Persamaan gelombang elektromagnetik

Persamaan gelombang elektromagnetik adalah persamaan diferensial parsial orde dua yang menjelaskan perambatan gelombang elektromagnetik melalui medium atau dalam hampa udara. Persamaan ini adalah bentuk 3 dimensi dari persamaan gelombang. Bentuk homogen dari persamaan ini, dituliskan dalam medan listrik $E$ atau medan magnetik $B$ , dituliskan sebagai:

{\begin{aligned}\left(c^{2}\nabla ^{2}-{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}\right)\mathbf {E} &=\mathbf {0} \\\left(c^{2}\nabla ^{2}-{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}\right)\mathbf {B} &=\mathbf {0} \end{aligned}}

dengan

c={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\mu _{0}\varepsilon _{0}}}}

adalah kecepatan cahaya pada medium dengan permeabilitas ( $μ$ ₀) dan permitivitas ( $ε$ ₀). $\nabla 2$ adalah operator Laplace. Pada hampa udara, $c = 299,792,458$ meter per detik, adalah kecepatan cahaya dalam ruang hampa.^[1] Persamaan gelombang elektromagnetik diturunkan dari Persamaan Maxwell. Perlu diingat bahwa pada sumber-sumber lama, $B$ disebut sebagai densitas fluks magnetik atau induksi magnetik.

Bacaan lanjut

Elektromagnetisme

Artikel jurnal

Maxwell, James Clerk, "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 155, 459-512 (1865). (This article accompanied a December 8, 1864 presentation by Maxwell to the Royal Society.)

Bacaan setingkat sarjana

Griffiths, David J. (1998). Introduction to Electrodynamics (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-805326-X.
Tipler, Paul (2004). Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Electricity, Magnetism, Light, and Elementary Modern Physics (5th ed.). W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-0810-8.
Edward M. Purcell, Electricity and Magnetism (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985). ISBN 0-07-004908-4.
Hermann A. Haus and James R. Melcher, Electromagnetic Fields and Energy (Prentice-Hall, 1989) ISBN 0-13-249020-X.
Banesh Hoffmann, Relativity and Its Roots (Freeman, New York, 1983). ISBN 0-7167-1478-7.
David H. Staelin, Ann W. Morgenthaler, and Jin Au Kong, Electromagnetic Waves (Prentice-Hall, 1994) ISBN 0-13-225871-4.
Charles F. Stevens, The Six Core Theories of Modern Physics, (MIT Press, 1995) ISBN 0-262-69188-4.
Markus Zahn, Electromagnetic Field Theory: a problem solving approach, (John Wiley & Sons, 1979) ISBN 0-471-02198-9

Bacaan setingkat master

Jackson, John D. (1998). Classical Electrodynamics (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0-471-30932-X.
Landau, L. D., The Classical Theory of Fields (Course of Theoretical Physics: Volume 2), (Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, 1987). ISBN 0-08-018176-7.
Maxwell, James C. (1954). A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. Dover. ISBN 0-486-60637-6.
Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne, John Archibald Wheeler, Gravitation, (1970) W.H. Freeman, New York; ISBN 0-7167-0344-0. (Provides a treatment of Maxwell's equations in terms of differential forms.)

Kalkulus vektor

P. C. Matthews Vector Calculus, Springer 1998, ISBN 3-540-76180-2
H. M. Schey, Div Grad Curl and all that: An informal text on vector calculus, 4th edition (W. W. Norton & Company, 2005) ISBN 0-393-92516-1.

Referensi

^ Current practice is to use $c 0$ to denote the speed of light in vacuum according to ISO 31. In the original Recommendation of 1983, the symbol $c$ was used for this purpose. See NIST Special Publication 330, Appendix 2, p. 45 Diarsipkan 2016-06-03 di Wayback Machine.

[1] Current practice is to use $c 0$ to denote the speed of light in vacuum according to ISO 31. In the original Recommendation of 1983, the symbol $c$ was used for this purpose. See NIST Special Publication 330, Appendix 2, p. 45 Diarsipkan 2016-06-03 di Wayback Machine.

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