Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Melayu: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{untuk|Bantuan pengucapan dalam IPA|Bantuan:Pengucapan}} |
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{{Wikipedia IPA}} |
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Tabel di bawah ini menunjukan nilai serta pengucapan [[Bunyi bahasa|suara]] dalam bahasa [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]] (termasuk bahasa [[Indonesia]]) dengan transkripsi simbol [[Alfabet Fonetik Internasional|fonetik]], yang akan digunakan pada artikel-artikel Wikipedia. |
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== Kunci == |
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<div style="width: 48%; display: inline-block; margin-right: auto;"> |
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Tabel dibawah menunjukkan nilai dan pengucapan suara dalam [[bahasa Indonesia]] dan [[bahasa Melayu]] untuk artikel Wikipedia dengan transkripsi [[Alfabet Fonetik Internasional]]. Untuk penjelasan lebih rinci, lihat [[Fonologi bahasa Melayu]] |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
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|+ [[Konsonan]] |
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|- |
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! IPA !! Contoh !! Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa lain |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''b'''ola<ref name="stop">Konsonan {{IPA|/p/}}, {{IPA|/t/}}, dan {{IPA|/k/}} tidak akan [[Aspirasi (linguistik)|diaspirasikan]] pada bahasa Melayu. Jika konsonan tersebut berada pada posisi akhir kata, konsonan tersebut tidak akan diucapkan dengan pelepasan [[Pelepasan non suara|suara]] {{IPA|[p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚]}}. Hal itu juga berlaku ketika Konsonan {{IPA|/b, d/}} yang berada pada posisi akhir kata, juga tidak akan diucapkan dengan pelepasan suara serta [[Suara (fonetik)|dinirsuarakan]], sehingga diucapkan sebagai {{IPA|[p̚, t̚]}}. Bahasa Melayu juga tidak memiliki [[Liaison (Bahasa Prancis)|liaison]]: sehingga kalimat ''kulit ubi'' tidak akan diucapkan sebagai 'kulit-tubi'.</ref> |
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|align="left"| '''b'''ee (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|d}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''d'''ari<ref name=stop/> |
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|align="left"| '''d'''o (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|dʒ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''j'''ari |
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|align="left"| '''j'''ob (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''f'''ikir, '''v'''isa<ref name="loan">Beberapa konsonan [[frikatif]] (yaitu {{IPA|[f, z, ʃ, x]}}) merupakan konsonan yang hanya dapat ditemui pada kata serapan, yang berasal dari bahasa lain. Beberapa penutur bahasa Melayu mengucapkan huruf ‹v› sebagai {{IPAblink|v}}; maupun sebagai {{IPAblink|f}}. Konsonan frikatif [z] bisa saja menjadi [[alofon]] dari konsonan /s/ sebelum adanya konsonan bersuara.</ref> |
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|align="left"| '''f'''ire (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''g'''alah<ref name=glottal/> |
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|align="left"| '''g'''ame (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''h'''abis, toko'''h''' |
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|align="left"| '''h'''at (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''y'''akin, ka'''y'''a |
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|align="left"| '''y'''es (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''k'''alah<ref name=stop/><ref name=glottal/> |
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|align="left"| s'''k'''y (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''l'''ama |
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|align="left"|'''l'''ove (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''m'''akan |
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|align="left"| '''m'''ail (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''n'''akal |
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|align="left"| '''n'''ote (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''ng'''arai |
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|align="left"| feeli'''ng''' (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''ny'''aman |
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|align="left"| ca'''ny'''on (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''p'''ola<ref name=stop/> |
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|align="left"| s'''p'''y (bahas Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''r'''aja, da'''r'''i, pasa'''r''' |
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|align="left"| pe'''rr'''o<ref>Di beberapa daerah berpenduduk mayoritas Melayu, [[konsonan getar]] {{IPA|/r/}} diucapkan sebagai konsonan frikatif langit-langit belakang atau tekak ({{IPAblink|ɣ}} atau {{IPAblink|ʁ}}). Namun di daeraj lain, termasuk daerah penutur bahasa Indonesia Baku, konsonan tersebut diucapkan sebagai {{IPAblink|ɾ}} atau {{IPAblink|r}}.</ref> (bahasa Spanyol) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''s'''aya |
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|align="left"| '''s'''ix (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''sy'''ak<ref name=loan/> |
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|align="left"| '''sh'''ark (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''t'''ari<ref name=stop/> |
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|align="left"| s'''t'''ill (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|tʃ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''c'''ari |
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|align="left"| it'''ch'''y (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''v'''isa<ref name=loan/> |
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|align="left"| '''v'''iolin (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''w'''aktu, Ja'''w'''a |
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|align="left"| '''w'''e (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''kh'''as<ref name=loan/> |
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|align="left"| lo'''ch''' (bahasa Inggris dialek [[Skotlandia]]) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''z'''aman<ref name=loan/> |
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|align="left"| '''z'''ero (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ʔ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| bapa'''k''', ra'''k'''yat<ref name=stop/><ref name="glottal">Konsonan hentian celah suara {{IPAblink|ʔ}} merupakan alofon dari konsonan {{IPA|/k/}} serta {{IPA|/ɡ/}} pada koda: ''baik'', ''bapak''. Hanya beberapa kata saja yang memiliki hentian celah suara pada posisi tengah, misalnya ''bakso'' dan ''rakyat''. Hentian celah suara juga dapat ditulis dengan tanda apostrof, misalnya ''Al Qur'an''.</ref> |
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|align="left"| uh<u>'''-'''</u>oh (bahasa Inggris) |
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|- |
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|} |
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</div> |
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<div style="float: right; width: 48%;"> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
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|+ [[Vowel]]s |
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|- |
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! IPA !! Contoh !! Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa Inggris |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ä|a}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''a'''j'''a'''r, buk'''a'''<ref name="final a">DI Malaysia, vokal {{IPA|/a/}} pada akhir kata sering diucapkan sebagai {{IPAblink|ə}}.</ref><ref>vokal [{{IPA|ɑ}}] merupakan alofon dari /a/ pada beberapa kata serapan bahasa arab apabila diucapkan dengan hati-hati, contohnya: ''qari'' [qɑri].</ref> |
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|align="left"| mirip seperti pengucapan f'''a'''ther, namun diucapkan dengan posisi lidah agak ke depan |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big> |
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| align="left"| s'''e'''rong, kar'''e''', pil'''i'''h, yak'''i'''n, kir'''i'''m<ref name="diphthong">{{IPA|[e, o]}} are [[Allophone|allophones]] of {{IPA|/i, u/}} in native words in closed final syllables, but have become established as distinct phonemes in English and Javanese loanwords. The diphthongs {{IPA|/ai, au/}}, which only occur in open syllables, are often merged into {{IPA|[e, o]}}, respectively, especially in [[Java]].</ref> |
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|align="left"| mirp seperti pengucapan m'''e'''n, namun diucapkan dengan posisi lidah lebih dekat |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| p'''e'''k, t'''e'''h, b'''e'''b'''e'''k<ref name="lax">{{IPA|/e, i, o, u/}} in [[Indonesian language]] have [[Tenseness|lax]] [[Allophone|allophones]] {{IPA|[ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ]}} in [[Closed syllable|closed final syllables]], except that tense {{IPA|[i, u]}} occur in stressed syllables with a coda nasal, and lax {{IPA|[ɛ, ɔ]}} also occur in open syllables if the following syllable contains the same lax vowel.</ref> |
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|align="left"| dr'''e'''ss |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big> |
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| align="left"| b'''i'''la, '''i'''n'''i''' |
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|align="left"| happ'''y''' |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɪ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| kir'''i'''m<ref name=lax/> |
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|align="left"| b'''i'''n |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big> |
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| align="left"| r'''o'''da, t'''o'''k'''o''', tuj'''u'''h, rump'''u'''t<ref name=diphthong/> |
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|align="left"| mirip seperti pengucapan l'''o'''t, namun diucapkan dengan posisi lidah lebih dekat |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| p'''o'''h'''o'''n<ref name=lax/> |
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|align="left"| '''o'''ff |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big> |
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| align="left"| '''u'''pah, bar'''u''' |
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|align="left"| m'''oo'''n |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ʊ}}</big> |
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| align="left"| rump'''u'''t<ref name=lax/> |
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|align="left"| f'''oo'''t |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big> |
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| align="left"| g'''e'''lak |
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|align="left"| tak'''e'''n |
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|} |
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<br/> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
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|+[[Diftong]] |
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|- |
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! IPA !! Contoh !! Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa Inggris |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPA|au}}, {{IPA|aʊ}}</big><ref name=IndonesianOnly>The pronunciation with the lax allophone [ɪ] or [ʊ] only occurs in Indonesian.</ref> |
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| align="left"| kal'''au'''<ref name=diphthong/> |
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|align="left"| h'''ow''' |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPA|ai}}, {{IPA|aɪ}}</big><ref name=IndonesianOnly/> |
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| align="left"| cap'''ai'''<ref name=diphthong/> |
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|align="left"| b'''ye''' |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPA|ei}}, {{IPA|eɪ}}</big><ref name=IndonesianOnly/> |
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| align="left"| murb'''ei''' |
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|align="left"| surv'''ey''' |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPA|oi}}, {{IPA|oɪ}}</big><ref name=IndonesianOnly/> |
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| align="left"| sep'''oi''' |
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|align="left"| b'''oy''' |
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|- |
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|<big>{{IPA|ui}}, {{IPA|uɪ}}</big><ref name=IndonesianOnly/> |
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| align="left"| fengs'''ui''' |
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|align="left"| r'''ui'''n ([[Bahasa Inggris Britania|dialek Britania]]) |
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|} |
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<br/> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+ Simbol lain |
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! IPA !! Penjelasan |
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|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ˈ}}</big> |
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| Simbol yang menandakan stres/aksen primer pada kata. Simbol ini ditempatkan sebelum adanya suku kata yang akan ditekankan<ref>Stress generally falls on the [[Penult|penultimate]] syllable. If that syllable contains a schwa {{IPAblink|ə}}, stress shifts to the [[antepenult]] if there is one, and to the final syllable if there is not. Some suffixes are ignored for stress placement.</ref> |
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|} |
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</div> |
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==Notes== |
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{{{!}} style="background:none;" |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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{{!}} valign="top" {{!}} |
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<!-- Indispensable help: [http://hmongrp.wisc.edu/IPPL%20Indonesian/inetpub/wwwroot/ipa/Indonesian%20Test%20Template/indo.html] --> |
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{{{!}} class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;" |
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! colspan="3"{{!}} Konsonan |
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{{!}}- |
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! IPA !! Contoh !! pengucapan dekat bahasa Inggris |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}b}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''b'''ola <ref name=stop>{{IPA{{!}}/p/}}, {{IPA{{!}}/t/}}, {{IPA{{!}}/k/}} are [[aspiration (phonetics){{!}}unaspirated]], as in the [[Romance languages]], or as in English ''spy, sty, sky.'' In final position, they are [[unreleased stop{{!}}unreleased]] {{IPA{{!}}[p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚]}}, with final ''k'' being a [[glottal stop]]. {{IPA{{!}}/b, d/}} are also unreleased, and therefore devoiced, {{IPA{{!}}[p̚, t̚]}}. There is no [[Liaison (French){{!}}liaison]]: they remain unreleased even when followed by a vowel, as in ''kulit ubi'' "potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix.</ref> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''b'''eau |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}d}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''d'''ari <ref name=stop/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''d'''o |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}dʒ}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''j'''ari |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''j'''ob |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}f}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''f'''ikir, '''v'''isa <ref name=loan>The fricatives {{IPA{{!}}[f, z, ʃ, x]}} are found in loanwords only. Some speakers pronounce orthographic ‹v› in loanwords as {{IPAblink{{!}}v}}; otherwise it is {{IPAblink{{!}}f}}.</ref> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''f'''estival |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}ɡ}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''g'''alah <ref name=glottal/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''g'''ain |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}h}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''h'''abis, toko'''h''' |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''h'''at |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}j}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''y'''akin, ka'''y'''a |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''y'''es |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}k}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''k'''alah <ref name=stop/><ref name=glottal/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} s'''k'''y |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}l}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''l'''ama |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} c'''l'''ean |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}m}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''m'''akan |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''m'''oon |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}n}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''n'''akal |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''n'''ote |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}ŋ}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''ng'''arai |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} feeli'''ng''' |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}ɲ}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''ny'''aman |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} ca'''ny'''on |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}p}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''p'''ola <ref name=stop/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} s'''p'''y |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}r}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''r'''aja, da'''r'''i, pasa'''r''' |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} trilled 'r' <ref>In traditional Malay areas, the [[rhotic consonant]] {{IPA{{!}}/r/}} is realized as a velar or uvular fricative, {{IPAblink{{!}}ɣ}} or {{IPAblink{{!}}ʁ}}, and elided word-finally. Elsewhere, including in Standard Indonesian, it is an alveolar tap {{IPAblink{{!}}ɾ}} or trill {{IPAblink{{!}}r}}. Its position relative to schwa is ambiguous: ''kertas'' "paper" may be pronounced {{IPA{{!}}[krəˈtas]}} or {{IPA{{!}}[kərəˈtas]}}.</ref> |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}s}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''s'''aya |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''s'''ix |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}ʃ}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''sy'''ak <ref name=loan/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''sh'''oe |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}t}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''t'''ari <ref name=stop/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} s'''t'''y |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}tʃ}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''c'''ari |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''ch'''eck |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}v}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''v'''isa <ref name=loan/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''v'''ision |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}w}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''w'''aktu, Ja'''w'''a |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''w'''e |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}x}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''kh'''as <ref name=loan/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}z}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''z'''aman <ref name=loan/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''z'''ero |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}ʔ}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} bapa'''k''' <ref name=stop/> <ref name=glottal>The glottal stop {{IPAblink{{!}}ʔ}} is an allophone of {{IPA{{!}}/k/}} and {{IPA{{!}}/ɡ/}} in the coda: ''baik'', ''bapak''. It is also used between identical vowels in [[Hiatus (linguistics){{!}}hiatus]]. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. ''bakso'' (meatballs). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as ''Al Qur'an''.</ref> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}} |
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{{!}} valign="top" {{!}} |
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{{{!}} class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;" |
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! colspan="3"{{!}} [[Vokal]] <ref>The [[nasal consonant]] {{IPA{{!}}/m, n, ŋ, ɲ/}} [[nasal vowel{{!}}nasalize]] following vowels, and may nasalize a subsequent vowel if the intervening consonant is {{IPA{{!}}/h, j, w, ʔ/}}.</ref> |
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{{!}}- |
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! IPA !! Contoh !! pengucapan dekat bahasa Inggris |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}a}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''a'''j'''a'''r, buk'''a'''<ref name="final a">In Malaysian, word-final {{IPA{{!}}/a/}} is often reduced to {{IPAblink{{!}}ə}}.</ref> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} f'''a'''ther |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}e}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} s'''e'''rong, kar'''e''' <ref name=diphthong/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} cl'''ay'''<ref>The Malay/Indonesian {{IPA{{!}}/e/}} doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of ''clay'' (for most English dialects) and the vowel of ''get''. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.</ref> |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}ɛ}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} t'''e'''h, b'''e'''b'''e'''k <ref name=lax>{{IPA{{!}}/e, i, o, u/}} have [[tenseness{{!}}lax]] [[allophone]]s {{IPA{{!}}[ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ]}} in [[closed syllable]]s, except that tense {{IPA{{!}}[i, u]}} occur in stressed syllables with a coda nasal, and laax {{IPA{{!}}[ɛ, ɔ]}} also occur in open syllables if the following syllable contains the same lax vowel.</ref> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} f'''e'''stival |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}i}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} b'''i'''la, '''i'''n'''i''' |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} s'''ee''' |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}ɪ}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} kir'''i'''m <ref name=lax/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} b'''i'''n |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}o}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} r'''o'''da, t'''o'''k'''o''' <ref name=diphthong/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} s'''o'''le |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}ɔ}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} p'''o'''h'''o'''n <ref name=lax/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} s'''o'''rt |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}u}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} '''u'''pah, bar'''u''' |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} m'''oo'''n |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}ʊ}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} rump'''u'''t <ref name=lax/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} f'''oo'''t |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPAlink{{!}}ə}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} g'''e'''lak <ref name="final a"/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} '''a'''bout |
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{{!}}- |
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! colspan=3 {{!}} [[Diftong]] |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPA{{!}}au}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} kal'''au''' <ref name=diphthong/> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} h'''ow''' |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPA{{!}}ai}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} cap'''ai''' <ref name=diphthong>{{IPA{{!}}[e, o]}} are [[allophone]]s of {{IPA{{!}}/i, u/}} in native words, but have become established as distinct phonemes in English and Javanese loan words. The diphthongs {{IPA{{!}}/ai, au/}}, which only occur in open syllables, are often merged into {{IPA{{!}}[e, o]}}, respectively, especially in [[Java]].</ref> |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} b'''ye''' |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}<big>{{IPA{{!}}oi, ui}}</big> |
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{{!}} align="left"{{!}} sep'''oi''' |
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{{!}}align="left"{{!}} b'''oy''' (uncommon) |
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{{!}}} |
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{{{!}} class="wikitable" |
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! colspan=3 {{!}} Other symbols |
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{{!}}- |
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! IPA !! Explanation |
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{{!}}- |
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{{!}}align="center" {{!}}<big>{{IPA{{!}}ˈ}}</big> |
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{{!}} Primary stress<br />Placed before the stressed syllable <ref>Stress generally falls on the [[penult]]imate syllable. If that syllable contains a schwa {{IPAblink{{!}}ə}}, stress shifts to the [[antepenult]] if there is one, and to the final syllable if there is not. Some suffixes are ignored for stress placement.</ref> |
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{{!}}} |
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{{!}}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
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|2={{Wikipedia IPA}} |
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}} |
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== Catatan == |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{bantuan-stub}} <!-- berikan templat ini apabila halaman berupa halaman bantuan rintisan --> |
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{{Navbox Gabungan Pedoman WBI}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}} |
Revisi per 11 Juni 2023 14.37
Bagian dari seri tentang |
Halaman Bantuan Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia |
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Tabel di bawah ini menunjukan nilai serta pengucapan suara dalam bahasa Melayu (termasuk bahasa Indonesia) dengan transkripsi simbol fonetik, yang akan digunakan pada artikel-artikel Wikipedia.
Kunci
IPA | Contoh | Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa lain |
---|---|---|
b | bola[1] | bee (bahasa Inggris) |
d | dari[1] | do (bahasa Inggris) |
dʒ | jari | job (bahasa Inggris) |
f | fikir, visa[2] | fire (bahasa Inggris) |
ɡ | galah[3] | game (bahasa Inggris) |
h | habis, tokoh | hat (bahasa Inggris) |
j | yakin, kaya | yes (bahasa Inggris) |
k | kalah[1][3] | sky (bahasa Inggris) |
l | lama | love (bahasa Inggris) |
m | makan | mail (bahasa Inggris) |
n | nakal | note (bahasa Inggris) |
ŋ | ngarai | feeling (bahasa Inggris) |
ɲ | nyaman | canyon (bahasa Inggris) |
p | pola[1] | spy (bahas Inggris) |
r | raja, dari, pasar | perro[4] (bahasa Spanyol) |
s | saya | six (bahasa Inggris) |
ʃ | syak[2] | shark (bahasa Inggris) |
t | tari[1] | still (bahasa Inggris) |
tʃ | cari | itchy (bahasa Inggris) |
v | visa[2] | violin (bahasa Inggris) |
w | waktu, Jawa | we (bahasa Inggris) |
x | khas[2] | loch (bahasa Inggris dialek Skotlandia) |
z | zaman[2] | zero (bahasa Inggris) |
ʔ | bapak, rakyat[1][3] | uh-oh (bahasa Inggris) |
IPA | Contoh | Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa Inggris |
---|---|---|
a | ajar, buka[5][6] | mirip seperti pengucapan father, namun diucapkan dengan posisi lidah agak ke depan |
e | serong, kare, pilih, yakin, kirim[7] | mirp seperti pengucapan men, namun diucapkan dengan posisi lidah lebih dekat |
ɛ | pek, teh, bebek[8] | dress |
i | bila, ini | happy |
ɪ | kirim[8] | bin |
o | roda, toko, tujuh, rumput[7] | mirip seperti pengucapan lot, namun diucapkan dengan posisi lidah lebih dekat |
ɔ | pohon[8] | off |
u | upah, baru | moon |
ʊ | rumput[8] | foot |
ə | gelak | taken |
IPA | Contoh | Kemiripan bunyi dalam bahasa Inggris |
---|---|---|
au, aʊ[9] | kalau[7] | how |
ai, aɪ[9] | capai[7] | bye |
ei, eɪ[9] | murbei | survey |
oi, oɪ[9] | sepoi | boy |
ui, uɪ[9] | fengsui | ruin (dialek Britania) |
IPA | Penjelasan |
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ˈ | Simbol yang menandakan stres/aksen primer pada kata. Simbol ini ditempatkan sebelum adanya suku kata yang akan ditekankan[10] |
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f Konsonan /p/, /t/, dan /k/ tidak akan diaspirasikan pada bahasa Melayu. Jika konsonan tersebut berada pada posisi akhir kata, konsonan tersebut tidak akan diucapkan dengan pelepasan suara [p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚]. Hal itu juga berlaku ketika Konsonan /b, d/ yang berada pada posisi akhir kata, juga tidak akan diucapkan dengan pelepasan suara serta dinirsuarakan, sehingga diucapkan sebagai [p̚, t̚]. Bahasa Melayu juga tidak memiliki liaison: sehingga kalimat kulit ubi tidak akan diucapkan sebagai 'kulit-tubi'.
- ^ a b c d e Beberapa konsonan frikatif (yaitu [f, z, ʃ, x]) merupakan konsonan yang hanya dapat ditemui pada kata serapan, yang berasal dari bahasa lain. Beberapa penutur bahasa Melayu mengucapkan huruf ‹v› sebagai [v]; maupun sebagai [f]. Konsonan frikatif [z] bisa saja menjadi alofon dari konsonan /s/ sebelum adanya konsonan bersuara.
- ^ a b c Konsonan hentian celah suara [ʔ] merupakan alofon dari konsonan /k/ serta /ɡ/ pada koda: baik, bapak. Hanya beberapa kata saja yang memiliki hentian celah suara pada posisi tengah, misalnya bakso dan rakyat. Hentian celah suara juga dapat ditulis dengan tanda apostrof, misalnya Al Qur'an.
- ^ Di beberapa daerah berpenduduk mayoritas Melayu, konsonan getar /r/ diucapkan sebagai konsonan frikatif langit-langit belakang atau tekak ([ɣ] atau [ʁ]). Namun di daeraj lain, termasuk daerah penutur bahasa Indonesia Baku, konsonan tersebut diucapkan sebagai [ɾ] atau [r].
- ^ DI Malaysia, vokal /a/ pada akhir kata sering diucapkan sebagai [ə].
- ^ vokal [ɑ] merupakan alofon dari /a/ pada beberapa kata serapan bahasa arab apabila diucapkan dengan hati-hati, contohnya: qari [qɑri].
- ^ a b c d [e, o] are allophones of /i, u/ in native words in closed final syllables, but have become established as distinct phonemes in English and Javanese loanwords. The diphthongs /ai, au/, which only occur in open syllables, are often merged into [e, o], respectively, especially in Java.
- ^ a b c d /e, i, o, u/ in Indonesian language have lax allophones [ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ] in closed final syllables, except that tense [i, u] occur in stressed syllables with a coda nasal, and lax [ɛ, ɔ] also occur in open syllables if the following syllable contains the same lax vowel.
- ^ a b c d e The pronunciation with the lax allophone [ɪ] or [ʊ] only occurs in Indonesian.
- ^ Stress generally falls on the penultimate syllable. If that syllable contains a schwa [ə], stress shifts to the antepenult if there is one, and to the final syllable if there is not. Some suffixes are ignored for stress placement.