Ekonomi Jerman Nazi
Seperti sebagian besar negara barat lainnya, ekonomi Jerman mengalami dampak dari Depresi Besar dengan peningkatan pengangguran menjelang Kejatuhan Wall Street 1929.[1] Saat Adolf Hitler menjadi Kanselir Jerman pada 1933, ia memperkenalkan kebijakan-kebijakan yang ditujukan untuk menunjang ekonomi. Perubahannya meliputi privatisasi industri negara, autarki dan tarif impor. Meskipun pendapatan mingguan meningkat 19%[2] pada periode antara 1932-38, rata-rata jam kerja juga meningkat menjadi sekitar 60 per pekan pada 1939. Selain itu, perdagangan luar negeri menurut pada barang-barang konsumen seperti unggas, buah dan pakaian untuk sebagian besar orang Jerman.[3]
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
Catatan
- ^ Adam Tooze, The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy (2008)
- ^ Bry, Gerhard (1960). Wages in Germany 1871-1945. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. hlm. 331, 362. ISBN 0-87014-067-1.
- ^ Evans, Richard J. "Business, Politics, and War." The Third Reich in Power. New York: Penguin, 2006. 392. Print
Daftar pustaka
- Braun, Hans-Joachim (1990). The German Economy in the Twentieth Century. Routledge.
- Carr, William (1972). Arms, Autarky and Aggression. London: Edward Arnold.
- Dawidowicz, Lucy (1976). A Holocaust Reader. New York: Behrman House. ISBN 978-0-87441-219-2.
- DeLong, J. Bradford (February 1997). "Slouching Towards Utopia?: The Economic History of the Twentieth Century. XV. Nazis and Soviets". econ161.berkeley.edu. University of California at Berkeley. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 May 2008. Diakses tanggal 21 April 2013.
- Evans, Richard J. (2005). The Third Reich in Power. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-303790-3.
- Overy, Richard J. (1994). War and Economy in the Third Reich. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-198-20599-9.
- Schweitzer, Arthur (1964). Big Business in the Third Reich. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Tooze, Adam (2006). The Wages of Destruction: The Making and the Breaking of the Nazi Economy. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-03826-8.
- Turner, Henry A. (1985). German Big Business and the Rise of Hitler. Oxford University Press.
Bacaan tambahan
- Dean, Martin: Robbing the Jews: The Confiscation of Jewish Property in the Holocaust, 1935–1945, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
- Kaillis, Aristotle: Fascist Ideology, Routledge London, 2000.
- Timothy Mason & Richard Overy "Debate: Germany, 'Domestic Crisis' and War in 1939" pages 200–240 from Past and Present, Number 122, February 1989; reprinted as "Debate: Germany, 'domestic crisis’ and the War in 1939" from The Origins of The Second World War edited by Patrick Finney, Edward Arnold: London, United Kingdom, 1997, ISBN 0-340-67640-X.