayback Machine.

Bacaan lanjutan

Leif Manger, The Hadrami Diaspora: Community-building on the Indian Ocean Rim Diarsipkan 2016-11-03 di Wayback Machine., Berghahn Books, 2010
Omar Khulaidi, The Arabs of Hadramawt in Hyderabad in Mediaeval Deccan History, eds Kulkarni, Naeem and de Souza, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1996
Leif Manger, Hadramis in Hyderabad: From Winners to Losers Diarsipkan 2012-10-21 di Wayback Machine., Asian Journal of Social Science, Volume 35, Numbers 4-5, 2007, pp. 405–433(29)
Engseng Ho, The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean, University of California Press, 2006
Ababu Minda Yimene, An African Indian community in Hyderabad, Cuvillier Verlag, 2004, pg 201
Natalie Mobini-Kesheh, The Hadrami Awakening: Community and Identity in the Netherlands East Indies, 1900-1942, SEAP Publications, 1999
Anne K. Bang, Sufis and Scholars of the Sea: Family Networks in East Africa, 1860-1925, Routledge, 2003
AHMED BIN SALAM BAHIYAL who came from hadramaut to MAHABUBNAGAR ( HYDERABAD ) INDIA
Linda Boxberger, On the Edge of Empire: Hadhramawt, Emigration, and the Indian Ocean, 1880s-1930s, SUNY Press, 2002
Ulrike Freitag, Hadhramaut: A Religious Centre for the Indian Ocean in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries?, Studia Islamica, No. 89 (1999), pp. 165–183
The Hadhrami Diaspora in Southeast Asia: Identity Maintenance or Assimilation?, edited by Ahmed Ibrahim Abushouk and Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, BRILL, 2009
A Hadrami Diaspora in the Sudan in Diasporas Within and Without Africa: Dynamism, Hetereogeneity, Variation edited by Leif O. Manger and Munzoul A. M. Assal, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2006, pg 61
Abdullah Hassan Al-Saqqaf, The Linguistics of Loanwords in Hadrami Arabic, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Volume 9, Issue 1 January 2006, pages 75 – 93
Hadhrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s Edited by Ulrike Freitag and William G. Clarence-Smith, BRILL, 1997
Frode F. Jacobsen, Hadrami Arabs in Present-day Indonesia, Taylor & Francis, 2009
Patricia W. Romero, Lamu: History, Society, and Family in an East African Port City, Markus Wiener Publishers, 1997, pp 93 – 108, 167- 184
Mona Abaza, M. Asad Shahab: A Portrait of an Indonesian Hadrami Who Bridged the Two Worlds in Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée, edited by Eric Tagliacozzo, NUS Press, 2009, pp 250 – 274
Jonathan Miran, Red Sea Translocals: Hadrami Migration, Entrepreneurship, and Strategies of Integration in Eritrea, 1840s-1970s^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}, Northeast African Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2012, pp. 129–168.
Ulrike Freitag, From Golden Youth in Arabia to Business Leaders in Singapore: Instructions of a Hadrami Patriarch in Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée, edited by Eric Tagliacozzo, NUS Press, 2009, pp 235 – 249
Talib, Ameen, Hadramis in Singapore, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, vol 17 no. 1 (April 1997): 89- 97 (UK).
Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied, The Role of Hadramis in Post-Second World War Singapore - A Reinterpretation, Immigrants & Minorities, Volume 25, Issue 2 July 2007, pages 163 - 183
Iain Walker, Hadramis, Shimalis and Muwalladin: Negotiating Cosmopolitan Identities between the Swahili Coast and Southern Yemen, Journal of Eastern African Studies, Volume 2, Issue 1 March 2008, pages 44 – 59
Shanti Sadiq Ali, The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times, Orient Blackswan, 1996, pp 193–202
Al-Saqqaf, Abdullah (2012) "Arabic Literature in Diaspora: an Example from South Asia" in: Rizio Yohannan Raj (ed.): Quest of a Discipline: New Academic Directions for Comparative Literature (Cambridge University Press, India) doi:10.1017/CBO9788175969346.018

[1] Ho, Engseng. 2006. Graves of Tarim. University of California Press. Berkeley. passim

[2] Jean-François Seznec The Financial Markets of the Arabian Gulf, Routledge, 1987

[3] Cassanelli, Lee V. (1973). "The Benaadir past: essays in southern Somali history". University of Wisconsin: 24.

[4] Gavin, R. J. (1975). Aden under British rule, 1839–1967. London: Hurst. hlm. 198. ISBN 0-903983-14-1.

[Metz-5] Helen Chapin Metz, Somalia: a country study, (The Division: 1993), p.10.

[6] Francoise Le Guennec, Changing Patterns of Hadhrami Migration and Social Integration in East Africa in Hadhrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s, Edited by Ulrike Freitag and William G. Clarence-Smith, BRILL, 1997, pg 165

[7] "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-12-16. Diakses tanggal 2016-11-01.

[8] "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-05-03. Diakses tanggal 2016-11-01.

[9] "Arab trader's role in Singapore landmark". The Straits Times. 24 September 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-07. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2016.

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