Sejarah universal
Sejarah universal adalah karya yang bertujuan untuk presentasi sejarah umat manusia secara keseluruhan, suatu unit yang koheren.[1]
Kronik universal atau Kronik dunia menelusuri sejarah dari awal informasi tertulis tentang kejadian di masa lalu hingga saat ini.[2] Sejarah universal mencakup peristiwa yang terjadi di sepanjang masa dan negara sejauh tindakan perawatan ilmiah mungkin dilakukan.[3]
Sejarah universal dalam tradisi Barat umumnya dibagi menjadi tiga bagian yaitu: kuno, abad pertengahan, dan modern waktu.[4] Pembagian pada periode kuno dan abad pertengahan kurang tajam atau tidak ada dalam historiografi Arab dan Asia. Pandangan sinoptik tentang sejarah universal membuat beberapa sarjana, mulai dengan Karl Jaspers,[5] untuk membedakan Zaman Aksial sinkron dengan "zaman klasik" dari tradisi Barat.[6] Jaspers juga mengusulkan periodisasi yang lebih universal — prasejarah, sejarah, dan sejarah planet. Semua periode sebelumnya yang terkenal sebenarnya adalah bagian dari periode kedua (sejarah) yang merupakan fase sementara yang relatif singkat antara dua periode yang jauh lebih lama.
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Lamprecht, Karl (1905). What is history? Five lectures on the modern science of history. E. A. Andrews (trans.), William Edward Dodd (trans.). New York: Macmillan Co. hlm. 181–227. OCLC 1169422.
Carl Ploetz. 1883. Epitome of ancient, mediaeval and modern history. Introduction, pages ix–xii.
Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, James Elphinston. An universal history: from the beginning of the world, to the Empire of Charlemagne. R. Moore, 1810. page 1-6 (introduction) - ^ History begins at the point where monuments become intelligible and documentary evidence of a trustworthy character is fortheoming but from this point onwards the domain is boundless for Universal History as understood. (Universal history: the oldest historical group of nations and the Greeks by Leopold von Ranke. Preface, pg. x)
- ^ Leopold von Ranke. Universal history: the oldest historical group of nations and the Greeks. Scribner, 1884. An epitome of universal history by A. Harding. Page 1.
- ^ H. M. Cottinger. Elements of universal history for higher institutes in republics and for self-instruction. Charles H. Whiting, 1884. pg. 1+.
- ^ The Origin and Goal of History, (London: Yale University Press, 1949).
- ^ Samuel N. Eisenstadt, Axial Age Civilizations, (New York: New York State University Press, 1986).
Bacaan lebih lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Pre-1920s books
- History, Its Theory and Practice - Benedetto Croce, Douglas Ainslie.
- Compendium of Chronicles. Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb
- George Crabb. Universal Historical Dictionary. Baldwin and Cradock, 1833
- An universal history: in twenty-four books, Volume 1 By Johannes von Müller, James Cowles Prichard
- Bonnaud, Robert, The System of History, Fayard 1989, 334 pages (not yet translated).
- Guha, Ranajit, "History at the Limit of World-History" (Italian Academy Lectures), Columbia University Press 2002.
- Sale, George, Archibald Bower, and George Psalmanazar, "An Universal History, from the Earliest Account of Time". Millar, 1747.
- Wilson, Horace Hayman, "A manual of universal history and chronology". 1835.
- Jones, Lynds Eugene, George Palmer Putnam, and Simeon Strunsky, "Tabular Views of Universal History". G. P. Putnam's sons, 1907. 313 pages.
- Fisher, George Park, "Outlines of Universal History". Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, and company, 1885. 674 pages.
- Georg Weber, "Outlines of Universal History: From the Creation of the World to the Present Time". Hickling, Swan and Brewer, 1859. 559 pages. (ed. Translated by M. Behr).
- Ollier, Edmund, "Cassell's illustrated universal history" Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co., 1885.
- Clare, Israel Smith, "Library of Universal History". R. S. Peale, J. A. Hill, 1897.
- Recent foreign history. R. S. Peale, J. A. Hill, 1897.
- Egypt's Place in Universal History: An Historical Investigation in Five Books - Christian Karl Josias Freiherr von Bunsen, Samuel Birch, Philo (of Byblos.).
- A chronological table of universal history extending from the earliest times to the year 1892. Louis Heilprin.
- World history in a concise representation. Georg Weber - German
- An Introduction to the Study of Universal History. John Stoddart
- Hegel, GWF. Philosophy of Right. TM Knox, tr. Oxford UP: New York, 1967. para. 341-360 (pp. 216–223). As a point of clarification, Hegel writes of World History, although this is somewhat identical to Universal History.
- Kant, Immanuel. “Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Point of View.” In Philosophical Writings. Ernest Behler, ed. Lewis W Beck, tr. Continuum: New York, 1986. pp. 249–262.
- Post-1920s books
- A Study of History by Arnold Toynbee.
- The Outline of History by Herbert Wells.
- The Philosophy of History by Karl Jaspers.
- Mink, Louis O. “Narrative Form as a Cognitive Instrument.” In Historical Understanding. Brian Fay, et al., eds. Cornell UP: Ithaca, 1987. pp. 182–203.
- White, Hayden. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Johns Hopkins UP, 1975.
- D Christian. "The return of universal history." History and Theory 49.4 (2010): 6-27. DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2303.2010.00557.x
- George Park Fisher. Outlines of Universal History Designed as a Text Book and for Private Reading. Kessinger Publishing, Jun 1, 2004.
- The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community. By William H. McNeill.
- The End of History and the Last Man by Francis Fukuyama.
- Teaching & Researching Big History: Exploring a New Scholarly Field, International Big History Association, 2014.
- Patents
- U.S. Patent 1.406.173, Chart for Teaching Universal History, Nov 1, 1920.
- Websites
- "List of Historical Works of Universal History". (Visual tour)
- "World History Atlas & Timelines since 3000 BC". (Geacron)