Kapal penumpang
Kapal penumpang adalah kapal yang digunakan untuk angkutan penumpang. Untuk meningkatkan effisiensi atau melayani keperluan yang lebih luas kapal penumpang dapat berupa kapal Ro-Ro, ataupun untuk perjalanan pendek terjadwal dalam bentuk kapal feri.
Di Indonesia, perusahaan yang mengoperasikan kapal penumpang antara lain PT Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia atau biasa disingkat menjadi PELNI, sementara kapal Ro-Ro penumpang dan kendaraan antara lain dioperasikan oleh PT ASDP Indonesia Ferry, PT Dharma Lautan Utama, PT Jembatan Madura, dan berbagai perusahaan pelayaran lainnya.
Daftar kapal yang pernah sangat terkenal pada zamannya
[sunting | sunting sumber]| Tahun | Nama | Tonase kotor | Perusahaan | Negara |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1819 | SS Savannah | 320 BRT | Savannah Steamship Company | Amerika Serikat |
| 1831 | SS Royal William | 540 BRT | St. John & Halifax Steam Navigation Company | Kanada |
| 1838 | SS Great Western | 1,340 BRT | Great Western Steamship Company | Britania Raya |
| 1840 | SS President | 2,366 BRT | British & American Steam Navigation Company | Britania Raya |
| 1845 | SS Great Britain | 3,270 BRT | Great Western Steamship Company | Britania Raya |
| 1857 | SS Adriatic | 4,145 BRT | New York & Liverpool Amerika Serikat Mail S.S. Co. (Collins) | Amerika Serikat |
| 1858 | SS Great Eastern | 18,915 BRT | Eastern Steam Navigation Company | Britania Raya |
| 1867 | RMS Republic (after loss of Great Eastern) | 4,352 BRT | Pacific Mail Steamship Company Inc. | Amerika Serikat |
| 1871 | RMS Egypt | 4,670 BRT | National Line Ltd. | Britania Raya |
| 1875 | SS City of Berlin | 5,526 BRT | Inman Line Ltd. | Britania Raya |
| 1881 | SS Servia | 7,391 BRT | Cunard Line | Britania Raya |
| 1881 | SS City of Rome | 8,415 BRT | Inman Line | Britania Raya |
| 1893 | RMS Lucania | 12,952 BRT | Cunard Line | Britania Raya |
| 1897 | SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Große | 14,349 BRT | Norddeutscher Lloyd | Jerman |
| 1899 | RMS Oceanic | 17,274 BRT | White Star Line Ltd. | Britania Raya |
| 1905 | RMS Baltic | 23,876 BRT | White Star Line Ltd. | Britania Raya |
| 1906 | SS Kaiserin Auguste Victoria | 24,581 BRT | Hapag | Jerman |
| 1907 | RMS Lusitania | 31,550 BRT | Cunard Line Ltd. | Britania Raya |
| 1912 | RMS Titanic | 46,329 BRT | White Star Line Ltd. | Britania Raya |
| 1912 | RMS Olympic (after loss of Titanic and refit) | 46,439 BRT | White Star Line Ltd. | Britania Raya |
| 1913 | SS Imperator | 52,117 BRT | Hapag | Jerman |
| 1914 | SS Vaterland | 54,282 BRT | Hapag | Jerman |
| 1914 | SS Bismarck | 56,551 BRT | Hapag | Jerman |
| 1922 | RMS Majestic (ex Bismarck) | 56,551 BRT | White Star Line Ltd. | Britania Raya |
| 1935 | SS Normandie | 79,280 BRT | Compagnie Générale Transatlantique S.A. | Prancis |
| 1940 | RMS Queen Elizabeth | 83,673 BRT | Cunard-White Star Ltd. | Britania Raya |
| 1971 | SS Seawise University (ex Queen Elizabeth) | 83,673 BRT | Orient Overseas Container Line | Hong Kong |
| 1972 | SS Prancis (after loss of Normandie (1942), Queen Mary (1967), and Seawise University) | 66,343 BRT | Compagnie Générale Transatlantique | Prancis |
| 1984 | SS Norwegia (ex Prancis) | 70,202 BRT | Norwegian Cruise Line | Norwegia/Amerika Serikat |
| 1990 | SS Norwegia (after reconstruction) | 76,049 BRT | Norwegian Cruise Line | Norwegia/Amerika Serikat |
| 1996 | MS Carnival Destiny | 101,509 BRZ | Carnival Cruise Line Inc. | Amerika Serikat |
| 1997 | MS Grand Princess | 108,865 BRZ | P & O Princess Cruises Ltd. | Britania Raya/Amerika Serikat |
| 2004 | RMS Queen Mary 2 | 148,528 BRT | Cunard Line Ltd. | Britania Raya |
| 2006 | MS Freedom of the Seas | 154,407 GT | Royal Caribbean International | Norwegia/Amerika Serikat |
| 2007 | MS Liberty of the Seas and MS Freedom of the Seas | 154,407 GT | Royal Caribbean International | Norwegia/Amerika Serikat |
| 2008 | MS Independence of the Seas | 160,000 GT | Royal Caribbean International | Norwegia/Amerika Serikat |
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Durand, Jean-François. Autour du Monde Paquebots. Cruise ships around the world. Editions marines, 1996. [bilingual text]
- Marin, Pierre-Henri. Les paquebots, ambassadeurs des mers. Paris: Gallimard, 1989.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Passenger ships.
- PELNI Diarsipkan 2008-05-15 di Wayback Machine.
- Jadwal Kapal Laut Marathon-boat. Diakses tanggal 18-09-2019.