Sinema Jerman
| Sinema Jerman | |
|---|---|
 Bioskop Wintergarten Berlin adalah tempat dari sinema pertama, dengan sebuah film pendek yang dipersembahkan oleh Skladanowsky bersaudara pada 1 November 1895 | |
| Jumlah layar | 4,637 (2014)[1] |
| • Per kapita | 6.2 per 100,000 (2011)[2] |
| Distributor utama | Warner 19.5% Walt Disney 11.5% Sony Pictures 11.1%[3] |
| Film fitur yang diproduksi (2011)[4] | |
| Fiksi | 128 (60.4%) |
| Animasi | 5 (2.4%) |
| Dokumenter | 79 (37.3%) |
| Jumlah admisi (2014)[1] | |
| Total | 121,740,690 |
| • Per kapita | 1.50 (2014) |
| Film nasional | 32,100,000 (26,7%) |
| Keuntungan Box Office (2014)[1] | |
| Total | €980 juta |
Sinema Jerman merujuk kepada industri film yang berbasis di Jerman dan telah diperdagangkan pada akhir abad ke-19. Sinema Jerman membuat kontribusi artistik dan teknikan utama dalam bidang film pada 1918-1933.
Tidak seperti sinema nasional lainnya, yang dikembangkan dalam sistem politik yang stabil dan relatif berkelanjutan, sinema Jerman mengalami perubahan-perubahan besar dengan identitasnya pada abad ke-20. Perubahan-perubahan tersebut dikarenakan periodisasi sinema nasional sampai keberhasilan pada zaman dan gerakan yang berbeda.[5]
Bacaan tambahan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bergfelder, Tim, et al. eds. The German Cinema Book (2008)
- Blaney, Martin. Symbiosis or Confrontation? (Bonn, 1992)
- Brockman, Stephen. A Critical History of German Film (2011)
- Garncarz, Joseph, and Annemone Ligensa, eds. The Cinema of Germany (Wallflower Press, distributed by Columbia University Press; 2012) 264 pages; analyses of 24 works from silent movies to such contemporary films as "Good Bye, Lenin!"
- Hake, Sabine. German National Cinema (2002; 2nd ed. 2008)
- Heiduschke, Sebastian. East German Cinema: DEFA and Film History (2013)
- Hoffman, Kay 1990 Am Ende Video – Video am Ende? Berlin
- Kapczynski, Jennifer M. and Michael D. Richardson, eds. (2012) A New History of German Cinema (Rochester Camden House, 2012) 673 pp. online review
- Kracauer, Siegfried. (2004) From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Film. Princeton: Univ. of Princeton Press. ISBN 0-691-11519-2
- Schneider, Irmela 1990 Film, Fernsehen & Co. Heidelberg.
- Fay, Jennifer. 2008. Theaters of Occupation: Hollywood and the Reeducation of Postwar Germany. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-4745-3
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b c "Marktdaten - Kinoergebnisse". FFA - Filmförderungsanstalt. Diakses tanggal 25 Maret 2015.
- ^ "Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure - Capacity". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-25. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2013.
- ^ "Table 6: Share of Top 3 distributors (Excel)". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-24. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2013.
- ^ "Table 1: Feature Film Production - Genre/Method of Shooting". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-24. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2013.
- ^ Pam Cook (2007). The Cinema Book. London: British Film Institute. hlm. 207. ISBN 978-1-84457-192-5.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- German Film History Diarsipkan 2005-12-28 di Wayback Machine.
- Bavaria Film German Film & TV Producer Bavaria Film
- Biographies and autographs of the early German film era
- Web portal on German film of the Goethe-Institut – Articles and news on German filmmakers, movies, festivals
- 7 Thought Provoking German Films A look at thought-provoking modern German cinema
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