Ribosomal s6 kinase: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 11 Januari 2023 05.37

Kinase ribosomal s6 (bahasa Inggris: ribosomal s6 kinase, A-kinase; AP50 kinase; ATP-protein transphosphorylase; calcium-dependent protein kinase C; calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase; cAMP-dependent protein kinase; cAMP-dependent protein kinase A; casein kinase; casein kinase (phosphorylating); casein kinase 2; casein kinase I; casein kinase II; cGMP-dependent protein kinase; CK-2; CKI; CKII; cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase; cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A; cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase; cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase; cyclin-dependent kinase; cytidine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-responsive protein kinase; dsk1; glycogen synthase a kinase; glycogen synthase kinase; HIPK2; Hpr kinase; hydroxyalkyl-protein kinase; hydroxyalkyl-protein kinase; M phase-specific cdc2 kinase; mitogen-activated S6 kinase; p82 kinase; phosphorylase b kinase kinase; PKA; protein glutamyl kinase; protein kinase (phosphorylating); protein kinase A; protein kinase CK2; protein kinase p58; protein phosphokinase; protein serine kinase; protein serine-threonine kinase; Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf, proto-oncogene B-Raf, p94, v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1, protein-aspartyl kinase; protein-cysteine kinase; protein-serine kinase; Prp4 protein kinase; Raf kinase; Raf-1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase II; ribosomal S6 protein kinase; serine kinase; serine protein kinase; serine-specific protein kinase; serine(threonine) protein kinase; serine/threonine protein kinase; STK32; T-antigen kinase; threonine-specific protein kinase; twitchin kinase; type-2 casein kinase; βIIPKC; ε PKC; Wee 1-like kinase; Wee-kinase; WEE1Hu, Rsk, EC 2.7.11.1)^[1] adalah kinase protein yang mempercepat reaksi fosforilasi pada residu serina/treonina dan teraktivasi melalui lintasan MAPK/ERK. Terdapat dua jenis Rsk, p90^rsk atau MAPK-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPKAP-K1) dan p70^rsk atau S6-H1 Kinase atau S6K. Manusia memiliki 4 ekspresi Rsk,^[2] yaitu RSK-1, RSK-2, RSK-3, RSK-4.

Rsk banyak dijumpai pada inti sel, sitoplasma dan membran plasma, terutama pada sel otak dan testis.^[3] Pada sistem saraf, Rsk diketahui mempercepat fosforilasi pada protein pro-apoptotik BAD pada serina residu 112, baik in vitro maupun in vivo.^[4] Fosforilasi ini mencegah apoptosis neuron yang dimediasi oleh BAD. Katalisasi Rsk juga terjadi pada faktor transkripsi CREB pada serina 133. Fosforilasi CREB berfungsi guna kelangsungan hidup sel, dan terhambatnya fosforilasi ini akan menginduksi apoptosis.

RSK-2, ketika teraktivasi, akan bermigrasi menuju ke dalam inti sel dan menkatalis berbagai protein inti seperti c-Fos, Elk-1, histon, CREB, ATF-4 dan p53.^[2] Pada hewan tikus, terhambatnya RSK-2 meredakan terbentuknya osteosarkoma yang bergantung pada c-Fos. Sedangkan senyawa SL-0101 yang merupakan ekstrak tumbuhan tropis Forsteronia refracta dapat menghambat aktivitas RSK-2 dan menekan proliferasi sel kanker payudara MCF-7 dan sel kanker prostat LNCaP. Mutasi genetik RSK-2 akan menyebabkan penyimpangan pada lintasan MAPK/Rsk hingga menginduksi sindrom Coffin-Lowry.^[5]

Rujukan

^ (Inggris) "EC 2.7.11.1". Queen Mary University of London. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-09.
^ ^a ^b (Inggris) "Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 Is a Key Regulator in Tumor Promoter–Induced Cell Transformation". Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota; Yong-Yeon Cho, Ke Yao, Hong-Gyum Kim, Bong Seok Kang, Duo Zheng, Ann M. Bode, dan Zigang Dong. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-09.
^ (Inggris) "P15056 (BRAF_HUMAN) Reviewed". UniProt. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-13.
^ (Inggris) [Cell survival promoted by the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway by transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms "Humoral Immunity"] Periksa nilai |url= (bantuan). Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School; Bonni A, Brunet A, West AE, Datta SR, Takasu MA, Greenberg ME. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-09.
^ (Inggris) "Mutations in the kinase Rsk-2 associated with Coffin-Lowry syndrome". Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Trivier E, De Cesare D, Jacquot S, Pannetier S, Zackai E, Young I, Mandel JL, Sassone-Corsi P, Hanauer A. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-09.

Artikel bertopik biokimia ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] (Inggris) "EC 2.7.11.1". Queen Mary University of London. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-09.

[AACR67178104-2] (Inggris) "Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 Is a Key Regulator in Tumor Promoter–Induced Cell Transformation". Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota; Yong-Yeon Cho, Ke Yao, Hong-Gyum Kim, Bong Seok Kang, Duo Zheng, Ann M. Bode, dan Zigang Dong. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-09.

[3] (Inggris) "P15056 (BRAF_HUMAN) Reviewed". UniProt. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-13.

[4] (Inggris) [Cell survival promoted by the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway by transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms "Humoral Immunity"] Periksa nilai |url= (bantuan). Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School; Bonni A, Brunet A, West AE, Datta SR, Takasu MA, Greenberg ME. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-09.

[5] (Inggris) "Mutations in the kinase Rsk-2 associated with Coffin-Lowry syndrome". Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Trivier E, De Cesare D, Jacquot S, Pannetier S, Zackai E, Young I, Mandel JL, Sassone-Corsi P, Hanauer A. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-09.

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@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
-'''Kinase ribosomal s6''' ({{lang-en|ribosomal s6 kinase, A-kinase; AP50 kinase; ATP-protein transphosphorylase; calcium-dependent protein kinase C; calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase; cAMP-dependent protein kinase; cAMP-dependent protein kinase A; casein kinase; casein kinase (phosphorylating); casein kinase 2; casein kinase I; casein kinase II; cGMP-dependent protein kinase; CK-2; CKI; CKII; cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase; cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A; cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase; cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase; cyclin-dependent kinase; cytidine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-responsive protein kinase; dsk1; glycogen synthase a kinase; glycogen synthase kinase; HIPK2; Hpr kinase; hydroxyalkyl-protein kinase; hydroxyalkyl-protein kinase; M phase-specific cdc2 kinase; mitogen-activated S6 kinase; p82 kinase; phosphorylase b kinase kinase; PKA; protein glutamyl kinase; protein kinase (phosphorylating); protein kinase A; protein kinase CK2; protein kinase p58; protein phosphokinase; protein serine kinase; protein serine-threonine kinase; Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf, proto-oncogene B-Raf, p94, v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1, protein-aspartyl kinase; protein-cysteine kinase; protein-serine kinase; Prp4 protein kinase; Raf kinase; Raf-1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase II; ribosomal S6 protein kinase; serine kinase; serine protein kinase; serine-specific protein kinase; serine(threonine) protein kinase; serine/threonine protein kinase; STK32; T-antigen kinase; threonine-specific protein kinase; twitchin kinase; type-2 casein kinase; βIIPKC; ε PKC; Wee 1-like kinase; Wee-kinase; WEE1Hu, Rsk, EC 2.7.11.1}})<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC2/7/11/1.html|title=EC 2.7.11.1|accessdate=2011-07-09|work=Queen Mary University of London}}</ref> adalah [[kinase protein]] yang mempercepat reaksi [[fosforilasi]] pada residu [[serina]]/[[treonina]] dan teraktivasi melalui [[lintasan metabolisme|lintasan]] [[Kinase MAP|MAPK]]/ERK. Terdapat dua jenis Rsk, p90<sup>rsk</sup> atau ''MAPK-activated protein kinase-1'' (MAPKAP-K1) dan p70<sup>rsk</sup> atau S6-H1 Kinase atau S6K. [[Manusia]] memiliki 4 [[ekspresi genetik|ekspresi]] Rsk,<ref name="AACR67178104">{{en}}{{cite web
+'''Kinase ribosomal s6''' ({{lang-en|ribosomal s6 kinase, A-kinase; AP50 kinase; ATP-protein transphosphorylase; calcium-dependent protein kinase C; calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase; cAMP-dependent protein kinase; cAMP-dependent protein kinase A; casein kinase; casein kinase (phosphorylating); casein kinase 2; casein kinase I; casein kinase II; cGMP-dependent protein kinase; CK-2; CKI; CKII; cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase; cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A; cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase; cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase; cyclin-dependent kinase; cytidine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-responsive protein kinase; dsk1; glycogen synthase a kinase; glycogen synthase kinase; HIPK2; Hpr kinase; hydroxyalkyl-protein kinase; hydroxyalkyl-protein kinase; M phase-specific cdc2 kinase; mitogen-activated S6 kinase; p82 kinase; phosphorylase b kinase kinase; PKA; protein glutamyl kinase; protein kinase (phosphorylating); protein kinase A; protein kinase CK2; protein kinase p58; protein phosphokinase; protein serine kinase; protein serine-threonine kinase; Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf, proto-oncogene B-Raf, p94, v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1, protein-aspartyl kinase; protein-cysteine kinase; protein-serine kinase; Prp4 protein kinase; Raf kinase; Raf-1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase II; ribosomal S6 protein kinase; serine kinase; serine protein kinase; serine-specific protein kinase; serine(threonine) protein kinase; serine/threonine protein kinase; STK32; T-antigen kinase; threonine-specific protein kinase; twitchin kinase; type-2 casein kinase; βIIPKC; ε PKC; Wee 1-like kinase; Wee-kinase; WEE1Hu, Rsk, EC 2.7.11.1}})<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC2/7/11/1.html|title=EC 2.7.11.1|accessdate=2011-07-09|work=Queen Mary University of London}}</ref> adalah [[kinase protein]] yang mempercepat reaksi [[fosforilasi]] pada residu [[serina]]/[[treonina]] dan teraktivasi melalui [[lintasan metabolisme|lintasan]] [[Kinase MAP|MAPK]]/ERK. Terdapat dua jenis Rsk, p90<sup>rsk</sup> atau ''MAPK-activated protein kinase-1'' (MAPKAP-K1) dan p70<sup>rsk</sup> atau S6-H1 Kinase atau S6K. [[Manusia]] memiliki 4 [[ekspresi genetik|ekspresi]] Rsk,<ref name="AACR67178104">{{en}} {{cite web
 | url          = http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/67/17/8104.full
 | title        = Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 Is a Key Regulator in Tumor Promoter–Induced Cell Transformation
@@ Baris 6: / Baris 6: @@
 }}</ref> yaitu RSK-1, RSK-2, RSK-3, RSK-4.
-Rsk banyak dijumpai pada [[inti sel]], [[sitoplasma]] dan [[membran plasma]], terutama pada sel [[otak]] dan [[testis]].<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
+Rsk banyak dijumpai pada [[inti sel]], [[sitoplasma]] dan [[membran plasma]], terutama pada sel [[otak]] dan [[testis]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
 | url          = http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P15056
 | title        = P15056 (BRAF_HUMAN) Reviewed
 | accessdate   = 2011-07-13
 | work         = UniProt
-}}</ref> Pada [[sistem saraf]], Rsk diketahui mempercepat fosforilasi pada [[protein]] pro-[[apoptosis|apoptotik]] [[BAD]] pada [[serina]] residu 112, baik ''in vitro'' maupun ''in vivo''.<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
+}}</ref> Pada [[sistem saraf]], Rsk diketahui mempercepat fosforilasi pada [[protein]] pro-[[apoptosis|apoptotik]] [[BAD]] pada [[serina]] residu 112, baik ''in vitro'' maupun ''in vivo''.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
 | url          = Cell survival promoted by the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway by transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms
 | title        = Humoral Immunity
 | accessdate   = 2011-07-09
 | work         = Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School; Bonni A, Brunet A, West AE, Datta SR, Takasu MA, Greenberg ME.
-}}</ref> Fosforilasi ini mencegah apoptosis [[neuron]] yang dimediasi oleh BAD. [[Katalis|Katalisasi]] Rsk juga terjadi pada [[faktor transkripsi]] [[CREB]] pada serina 133. Fosforilasi CREB berfungsi guna kelangsungan hidup sel, dan terhambatnya fosforilasi ini akan menginduksi [[apoptosis]].
+}}</ref> Fosforilasi ini mencegah apoptosis [[neuron]] yang dimediasi oleh BAD. [[Katalis]]asi Rsk juga terjadi pada [[faktor transkripsi]] [[CREB]] pada serina 133. Fosforilasi CREB berfungsi guna kelangsungan hidup sel, dan terhambatnya fosforilasi ini akan menginduksi [[apoptosis]].
-RSK-2, ketika teraktivasi, akan bermigrasi menuju ke dalam [[inti sel]] dan menkatalis berbagai protein inti seperti [[c-Fos]], [[Elk-1]], [[histon]], CREB, [[ATF-4]] dan [[p53]].<ref name="AACR67178104" /> Pada [[hewan]] [[tikus]], terhambatnya RSK-2 meredakan terbentuknya [[osteosarkoma]] yang bergantung pada c-Fos. Sedangkan senyawa [[SL-0101]] yang merupakan ekstrak tumbuhan tropis [[Forsteronia refracta]] dapat menghambat aktivitas RSK-2 dan menekan [[proliferasi]] [[sel (biologi)|sel]] [[kanker payudara]] [[sel MCF-7|MCF-7]] dan sel [[kanker prostat]] [[sel LNCap|LNCaP]]. [[Mutasi]] [[gen|genetik]] RSK-2 akan menyebabkan penyimpangan pada [[lintasan metabolisme|lintasan]] [[Kinase MAP|MAPK]]/Rsk hingga menginduksi [[sindrom Coffin-Lowry]].<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
+RSK-2, ketika teraktivasi, akan bermigrasi menuju ke dalam [[inti sel]] dan menkatalis berbagai protein inti seperti [[c-Fos]], [[Elk-1]], [[histon]], CREB, [[ATF-4]] dan [[p53]].<ref name="AACR67178104" /> Pada [[hewan]] [[tikus]], terhambatnya RSK-2 meredakan terbentuknya [[osteosarkoma]] yang bergantung pada c-Fos. Sedangkan senyawa [[SL-0101]] yang merupakan ekstrak tumbuhan tropis [[Forsteronia refracta]] dapat menghambat aktivitas RSK-2 dan menekan [[proliferasi]] [[sel (biologi)|sel]] [[kanker payudara]] [[sel MCF-7|MCF-7]] dan sel [[kanker prostat]] [[sel LNCap|LNCaP]]. [[Mutasi]] [[gen]]etik RSK-2 akan menyebabkan penyimpangan pada [[lintasan metabolisme|lintasan]] [[Kinase MAP|MAPK]]/Rsk hingga menginduksi [[sindrom Coffin-Lowry]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
 | url          = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8955270
 | title        = Mutations in the kinase Rsk-2 associated with Coffin-Lowry syndrome.
@@ Baris 24: / Baris 24: @@
 | work         = Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Trivier E, De Cesare D, Jacquot S, Pannetier S, Zackai E, Young I, Mandel JL, Sassone-Corsi P, Hanauer A.
 }}</ref>
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