Arthur Koestler

Arthur Koestler
Arthur Koestler
	Arthur Koestler (1969)
Lahir	Artúr Kösztler; 5 September 1905; Budapest, Austria-Hungaria
Meninggal	1 Maret 1983 (usia 77); London, Inggris
Pekerjaan	Novelis, esayis, wartawan
Kebangsaan	Hungaria, Inggris
Kewarganegaraan	Warga negara Inggris naturaliasi
Periode	1934–1983
Tema	Fiksi, non-fiksi, sejarah, autobiografi, politik, filsafat, psikologi, parapsikologi, sains
Karya terkenal	Darkness at Noon; The Thirteenth Tribe
Penghargaan	Penghargaan Sonning (1968); CBE (1972)
Pasangan	Dorothy Ascher (1935–50); Mamaine Paget (1950–52); Cynthia Jefferies (1965–83)

Arthur Koestler, CBE (UK /ˈkɜːstlər/, US /ˈkɛst-/; Jerman: [ˈkœstlɐ]; bahasa Hungaria: Kösztler Artúr; 5 September 1905 – 1 Maret 1983) adalah seorang penulis dan wartawan Hungaria-Inggris. Koestler lahir di Budapest dan belajar di Austria. Pada 1931, Koestler masuk Partai Komunis Jerman sampai ia mundur pada 1938, karena tak menyenangi Stalinisme. Pada 1940, ia menerbitka novel Darkness at Noon, sebuah karya anti-totalitarian yang memberikannya ketenaran mancanegara. Sepanjang 43 tahun berikutnya, dari kediamannya di Inggris, Koestler mengamati banyak peristiwa politik, dan penulis novel, memoir, biografi dan sejumlah esai. Pada 1968, ia dianugerahi Penghargaan Sonning "atas jasa menonjolnya terhadap budaya Eropa". Pada 1972, ia diangkat menjadi Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). Pada 1976, ia didiagnosa terserang Penyakit Parkinson. Pada 1979, ia terserang leukemia.^[2] Pada 1983, ia dan istrinya melakukan bunuh diri di rumah mereka di London.

Karya

Spanish Testament (1937)
Darkness at Noon (1940)
Arrival and Departure (1943)
The God That Failed.^[3]

Referensi

^ There is a discrepancy between the various biographers in the spelling of the surname. David Cesarani uses the spelling Jeffries, Iain Hamilton, Harold Harris; in his Introduction to Living with Koestler: Mamaine Koestler's Letters 1945–51, Celia Goodman in the same book and Mark Levene in Arthur Koestler spell it Jefferies.
^ A. & C. Koestler (ACK) Stranger on the Square, London: Hutchinson 1984, ISBN 978-0-09-154330-3, p. 10.
^ Kurnia, Anton (2019). Ensiklopedia Sastra Dunia. Yogyakarta: Diva Press. hlm. 45. ISBN 978-602-391-662-7.

Bacaan tambahan

Biografi Koestler

Atkins, J., 1956. Arthur Koestler.
Buckard, Christian G., 2004. Arthur Koestler: Ein extremes Leben 1905–1983. ISBN 3-406-52177-0.
Cesarani, David, 1998. Arthur Koestler: The Homeless Mind. ISBN 0-684-86720-6.
Hamilton, Iain, 1982. Koestler: A Biography. ISBN 0-02-547660-2.
Koestler, Mamaine, 1985. Living with Koestler: Mamaine Koestler's Letters 1945-51. ISBN 0-297-78531-1 or ISBN 0-312-49029-1.
Levene, M., 1984. Arthur Koestler. ISBN 0-8044-6412-X
Mikes, George, 1983. Arthur Koestler: The Story of a Friendship. ISBN 0-233-97612-4.
Pearson, S. A., 1978. Arthur Koestler. ISBN 0-8057-6699-5.
Scammell, Michael, 2009. Koestler: The Literary and Political Odyssey of a Twentieth-Century Skeptic ISBN 978-0-394-57630-5. also published in UK as Koestler. The Indispensable Intellectual, London: Faber, 2010. ISBN 978-0-571-13853-1

Pranala luar

Cari tahu mengenai Arthur Koestler pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:
	Gambar dan media dari Commons
	Kutipan dari Wikiquote
	Entri basisdata #Q78494 di Wikidata

Koestler CBC Radio December 14, 2011: Interview with biographer Michael Scammell on the Ideas podcast.
Road Warrior Article in December 2009 issue of the New Yorker. Differs with the Wikipedia entry on many features of Koestler's biography.
E., Holuber: Dostoevsky's Grandson
Remembering Arthur Koestler
Autobiographical Video-Interview with Arthur Koestler in French with German sub-titles and comments
2007 City Journal article on Koestler Diarsipkan 2007-05-09 di Wayback Machine.
Arthur Koestler Project
Duncan Fallowell (Summer 1984). "Arthur Koestler, The Art of Fiction No. 80". The Paris Review.
General Properties of Koestler's Open hierarchical Systems
Hungarian site on Koestler
Koestler's Legacy – Fortean Times article on the centenary of Koestler's birth
Koestler Parapsychology Unit – Koestler and his third spouse left a large sum of money for research into parapsychology: this funded, among other things, the Koestler Parapsychology Unit at Edinburgh University
Mystical Experiences of Arthur Koestler Diarsipkan 2016-05-07 di Wayback Machine.
Petri Liukkonen. "Arthur Koestler". Books and Writers
The Koestler Trust Diarsipkan 2016-05-16 di Wayback Machine.
C-SPAN Q&A interview with Scammell about Koestler: The Literary and Political Odyssey of a Twentieth-Century Skeptic, 10 January 2010

[1] There is a discrepancy between the various biographers in the spelling of the surname. David Cesarani uses the spelling Jeffries, Iain Hamilton, Harold Harris; in his Introduction to Living with Koestler: Mamaine Koestler's Letters 1945–51, Celia Goodman in the same book and Mark Levene in Arthur Koestler spell it Jefferies.

[2] A. & C. Koestler (ACK) Stranger on the Square, London: Hutchinson 1984, ISBN 978-0-09-154330-3, p. 10.

[:02-3] Kurnia, Anton (2019). Ensiklopedia Sastra Dunia. Yogyakarta: Diva Press. hlm. 45. ISBN 978-602-391-662-7.

[1]

[2]

[3]

Pengawasan otoritas
Umum	Integrated Authority File (Jerman) ISNI 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat (via VIAF)
Perpustakaan nasional	Norwegia Chili Spanyol Prancis (data) 2 (data) Catalunya The ICCU id CFIV007926 is not valid. Amerika Serikat Latvia Jepang Republik Ceko Australia Yunani 2 Israel Korea Kroasia Belanda Polandia Swedia
Basis data ilmiah	CiNii (Jepang)
Lain-lain	Faceted Application of Subject Terminology RERO (Swiss) 1 Social Networks and Archival Context SUDOC (Prancis) 1 Trove (Australia) 1