Kristen Santo Tomas
 | |
| Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |
|---|---|
| India (Kerala, Bangalore, Mumbai); UAE (Dubai); Oman; Kuwait; AS (wilayah metropolitan New York City, Chicago, Houston, Dallas, Tampa, Detroit, Atlanta, Philadelphia, New Jersey, Los Angeles); Kanada (Toronto, Edmonton)[1][2] | |
| Bahasa | |
| Pengucapan: Malayalam Liturgi: Siria (Aram)[3] | |
| Agama | |
| Kelompok etnik terkait | |
| Yahudi Cochin,[3] Malayali |
Kristen Santo Tomas, yang juga disebut Kristen Siria atau Nasrani, adalah sebuah komunitas Kristen dari Kerala, India, yang bermula dari kegiatan penginjilan Rasul Tomas pada abad ke-1.[4][5] Komunitas tersebut dulunya bersatu dalam kepemimpinan dan liturgi, namun sejak abad ke-17 terpecah dalam beberapa denominasi dan tradisi gereja.
Dulu, komunitas Kristen Santo Tomas adalah bagian dari Gereja Timur, yang terpusat di Persia. Mereka dibentuk sebagai Provinsi Eklesiastikal India pada abad ke-8, yang dilayani oleh para uskup dan seorang Deakon Agung pewaris. Pada abad ke-16, keputusan padroado Portugis untuk memasukkan Kristen Santo Tomas ke dalam Gereja Katolik berujung pada beberapa gesekan dalam komunitas tersebut dan pendirian faksi Katolik dan Gereja Malankara. Sejak itu, perpecahan lebih lanjut terjaci, dan Kristen Santo Tomas sekarang terbagi dalam Katolik Timur, Ortodoks Oriental, Kristen Ritus Siria Timur, dan badan-badan indepeden yang berbeda, masing-masing dengan liturgi-liturgi dan tradisi-tradisi mereka sendiri.
Kristen St. Tomas mewakili sebuah kelompok etnis tunggal. Budaya Kristen Santo Tomas sebagian besar berasal dari pengaruh Siria Timur, bercampur dengan kebiasaan-kebiasaan lokal dan kemudian unsur-unsur yang berasal dari kontak pribumi India dan kolonial Eropa. Bahasa mereka adalah Malayalam, bahasa lokal dari Kerala, sementara Siria digunakan untuk keperluan liturgi.[6]
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ (Inggris) "Eparchy of Saint Thomas the Apostle of Chicago (Syro-Malabarese)". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Diakses tanggal 23 January 2015.
- ^ http://www.indianchristianity.com/html/STCEI.htm
- ^ a b Ross, Israel J. (1979) "Ritual and Music in South India: Syrian Christian Liturgical Music in Kerala." Asian Music. 11 (1): 80–98
- ^ The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 5 by Erwin Fahlbusch. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing - 2008. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-8028-2417-2.
- ^ The Jews of India: A Story of Three Communities by Orpa Slapak. The Israel Museum, Jerusalem. 2003. p. 27. ISBN 965-278-179-7.
- ^ "City Youth Learn Dying Language, Preserve It". The New Indian Express. May 9, 2016. Diakses tanggal May 9, 2016.
Bacaan tambahan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Aprem, Mar. (1977) The Chaldaean Syrian Church in India. Trichur, Kerala, India: Mar Narsai, 1977.
- Brown, Leslie (1956) The Indian Christians of St. Thomas. An Account of the Ancient Syrian Church of Malabar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1956, 1982 (repr.)
- Iyer, K.V. Krishna, Kerala’s Relations with the Outside World, pp. 70, 71 in "The Cochin Synagogue Quatercentenary Celebrations Commemoration Volume", Kerala History Association, Cochin, 1971.
- Joseph, T. K. The Malabar Christians and Their Ancient Documents. Trivandrum, India, 1929.
- Landstrom, Bjorn (1964) "The Quest for India", Double day English Edition, Stockholm.
- Mariamma Joseph (1994).Marriage Among Indian Christians.Jaipur: Rawat Publications
- Mathew, N. M. St. Thomas Christians of Malabar Through Ages. CSS Tiruvalla. 2003.
- Menachery, Professor George. (2000) Kodungallur – The Cradle of Christianity In India, Thrissur: Marthoma Pontifical Shrine.
- Menachery, Professor George(Ed.). (1982) The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India, VOL.I, Thrissur.
- Menachery, Professor George(Ed.). (1973) The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India, VOL.II, Thrissur.
- Menachery, Professor George(Ed.). (2010) The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India, VOL.III, Ollur,Thrissur.
- Menachery, Professor George(Ed.with Ponnumuthan, Aerath). (2006) Indian Christians and Nation Building, CBCI-KCBC Kochi-Alwaye.
- Menachery, Professor George(Ed.with Snaitang). (2011) India's Christian Heritage, Church History Assn. of India, Bangalore (DVK).
- Menachery George & Chakkalakal Werner (1987) "Kodungallur: City of St. Thomas", Azhikode
- Miller, J. Innes. (1969). The Spice Trade of The Roman Empire: 29 B.C. to A.D. 641. Oxford University Press. Special edition for Sandpiper Books. 1998. ISBN 0-19-814264-1.
- Mundadan, A. Mathias. (1984) History of Christianity in India, vol.1, Bangalore, India: Church History Association of India.
- Philip, E.M. (1908) The Indian Christians of St. Thomas (1908; Changanassery: Mor Adai Study Center, 2002).
- Podipara, Placid J. (1970) "The Thomas Christians". London: Darton, Longman and Tidd, 1970. (is a readable and exhaustive study of the St. Thomas Christians.)
- Poomangalam C.A (1998) The Antiquities of the Knanaya Syrian Christians; Kottayam, Kerala.
- Puthur, B. (ed.) (2002): The Life and Nature of the St Thomas Christian Church in the Pre-Diamper Period (Cochi, Kerala).
- Rawlinson, H. (1926) Intercourse between India and the Western World from the Earliest Times to the Fall of Rome
- Susan Visvanathan (1993) The Christians of Kerala: History, Belief and Ritual Among the Yakoba. New Delhi/Madras/New York: Oxford University Press
- Susan Visvanathan (1989) "Marriage, Birth and Death-Property Rights and Domestic Relationships of the Orthodox Jacobite Syrian Christians of Kerala", Economic and Political Weekly,Vol - XXIV No. 24, June 17, 1989.
- Susan Visvanathan (1986) "Reconstructions of the Past among the Syrian Christians of Kerala", Contributions to Indian Sociology (Sage Publishers), July 1986; vol. 20, 2: pp. 241–260.
- Susan Visvanathan (2010)."The Status of Christian Women in Kerala",in 'World Christianity:Critical Concepts in Religious Studies', edited by Elizabeth Koepping, London: Routledge, 2010.
- Susan Visvanathan (2011) "The Eucharist in a Syrian Christian Church", in T.N.Madan (edited) 'India's Religions: Perspectives from Sociology and History'.New Delhi: Oxford University Press
- Tamcke, M. (ed.) (2001): Orientalische Christen zwischen Repression und Migration (Studien zur Orientalischen Kirchengeschichte 13; Münster: LIT).
- Thayil, Thomas (2003). The Latin Christians of Kerala: A Study on Their Origin. Kristu Jyoti Publications. ISBN 81-87370-18-1
- The Land of the Perumals, or Cochin, Its Past and Present – Madras: Gantz Brothers – 1863.
- Thomas, P. J; (1932) "Roman Trade Centres in Malabar", Kerala Society Papers, II.
- Tisserant, E. (1957) Eastern Christianity in India: A History of the Syro-Malabar Church from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Trans. and ed. by E. R. Hambye. Westminster, MD: Newman Press.
- Vellian Jacob (2001) Knanite community: History and culture; Syrian church series; vol. XVII; Jyothi Book House, Kottayam
- Veluthat, K. (1978). Brahmin settlements in Kerala: Historical studies. Calicut: Calicut University, Sandhya Publications.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
- The Syro Malabar Church
- Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (Indian Orthodox Church) Diarsipkan 2008-10-01 di Wayback Machine.
- Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church Diarsipkan 2010-06-10 di Wayback Machine.
- Christians of Kerala Diarsipkan 2012-03-13 di Wayback Machine.
- Population of Christians in India and Kerala based on 2001 report of Indian census Diarsipkan 2013-10-16 di Wayback Machine.
- Syrian christians are in a class of their own South Indian newspaper 31 August 2001 Diarsipkan 2011-07-28 di Wayback Machine.
- The Nasrani Syrian Christian Network
- Project for preserving the manuscripts of the Syrian Christians of Kerala Diarsipkan 2014-08-28 di Wayback Machine.