Helena Modjeska

Helena Modjeska
Helena Modjeska berperan sebagai Ophelia daalm sandiwara Shakespeare Hamlet, 1867
Lahir	Jadwiga Benda (baptized Helena Opid) (1840-10-12)12 Oktober 1840 Kota Bebas Kraków
Meninggal	8 April 1909(1909-04-08) (umur 68) Newport Beach, California, Amerika Serikat
Suami/istri	Gustav Modrzejewski ​ ​ (m. 1861; bercerai 1868)​ Count Karol Bozenta Chłapowski ​ ​ (m. 1868)​
Anak	2, termasuk Ralph Modjeski
Tanda tangan

Helena Modrzejewska (pengucapan bahasa Polandia: [mɔdʐɛˈjɛfska]; born Jadwiga Benda; 12 Oktober 1840 – 8 April 1909), yang lebih dikenal sebagai Helena Modjeska, adalah seorang pemeran Polandia yang mengkhususkan diri dalam peran-peran Shakespearean dan tragis. Ia awalnya sukses di panggung Polandia. Setelah berimigrasi ke Amerika Serikat (meskipun ia kurang dapat berbahasa Inggris), ia juga sukses di panggung Amerika dan London. Ia dianggap sebagai pemeran terbesar dalam sejarah teater di Polandia.

Referensi

• Bordman, Gerald; Hischak, Thomas S (2004). "Modjeska, Helena (1840–1909) [Opid]". The Oxford Companion to American Theatre (edisi ke-3rd). New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195169867.013.2157. ISBN 978-0199916474. OCLC 4811171430. 
• Coleman, Marion Moore (1969) [1961]. Fair Rosalind: the American career of Helena Modjeska. Cheshire, CT: Cherry Hill Books. OCLC 586268615 – via Internet Archive. 
• Collins, Mabel (1883). The Story of Helena Modjeska, (Madame Chlapowska). W.H. Allen. OCLC 557642974 – via Internet Archive. 
• Got, Jerzy; Szczublewski, Józef, ed. (1965). Korespondencja Heleny Modrzejewskiej i Karola Chlapowskiego [Correspondence of Helena Modrzejewska and Karol Chłapowski] (dalam bahasa Polski). Warszawa: Panstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. OCLC 586347319. 
• Gronowicz, Antoni (1956). Modjeska: Her Life and Loves. New York: T. Yoselof. OCLC 1333657. 
• Kemp, Bill (2016-04-10). "Famed actress Modjeska wowed locals". pantagraph.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-11-29. 
• Lerski, Jerzy; Wróbel, Piotr; Kozicizi, Richard J. (1996). "Modrzejewska (Modjeska) Helena". Historical dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. hlm. 361–362. ISBN 978-0-313-03456-5. OCLC 55741538. 
• "Madame Modjeska Recruiting Her Strength". The Cornishman. Cornish Weekly Newspapers. 1880-09-09. p. 5, col. 1. ISSN 0307-0190. OCLC 795150396. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-17. Diakses tanggal 2021-11-29 – via The British Newspaper Archive. 
• Modjeska, Helena (1910). Memories and Impressions of Helena Modjeska: An Autobiography. New York: The Macmillan Company. OCLC 557798506 – via Internet Archive. 
• Obst, Peter J. (2000). "Ralph Modjeski: Bridge Builder Extraordinary". web.archive.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-05-20. 
• Osnes, Beth (2001). Acting : an international encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California Denver Colorado: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-804-4. OCLC 50799341. 
• Seagraves, Anne (1991). "Helena Modjeska, The Polish Queen of Drama". Women who charmed the West. Lakeport, CA: Wesanne Publications. hlm. 72–83. ISBN 978-0-9619088-2-9. OCLC 1200615950 – via Internet Archive. 
• Shattuck, Charles (1987). Shakespeare on the American Stage, From Booth and Barrett to Southern and Marlowe. 2. Washington: Folger Shakespeare Library. hlm. 125–136, 317–318. ISBN 978-0-918016-77-5. OCLC 1120919235. 
• Wilmeth, Don B.; Miller, Tice L. (1996). Cambridge guide to American theatre. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 263–264. ISBN 978-0-521-56444-1. OCLC 1028860352 – via Internet Archive. 

Bacaan tambahan

• Holmgren, Beth (2011). Starring Madame Modjeska: On Tour in Poland and America. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-35664-2. 

Pranala luar

Kumpulan arsip

• Karya oleh/tentang Helena Modjeska di Internet Archive (pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)
• Guide to the Ellen K. Lee Collection on Helena Modjeska and Orange County. Diarsipkan 2019-10-26 di Wayback Machine. Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.
• Guide to the Collection of Helena Modjeska Theater Memorabilia. Diarsipkan 2018-06-01 di Wayback Machine. Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.
• Guide to the Helena Modjeska Collection. Diarsipkan 2020-05-14 di Wayback Machine. Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.
• Madam Modjeska scrapbooks, 1877–1898 Diarsipkan 2023-08-17 di Wayback Machine., held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
• Heroines of the Modern Stage Diarsipkan 2019-11-07 di Wayback Machine. p. 52 by Forrest Izard c. 1915

Lain-lain

• Helena Modrzejewska Diarsipkan 2020-05-05 di Wayback Machine. at culture.pl
• Modjeska, Helena Diarsipkan 2023-08-17 di Wayback Machine. at American National Biography
• Diogenes Club. Theaters in Warsaw, Where Irene Adler Sang Diarsipkan 2010-02-24 di Wayback Machine.
• A play in which Modjeska reflects on her life Diarsipkan 2017-09-13 di Wayback Machine.
• A documentary film about Helena Modjeska's life and passions Diarsipkan 2010-02-06 di Wayback Machine.
• Helena Modjeska – Icon of Style. Reconstructions of XIX century costumes Diarsipkan 2020-09-25 di Wayback Machine.
• (Inggris) Helena Modjeska di Find a Grave