Grafik peringkat lima perusahaan teratas (2009-2011)
Berikut adalah daftar perusahaan umum dengan kapitalisasi pasar terbesar , serta perusahaan milik negara menurut perkiraan nilai pasar . Kapitalisasi pasar dihitung dari harga saham (tercatat pada hari tertentu) dikali jumlah saham yang dikeluarkan. Jumlah ditukar ke dalam satuan juta dolar Amerika Serikat (nilai tukar pada hari tertentu) agar bisa diperbandingkan.
Sejumlah perusahaan milik negara lebih besar daripada perusahaan umum terbesar. Misalnya, nilai Saudi Aramco diperkirakan mencapai $ 995.1 miliar [1] sampai $ 2 triliun USD , lebih dari 03. kali ukuran perusahaan apapun dalam daftar ini dan menjadikannya perusahaan paling bernilai di dunia.[2]
Perusahaan umum
Kapitalisasi pasar
Pada tanggal 2019,Apple Inc. menutup perdagangan dengan harga saham £ 1.001.00 Triliun GBP , [3] Dengan $ 1.305.00 lembar saham (December 2019),[4] Apple Inc. . mempunyai kapitalisasi pasar senilai $ 2,100.00 Triliun USD . Ini merupakan kapitalisasi pasar nominal tertinggi yang pernah dicapai oleh perusahaan umum.
Rekor sebelumnya dipegang oleh Microsoft Corps sejak 30 Desember 1999 ketika mereka mencapai harga saham $ 195,95.00 miliar Tengah malam.[5] . Dengan$ 150.024.593 lembar saham (30 November 1999),[6] kapitalisasi pasanya mencapai € 2,100.00 Triliun EUR . Jika disesuaikan dengan inflasi tahun 2017, kapitalisasi pasar Microsoft Corps bisa mencapai $ 2,500.00 Triliun USD sebuah nilai kapitalisasi sesuai inflasi yang belum tercapai oleh
Amzon (Company)`Inc. dan Alphabet Inc. .[7]
[1]
[2] [3]
2019
Daftar berbasis Financial Times ini diperbarui pada Desember 2019. Perubahan yang ditunjukkan dalam peringkat dan nilai pasar relatif terhadap kuartal sebelumnya.
Rank
First quarter
Second quarter
Third quarter
Fourth quarter
01
Microsoft Corps 904,860[8]
Apple `Inc. 1,028,000[8]
Microsoft Corps 1,062,000[8]
Apple`Inc. 1,305,000[9]
02
Apple `Inc. 835,670[9]
Amazon (Company),Inc 928,540[10]
Apple `Inc. 1,012,000[9]
Microsoft Corps 1,203,000[8]
03
Amazon (Company),Inc 874,710[10]
Microsoft Corps 911,240[9]
Amazon (Company),Inc 858,680[10]
Alphabet Inc. 922,130[11]
04
Alphabet Inc. 818,160[11]
Alphabet Inc. 751,170[11]
Alphabet Inc. 838,020[11]
Amazon (Company),Inc 916,150[10]
05
Berkshire Hathaway 493,750[12]
Facebook, Inc 551,490[13]
Berkshire Hathaway 508,530[12]
Facebook 585,320[13]
06
Facebook 475,730[13]
Berkshire Hathaway 521,100[12]
Facebook 508,050[13]
Alibaba Group 569,010[14]
07
Alibaba Group 472,940[14]
Alibaba Group 439,150[14]
Alibaba Group 435,400[14]
Berkshire Hathaway 553,530[12]
08
Tencent 440,980[15]
Tencent 432,080[15]
Tencent 398,840[15]
Tencent 461,370[15]
09
Johnson & Johnson 372,230[16]
Visa Inc. 379,271[17]
Visa Inc. 385,370[17]
JPMorgan Chase 437,230[18]
10
Visa Inc. 353,710[17]
Johnson & Johnson 370,300[16]
JPMorgan Chase 376,310[18]
Visa Inc. 416,790[17]
2018
2017
Daftar berbasis Financial Times ini diperbarui pada Desember 2017. Perubahan yang ditunjukkan dalam peringkat dan nilai pasar relatif terhadap kuartal sebelumnya.
Rank
First quarter[19] [note 1]
Second quarter[20] [note 1]
Third quarter[21] [note 1]
Fourth quarter
01.
Apple`Inc. 753,718
Apple`Inc. 749,124
Apple`Inc. 791,726
Apple`Inc. 868,880[9]
02
Alphabet Inc. 573,570[11]
Alphabet Inc. 628,610[11]
Alphabet Inc. 664,550[11]
Alphabet Inc. 727,040[11]
03
Microsoft Corps 508,935
Microsoft Corps 528,778
Microsoft Corps 568,965
Microsoft Corps 659,910[8]
04
Amazon (company), Inc 423,031
Amazon (company), Inc 466,471
Amazon (company), Inc 459,435
Amazon (company), Inc 563,540[10]
05
Berkshire Hathaway 410,880[12]
Berkshire Hathaway 418,880[12]
Berkshire Hathaway 451,840[12]
facebook,Inc 512,760[13]
06
Exxon_Mobil 339,897
Johnson & Johnson 357,310
Alibaba Group 436,850[14]
Tencent 493,340[22]
07
Johnson & Johnson 337,947
Facebook 357,176
Tencent 405,007
Berkshire Hathaway 489,490[12]
08
Facebook, Inc. 334,552
Alibaba Group 356,390[14]
facebook,Inc. 399,946
Alibaba Group 440,712[22]
09
JPMorgan Chase 313,761
Tencent 344,879
Exxon_Mobil 348,248
Johnson & Johnson 375,360[16]
10
Wells Fargo 278,516
Exxon_Mobil 341,947
Johnson & Johnson 347,497
JPMorgan Chase 371,050[18]
216
2015
Daftar berbasis Financial Times ini diperbarui pada Desember 2015. Perubahan yang ditunjukkan dalam peringkat dan nilai pasar relatif terhadap kuartal sebelumnya.
Rank
First quarter[23]
Second quarter[24]
Third quarter[25] [note 1]
Fourth quarter[26] [note 1]
01
Apple `Inc. 724,773.1
Apple`Inc. 722,576.9
Apple`Inc. 621,939
Apple`Inc. 598,344
02
Exxon_Mobil Corporation 356,548.7
Microsoft Corps 357,154.4
Alphabet Inc. 407,870[11]
Alphabet Inc. 534,090[11]
03
Berkshire Hathaway 356,510.7
Exxon_Mobil Corporation 347,868.1
Microsoft corps 347,432
Microsoft Corps 449,799
04
Alpahbet Inc. 345,849.2[27]
Aplabet Inc. 336,014.5[11]
Berkshire Hathaway 318,180[12]
Berkshire Hathaway 323,750[12]
05
Microsoft Corps 333,524.8
Berkshire Hathaway 336,014.5
Exxon_Mobil Corporation 304,245
Exxon_Mobil Corporation 325,167
06
Petro_China 329,715.1
Petro_China 319,391.6
Johnson & Johnson 257,637
Amazon,Inc 323,009
07
Wells Fargo 279,919.7
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 298,531.5
General Electric (GE) 248,069
General Electric (GE) 313,892
08
Johnson & Johnson 279,723.9
Wells Fargo 289,591.3
China Mobile 243,186
Johnson & Johnson 287,153
09
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 275,389.1
Johnson & Johnson 270,260.8
Novartis 240,373
Wells Fargo 281,770
10
Novartis 267,897.0
General Electric (GE) 267,717.4
Nestlé 233,361
JPMorgan Chase 245,126
2014
2012
Daftar Financial Times Global 500 ini sesuai tanggal 31 Desember 2012. Perubahan nilai pasarnya relatif terhadap kuartal sebelumnya.
Peringkat
Kuartal pertama[28]
Kuartal kedua[29]
Kuartal ketiga[30]
Kuartal keempat[31]
01
Apple Inc. 559,002.1
Apple Inc. 546,076.1
Apple Inc. 625,348.1
Apple Inc. 500,610.7
02
Exxon Mobil Corps 408,777.4
Exxon Mobil Corps 400,139.1
Exxon Mobil Corps 422,127.5
Exxon Mobil Corps 394,610.9
03
Petro_China 278,968.4
Petro_China 257,685.8
Petro_China 253,853.3
Petro_China 264,833.4
04
Microsoft Corps 270,644.1
Microsoft Corps 256,982.4
Microsoft Corps 249,489.8
BHP Billiton (BHP) 247,409.0
05
International Business Machines Corps (IBM) 241,754.6
Wal-Mart Inc. 235,900.3
Wal-Mart Inc. 248,074.4
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 236,457.9
06
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 236,335.4
International Business Machines Corps (IBM) 225,598.5
General Electric (GE) 239,791.2
China Mobile 234,040.2
07
Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) 222,425.1
General Electric (GE) 220,806.3
International Business Machines Corps.(IBM) 237,068.4
Wal-Mart Inc. 228,245.4
08
China Mobile 220,978.9
China Mobile 219,481.3
Chevron Corps 228,707.1
Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd.(LG)` 227,581.8
09
General Electric (GE) 212,317.7
Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) 217,048.2
China Mobile 222,817.8
Microsoft Corps 224,801.0
10
Chevron Corps 211,950.6
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 211,196.0
Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) 222,669.6
Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) 222,669.6
2011
Daftar Financial Times Global 500 ini sesuai tanggal 31 Desember 2011. Perubahan nilai pasarnya relatif terhadap kuartal sebelumnya.
Peringkat
Kuartal pertama[32]
Kuartal kedua[33]
Kuartal ketiga[34]
Kuartal keempat[35]
01
Exxon Mobil Corps 417,166.7
Exxon Mobil Corps 400,884.5
Apple Inc. 353,518.1
Exxon Mobil Corps 406,272.1
02
Petro_China 326,199.2
Apple Inc. 310,412.3
Exxon Mobil Corps 353,135.2
Apple Inc. 376,410.6
03
Apple Inc. 321,072.1
Petro_China 303,649.9
Petro_China 276,473.9
Petro_China 276,844.9
04
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 251,078.1
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 246,850.5
International Business Machines Corps (IBM) 208,843.5
Royal Dutch Shell 236,677.0
05
Petrobras 247,417.6
BHP Billiton (BHP) 233,626.5
Microsoft Corps 208,534.9
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 228,168.1
06
BHP Billiton (BHP) 247,079.5
Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) 225,122.8
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 206,021.4
Microsoft Corps 218,380.1
07
China Construction Bank (CCBC) 232,608.6
Microsoft Corps 219,251.9
China Mobile 198,778.7
International Business Machines Corps (IBM) 216,724.4
08
Royal Dutch Shell 226,128.7
Nestlé 215,017.5
Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) 197,061.1
Chevron Corps 211,893.9
09
Chevron Corps 215,780.6
Petrobras 210,111.4
Nestlé 191,115.6
Wal-Mart Inc. 204,659.8
10
Microsoft Corps 213,336.4
International Business Machines Corps (IBM) 207,781.4
Chevron Corps. 185,456.1
China Mobile 196,148.4
2010
Daftar Financial Times Global 500 ini sesuai tanggal 31 Desember 2010. Perubahan nilai pasarnya relatif terhadap kuartal sebelumnya.
Peringkat
Kuartal pertama[36]
Kuartal kedua[37]
Kuartal ketiga[38]
Kuartal keempat[39]
01
Petro_China 329,259.7
Exxon Mobil Corps 291,789.1
Exxon Mobil Corps 314,622.5
Exxon Mobil Corps 368,711.5
02
Exxon Mobil Corps 316,230.8
Petro_China 268,504.8
Petro_China 270,889.9
Petra_China 303,273.6
03
Microsoft Corps 256,864.7
Apple Inc. 228,876.8
Apple Inc. 259,223.4
Apple Inc. 295,886.3
04
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 246,419.8
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 211,258.7
Petrobras 220,616.5
BHP Billiton (BHP) 243,540.3
05
Apple Inc. 213,096.7
Microsoft Corps 201,655.8
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 213,364.1
Microsoft Corps 238,784.5
06
BHP Billiton (BHP) 209,935.1
China Mobile 201,471.2
Microsoft Corps 210,676.4
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 233,369.1
07
Wal-Mart Inc. 209,000.7
Berkshire Hathaway 197,356.8
China Mobile 205,339.6
Petrobras 229,066.6
08
Berkshire Hathaway Inc 200,620.5
China Construction Bank Corps (CCB) 189,170.7
Berkshire Hathaway Inc 204,792.0
China Construction Bank Corps (CCB) 222,245.1
09
General Electric (GE) 194,246.2
Signs Maker Inc. 178,322.7
China Construction Bank Corps (CCB) 202,998.4
Royal Dutch Shell (shell) 208,593.7
10
China Mobile 192,998.6
Procter & Gamble (P&G) 172,736.5
BHP Billiton (BHP) 196,866.0
Nestlé 203,534.3
2009
Daftar Financial Times Global 500 ini sesuai tanggal 31 Desember 2009. Perubahan nilai pasarnya relatif terhadap kuartal sebelumnya.
Peringkat
Kuartal pertama [40]
Kuartal kedua [41]
Kuartal ketiga [42]
Kuartal keempat [43]
01
Exxon Mobil Corps 336,525
Petro_China 366,662.9
Exxon Mobil Corps 329,725
Petro_China 353,140.1
02
Petro_China 287,185
Exxon Mobil Corps 341,140.3
Petro_China 325,097.5
Exxon Mobil Corps 323,717.1
03
Wal-Mart Inc. 204,365
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co., Ltd.(ICBC) 257,004.4
ndustrial and Commercial Bank of China Co., Ltd.(ICBC) 237,951.5
Microsoft Corps 270,635.4
04
ndustrial and Commercial Bank of China Co., Ltd.(ICBC) 187,885
Microsoft Corps 211,546.2
Microsoft Corps 229,630.7
ndustrial and Commercial Bank of China Co., Ltd.(ICBC) 268,956.2
05
China Mobile 174,673
China Mobile 200,832.4
HSBC Holdings (HSBC) 198,561.1
Wal-Mart Inc. 203,653.6
06
Microsoft Corps 163,320
Wal-Mart Inc. 188,752.0
China Mobile 195,680.4
China Construction Bank Ltd.(CCB) 201,436.1
07
AT&T Inc. 148,511
China Construction Bank (CCB) 182,186.7
Wal-Mart Inc. 189,331.6
BHP Billiton (BHP) 201,248
08
Johnson & Johnson (J&J) 145,481
Petrobras 165,056.9
Petrobras 189,027.7
HSBC Holdings (HSBC) 199,254.9
09
Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) 138,999
Johnson & Johnson (J&J) 156,515.9
China Construction Bank (CCB) 186,816.7
Petrobras 199,107.9
10
Procter & Gamble (P&G) 138,013
Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) 156,386.7
Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) 175,986.1
Apple Inc. 189,801.7
2008
Daftar Financial Times Global 500 ini sesuai tanggal 31 Desember 2008. Perubahan nilai pasarnya relatif terhadap kuartal sebelumnya.
Peringkat
Kuartal pertama [44]
Kuartal kedua [45]
Kuartal ketiga [46]
Kuartal keempat [47]
01
Exxon Mobil Corps 452,505
Exxon Mobil Corps 465,652
Exxon Mobil Corps 403,366
Exxon Mobil Corps. 406,067
02
Petro_China 423,996
Petro_China 341,140.3
Petro_China 325,097.5
Petro_China 259,836
03
General Electric (GE) 369,569
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 257,004.4
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 237,951.5
Wal-Mart Inc. 219,898
04
Gazprom 299,764
Microsoft Corps 211,546.2
Microsoft Corps 229,630.7
China Mobile 201,291
05
China Mobile 298,093
China Mobile 200,832.4
HSBC Holdings (HSBC) 198,561.1
Procter & Gamble (P&G) 184,576
06
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 277,236
Wal-Mart Inc. 188,752.0
China Mobile 195,680.4
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 173,930
07
Microsoft Corps 264,132
China Construction Bank(CCB) 182,186.7
Wal-Mart Inc. 189,331.6
Microsoft Corps 172,929
08
AT&T Inc. 231,168
Petrobras 165,056.9
Petrobras 189,027.7
AT&T Inc. 167,950
09
Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) 220,110
Johnson & Johnson (J&J) 156,515.9
China Construction Bank (CCB) 186,816.7
Johnson & Johnson (J&J) 166,002
10
Procter & Gamble (P&G) 215,640
Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) 156,386.7
Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) 175,986.1
General Electric (GE) 161,278
2007
Daftar Financial Times Global 500 ini sesuai tanggal 31 Desember 2007. Perubahan nilai pasarnya relatif terhadap kuartal sebelumnya.
Rank
First quarter[48]
Second quarter[49]
Third quarter[50]
Fourth quarter[51]
01
Exxon Mobil Corps 429,567
Exxon Mobil Corps 472,519
Exxon Mobil Corps 513,362
Petro_china 723,952
02
General Electric 363,611
General Electric 393,831
General Electric 424,191
Exxon Mobil Corps 511,887
03
Microsoft Corps 272,912
Microsoft Corps 281,934
China Mobile 327,937
General Electric 374,637
04
Citigroup 252,857
Royal Dutch Shell 266,141
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 279,269
China Mobile 354,120
05
AT&T 246,206
AT&T 255,871
Microsoft Corps 276,202
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 338,989
06
Gazprom 245,911
Citigroup 253,703
Royal Dutch Shell 264,397
Microsoft 333,054
07
Toyota 230,832
Gazprom 245,757
Gazprom 260,249
Gazprom 329,591
08
Bank of America 228,177
BP 231,491
AT&T 258,047
Royal Dutch Shell 269,544
09
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd.(ICBC) 224,788
Toyota 228,009
Citigroup 232,162
AT&T 252,051
10
Royal Dutch Shell 214,018
Bank of America 216,963
Bank of America 223,066
China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (Sinopec) 249,645
2006
Perusahaan milik negara
Daftar Financial Times Non-Public 150 ini sesuai bulan Desember 2015. Daftar ini memperkirakan Saudi Aramco pada nilai US$4.775.1 triliun. Perkiraan terbaru pada tahun 2017 menempatkan nilainya pada kisaran US$6,5 triliun [52] hingga US$9th, triliun.[53]
[4] [5]
Peringkat
2019 [1]
01.
Saudi Aramco (priv. ) {[2010]} 1.781,000
02.`
Pemex (priv. ) {[2020]} 415,000
03.
( PDVSA ) (priv. ) 388,000
04.
( KPC ) (priv. ) 378,000
05.
Petronas (priv. ) 232,000
06.
Sonatrach (priv. ) 224,000
07.
( NIOC ) (priv. ) 222,000
08`.
Gazprom (priv. ) {[2025]} 222,000
09.
Japan Post (priv. ) {[2005]} 156,000
10.
Pertamina (priv. ) {[2000]} 155,000
11.
( NNPC ) (priv. ) 120,000
Lihat pula
Catatan kaki
^ a b FT Non-Public 150 - the full list
^ "Big Oil, bigger oil" . Financial Times . February 4, 2010.
^ http://www.google.com/finance?q=AAPL
^ http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/AAPL/1987632841x0x585701/beacb369-cb95-4950-acf4-4fbfa3569ec6/Q3_2012_Form_10-Q_As-Filed_.pdf
^ http://www.microsoft.com/investor/reports/ar00/notes-quarterly_information.htm
^ http://secfilings.nasdaq.com/filingFrameset.asp?FileName=0001032210%2D01%2D000273%2Etxt&FilePath=%5C2001%5C02%5C14%5C&CoName=MICROSOFT+CORP&FormType=10%2DQ&RcvdDate=2%2F14%2F2001&pdf=
^ http://finance.yahoo.com/news/apple-market-value-hits-600b-151007997.html
^ a b c d e "Microsoft Market Cap" . ycharts.com . Diakses tanggal 2019-01-01 .
^ a b c d e Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref>
tidak sah;
tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama yap
^ a b c d e "Amazon.com Cap" . ycharts.com . Diakses tanggal 2019-01-01 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref>
tidak sah;
tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama ya
^ a b c d e f g h i j Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref>
tidak sah;
tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama yb
^ a b c d e "Facebook Market Cap" . ycharts.com . Diakses tanggal 2019-01-01 .
^ a b c d e f "Alibaba Group Holding Market Cap (BABA)" . ycharts.com . Diakses tanggal 2019-01-01 .
^ a b c d Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref>
tidak sah;
tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama yte
^ a b c "Johnson & Johnson Market Cap" . ycharts.com . Diakses tanggal 2019-01-01 .
^ a b c d "Visa Mobil Market Cap" . Diakses tanggal 2019-10-03 .
^ a b c "JPMorgan Chase Market Cap" . ycharts.com . Diakses tanggal 2019-01-01 .
^ "Financial Times FT500 2017-04-01" .
^ "Financial Times FT500 2017-06-30" .
^ "Financial Times FT500 2017-09-29" .
^ a b "Tencent and Alibaba top Asia's market cap ranking in 2017" . nikkei.com . Diakses tanggal 2018-01-23 .
^ "Financial Times " .
^ "Financial Times " .
^ "FT500" .
^ "FT500" .
^ 376,801.4 if unlisted classes of shares included, see http://im.ft-static.com/content/images/b2a77270-169d-11e5-b07f-00144feabdc0.xls
^ Financial Times
^ Financial Times
^ Financial Times
^ Financial Times
^ Financial Times
^ Financial Times
^ Financial Times
^ Financial Times
^ "Financial Times" (PDF) . Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2010-10-11. Diakses tanggal 2010-10-11 .
^ Financial Times
^ Financial Times
^ Financial Times
^ "Financial Times" (PDF) . Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2009-12-29. Diakses tanggal 2009-12-29 .
^ "Financial Times" (PDF) . Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-20. Diakses tanggal 2011-05-20 .
^ "Financial Times" (PDF) . Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-25. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-25 .
^ "Financial Times" (PDF) . Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2010-03-13. Diakses tanggal 2010-03-13 .
^ "Financial Times" (PDF) . Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2008-09-10. Diakses tanggal 2008-09-10 .
^ "Financial Times" (PDF) . Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2008-09-10. Diakses tanggal 2008-09-10 .
^ "Financial Times" (PDF) . Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2009-02-05. Diakses tanggal 2009-02-05 .
^ "Financial Times" (PDF) . Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2009-03-27. Diakses tanggal 2009-03-27 .
^ "Financial Times " (PDF) .
^ "Financial Times " (PDF) .
^ "Financial Times " (PDF) .
^ "Financial Times " (PDF) .
^ Sheridan Titman , McCombs School of Business, March, 2010. More Thoughts on the Value of Saudi Aramco http://blogs.mccombs.utexas.edu/titman/2010/03/01/more-thoughts-on-the-value-of-saudi-aramco/ [pranala nonaktif permanen ]
^ Financial Times , February, 2020. Big Oil, bigger oil: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/c5b32636-116f-11df-9195-00144feab49a,_i_email=y,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F3%2Fc5b32636-116f-11df-9195-00144feab49a%2C_i_email%3Dy.html&_i_referer=http%3A%2F%2Ftexasenterprise.org%2Farticle%2Fwhats-value-saudi-aramco
Kesalahan pengutipan: Ditemukan tag <ref>
untuk kelompok bernama "note", tapi tidak ditemukan tag <references group="note"/>
yang berkaitan