Polis

Polis (/ˈpɒlɪs/; Yunani: πόλις pengucapan [pólis]), jamak poleis (/ˈpɒleɪz/, πόλεις [póleːs]) secara harfiah artinya adalah kota dalam bahasa Yunani. Istilah tersebut juga dapat memiliki arti badan masyarakat. Dalam historiografi modern, polis biasanya dipakai untuk menyebut negara-kota Yunani kuno, seperti Athena Klasik dan kota-kota sezamannya, dan sering kali diterjemahkan menjadi "kota-negara".

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Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

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Ando, Clifford. 1999. "Was Rome a Polis?". Classical Antiquity 18.1: 5–34.
Brock, R., and S. Hodkinson, eds. 2000. Alternatives to Athens: Varieties of Political Organisation and Community in Ancient Greece. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
Davies, J. K. 1977–1978. "Athenian Citizenship: The Descent Group and the Alternatives." Classical Journal 73.2: 105–121.
Hall, J. M. 2007. "Polis, Community and Ethnic Identity." In The Cambridge companion to Archaic Greece. Edited by H. A. Shapiro, 40–60. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Hansen, M. H., and T. H. Nielsen, eds. 2004. An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
Hansen, M. H. 2006. Polis: An Introduction to the Ancient Greek City-State. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
Hansen, M. H., ed. 1993. The Ancient Greek City-State: Symposium on the Occasion of the 250th Anniversary of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, July 1–4, 1992. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy.
Hansen, M. H. 1999. The Athenian Democracy in the age of Demosthenes: Structure, Principles and Ideology. 2d ed. London: Bristol Classical Press.
Hansen, M. H., ed. 1997. The Polis as an Urban Centre and Political Community. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy.
Jones, N. F. 1987. Public Organization in Ancient Greece: A Documentary Study. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
Kraay, C. M. 1976. Archaic and Classical Greek Coins. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
Osborne, R. 2009. Greece in the Making. 2d ed. London: Routledge.
Millar, F. G. B. 1993. "The Greek City in the Roman Period. In The Ancient Greek City-State: Symposium on the Occasion of the 250th Anniversary of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, July 1–4, 1992. Edited by M. H. Hansen, 232–260. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy.
Polignac, F. de. 1995. Cults, Territory, and the Origins of the Greek City-State. Translated by J. Lloyd. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
van der Vliet, E. 2012. "The Durability and Decline of Democracy in Hellenistic Poleis." Mnemosyne 65.4-5: 771-786.

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Definisi kamus polis di Wikikamus
The Copenhagen Polis Center Diarsipkan 2019-08-21 di Wayback Machine.