Garis besar globalisasi: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 11 Desember 2023 20.59

Garis besar berikut merupakan tinjauan dan panduan topik globalisasi:

Globalisasi adalah proses integrasi internasional yang terjadi berkat pertukaran pandangan dunia, produk, pemikiran, atau aspek budaya lainnya.^[1]^[2] Kemajuan sarana transportasi dan telekomunikasi, termasuk Internet, merupakan faktor pendorong utama globalisasi yang menciptakan interdependensi ekonomi dan budaya.^[3] Proses globalisasi memengaruhi dan dipengaruhi oleh bisnis dan organisasi pekerjaan, ekonomi, sumber daya sosial-budaya, dan lingkungan alam.

Studi global[sunting | sunting sumber]

Studi global adalah studi akademik interdisipliner dan multidisipliner terhadap kekuatan dan tren global. Studi global juga mencakup pemaaman satu aspek globalisasi atau lebih, namun lebih berfkus pada bagaimana tren global menata ulang hubungan antarnegara, organisasi, masyarakat, komunitas, dan individu, menciptakan tantangan-tantangan baru yang tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh negara atau pasar sendirian.^[4] Studi faktor-faktor pemicu globalisasi berasal dari berbagai disiplin ilmu seperti ilmu politik, ekonomi, sosiologi, dan lain-lain.

Sejarah[sunting | sunting sumber]

Animasi peta yang menampilkan perkembangan imperium kolonial sejak 1492 sampai sekarang

Sejarah globalisasi umumnya dibagi menjadi tiga periode: kuno, proto-globalisasi, dan modern.

Periode kuno ditetapkan sebagai peristiwa dan perkembangan yang terjadi sejak peradaban pertama sampai tahun 1600.
Periode proto-globalisasi kira-kira terjadi antara tahun 1600 dan 1800. Proto-globalisasi didorong oleh kolonialisme.
Periode globalisasi modern bermula pada abad ke-19 sampai saat ini. Imperialisme dan industrialisasi menjadi pendorong kekuatan dan tren global modern.

Konsep globalisasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Teori globalisasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Karena globalisasi bukan fenomena independen, melainkan fenomena yang sangat terkait dengan pandangan dunia, produk, pemikiran, dan aspek budaya lainnya, penjelasan mengenai sebab globalisasi terjadi dan dampak globalisasi berkaitan dengan sejumlah teori mulai dari pembangunan ekonomi sampai sosialisme revolusioner.

Istilah globalisasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Istilah globalisasi (kategori)

Indeks globalisasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Aspek globalisasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Organisasi bisnis global[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pembangunan bisnis internasional dan organisasi bisnis dan perdagangan dunia merupakan aspek-aspek dasar globalisasi dan perkembangan sistem global.

Globalisasi ekonomi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Globalisasi ekonomi adalah peningkatan interdependensi ekonomi nasional dengan seluruh dunia melalui percepatan pergerakan barang, jasa, teknologi, dan modal lintas perbatasan. Aktivitas ekonomi internasional dan lembaga yang memengaruhi atau menjadi ciri khas globalisasi ekonomi meliputi:

Globalisasi sosial-budaya[sunting | sunting sumber]

Semua aspek globalisasi pada dasarnya bersifat sosial-budaya. Di sini dijabarkan aspek-aspek globalisasi budaya, termasuk keragaman budaya, homogenisasi budaya dan dampaknya, serta multikulturalisme, multilingualisme, kewarganegaraan global, pemerintahan global, dan perkembangan politik dan gerakan sosial lain yang terkait dengan globalisasi.

Globalisasi tenaga kerja[sunting | sunting sumber]

Seiring globalisasi bisnis, muncullah pembagian tenaga kerja spasial baru yang terjadi ketika proses produksi tidak lagi terkurung perbatasan negara dan tenaga kerja dapat diambil dari berbagai wilayah dunia. Tenaga kerja global memiliki macam-macam dampak, mulai dari kebijakan imigrasi sampai hak asasi manusia dan hak tenaga kerja.

Lingkungan alam global[sunting | sunting sumber]

Lingkungan alam berbeda dengan lingkungan terbangun yang terdiri dari wilayah dan komponen yang dipengaruhi manusia. Di era globalisasi, sedikit sekali lingkungan alami yang tersisa. Tantangan manusia terhadap lingkungan alam seperti perubahan iklim, polusi air dan udara lintas perbatasan, pemancingan berlebihan di lautan, dan persebaran spesies invasif memerlukan solusi transnasional dan solusi global.

Isu globalisasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Proses globalisasi membanjiri manusia dengan berbagai masalah yang sulit ditangani oleh sebuah kebudayaan, masyarakat, atau beberapa masyarakat.

Tempat[sunting | sunting sumber]

Organisasi globalisasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Organisasi globalisasi (kategori)
- Organisasi lingkungan global (kategori)
- Organisasi kebijakan global (kategori)
  - Kategori:Organisasi antarpemerintah
  - Kategori:Lembaga swadaya masyarakat internasional
- Organisasi perdagangan dan profesional global (kategori)
- Organisasi tenaga kerja global (kategori)
- Organisasi kesehatan internasional (kategori)
Kewirausahaan sosial (kategori)

Daftar tentang globalisasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Karya tentang globalisasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Karya tentang globalisasi (kategori)
Buku tentang globalisasi (kategori)
Film dokumenter tentang globalisasi (kategori)
Seri tentang globalisasi (kategori)
- Daftar jurnal globalisasi

Tokoh globalisasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Penulis globalisasi (kategori)
- Kategori:Penulis anti-globalisasi
- Kategori:Ilmuwan sistem dunia

Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Al-Rodhan, R.F. Nayef and Gérard Stoudmann. (2006). Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition. Diarsipkan 2012-11-19 di Wayback Machine.
^ Albrow, Martin and Elizabeth King (eds.) (1990). Globalization, Knowledge and Society London: Sage. ISBN 978-0-8039-8324-3 p. 8. "...all those processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a single world society."
^ Stever, H. Guyford (1972). "Science, Systems, and Society." Journal of Cybernetics, 2(3):1-3. DOI:10.1080/01969727208542909
^ Harth, Chris. (2005). 'Struggling to Grasp a Moving Target: Global Studies in the US and Emergent International Landscapes.' Diarsipkan 2016-03-04 di Wayback Machine. Interim Report Prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC.
^ "Aggregate Demand, Instability and Growth" Review of Keynesian Economics, January 2013 (see also this review of the paper)
^ Berg, Andrew G.; Ostry, Jonathan D. (2011). "Equality and Efficiency". Finance and Development. International Monetary Fund. 48 (3). Diakses tanggal September 10, 2012.

Bacaan lanjutan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Barbara, Christopher (2008). International legal personality: Panacea or pandemonium? Theorizing about the individual and the state in the era of globalization. Saarbrücken: Verlag Dr. Müller. ISBN 3-639-11514-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-06-18. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-21.
von Braun, Joachim; Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla (2007). Globalization of Food and Agriculture and the Poor. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-569528-1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-28. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-21.
Carpenter, John. "Puritan Missions as Globalization," Fides et Historia. 31:2, 1999 pp. 103–123.
Chanda, Nayan (2007). Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Warriors and Adventurers Shaped Globalization. Yale University Press, New Haven. ISBN 978-0-300-11201-6.
Fernando, Salvetti (ed.) (2010). "Glocal" Working. Living and Working across the World with Cultural Intelligence. Milan: Franco Angeli. ISBN 978-88-568-2733-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-04-20. Diakses tanggal 2021-05-02.
Glyn, Andrew (2006). Capitalism Unleashed: Finance, Globalization, and Welfare. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-922679-2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-12-26. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-21.
Kitching, Gavin (2001). Seeking Social Justice through Globalization. Escaping a Nationalist Perspective. Penn State Press. ISBN 0-271-02162-4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-11-28. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-21.
Kohler, Gernot (2003). Globalization: Critical Perspectives. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 1-59033-346-2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-07-11. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-21. With contributions by Samir Amin, Christopher Chase-Dunn, Andre Gunder Frank, Immanuel Wallerstein
Mander, Jerry; Edward Goldsmith (1996). The case against the global economy: and for a turn toward the local. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. ISBN 0-87156-865-9.
Moore, Karl; David Charles Lewis (2009). Origins of Globalization. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-80598-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-11-07. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-21.
Murray, Warwick E. (2006). Geographies of Globalization. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-31799-1.
Neumann, Iver B.; Ole Jacob Sending (2010). Governing the Global Polity: Practice, Mentality, Rationality. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-07093-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-14. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-21.
Osterhammel, Jürgen; Niels P. Petersson (2005). Globalization: A Short History. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12165-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-07. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-21.
Pfister, Ulrich (2012). Globalization. Mainz: Institute of European History,. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-28. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-21.
Reinsdorf, Marshall and Matthew J. Slaughter (2009). International Trade in Services and Intangibles in the Era of Globalization. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-70959-8.
Sen, Amartya (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0375406190.
Sirkin, Harold L (2008). Globality: Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything. New York: Business Plus. hlm. 292. ISBN 0-446-17829-2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-09-23. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-21.
Smith, Charles (2007). International Trade and Globalisation, 3rd edition. Stocksfield: Anforme. ISBN 1-905504-10-1.
Steger, Manfred (2002). Globalism: the new market ideology. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 0-7425-0072-1.
Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2002). Globalization and Its Discontents. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-32439-7.
Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2006). Making Globalization Work. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-06122-1.
Tausch, Arno (2008). Multicultural Europe: Effects of the Global Lisbon Process. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60456-806-6.
Osle, Rafael Domingo (2010). The New Global Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521193870.
Wolf, Martin (2004). Why Globalization Works. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10252-9.

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Cari tahu mengenai Globalization pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:
	Definisi dan terjemahan dari Wiktionary
	Gambar dan media dari Commons
	Berita dari Wikinews
	Kutipan dari Wikiquote
	Teks sumber dari Wikisource
	Buku dari Wikibuku

Comprehensive discussion of the term at the Site Global Transformations Diarsipkan 2009-10-12 di Portuguese Web Archive
Globalization Website (Emory University) Links, Debates, Glossary etc. Diarsipkan 2011-10-26 di Wayback Machine.
BBC News Special Report – "Globalisation" Diarsipkan 2009-01-11 di Wayback Machine.
"Resilience, Panarchy, and World-Systems Analysis" Diarsipkan 2007-09-28 di Wayback Machine., from the Ecology and Society Journal
"Globalization" Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Diarsipkan 2010-07-09 di Wayback Machine. Analysis of the idea and its history.
OECD Globalization statistics Diarsipkan 2023-07-20 di Wayback Machine.
"Globalization" Diarsipkan 2013-06-12 di Wayback Machine., from The Canadian Encyclopedia
YaleGlobal Online Diarsipkan 2021-06-20 di Wayback Machine.
Global 3000 Diarsipkan 2015-06-21 di Wayback Machine. Globalization Program by Deutsche Welle-TV

Templat:Garis besar

[GCSP-1] Al-Rodhan, R.F. Nayef and Gérard Stoudmann. (2006). Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition. Diarsipkan 2012-11-19 di Wayback Machine.

[Albrow-2] Albrow, Martin and Elizabeth King (eds.) (1990). Globalization, Knowledge and Society London: Sage. ISBN 978-0-8039-8324-3 p. 8. "...all those processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a single world society."

[Stever_1972-3] Stever, H. Guyford (1972). "Science, Systems, and Society." Journal of Cybernetics, 2(3):1-3. DOI:10.1080/01969727208542909

[4] Harth, Chris. (2005). 'Struggling to Grasp a Moving Target: Global Studies in the US and Emergent International Landscapes.' Diarsipkan 2016-03-04 di Wayback Machine. Interim Report Prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC.

[5] "Aggregate Demand, Instability and Growth" Review of Keynesian Economics, January 2013 (see also this review of the paper)

[BergOstryEE-6] Berg, Andrew G.; Ostry, Jonathan D. (2011). "Equality and Efficiency". Finance and Development. International Monetary Fund. 48 (3). Diakses tanggal September 10, 2012.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Baris 4: / Baris 4: @@
 [[Garis besar]] berikut merupakan tinjauan dan panduan topik globalisasi:
-'''[[Globalisasi]]''' adalah proses integrasi internasional yang terjadi berkat pertukaran [[pandangan dunia]], produk, pemikiran, atau aspek [[budaya]] lainnya.<ref name=GCSP>Al-Rodhan, R.F. Nayef and Gérard Stoudmann. (2006). [http://www.sustainablehistory.com/articles/definitions-of-globalization.pdf Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119215401/http://www.sustainablehistory.com/articles/definitions-of-globalization.pdf |date=2012-11-19 }}</ref><ref name=Albrow>Albrow, Martin and Elizabeth King (eds.) (1990). ''Globalization, Knowledge and Society ''London: Sage. ISBN 978-0-8039-8324-3 p. 8. "...all those processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a single world society."</ref> Kemajuan sarana [[transportasi]] dan [[telekomunikasi]], termasuk [[Internet]], merupakan faktor pendorong utama globalisasi yang menciptakan [[interdependensi]] ekonomi dan budaya.<ref name=Stever_1972>Stever, H. Guyford (1972). "Science, Systems, and Society." ''Journal of Cybernetics'', 2(3):1-3. {{doi|10.1080/01969727208542909}}</ref> Proses globalisasi memengaruhi dan dipengaruhi oleh [[bisnis]] dan organisasi [[tenaga kerja (ekonomi)|pekerjaan]], [[ekonomi]], sumber daya [[masyarakat|sosial]]-[[budaya]], dan [[lingkungan alam]].
+'''[[Globalisasi]]''' adalah proses integrasi internasional yang terjadi berkat pertukaran [[pandangan dunia]], produk, pemikiran, atau aspek [[budaya]] lainnya.<ref name=GCSP>Al-Rodhan, R.F. Nayef and Gérard Stoudmann. (2006). [http://www.sustainablehistory.com/articles/definitions-of-globalization.pdf Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119215401/http://www.sustainablehistory.com/articles/definitions-of-globalization.pdf |date=2012-11-19 }}</ref><ref name="Albrow">Albrow, Martin and Elizabeth King (eds.) (1990). ''Globalization, Knowledge and Society ''London: Sage. ISBN 978-0-8039-8324-3 p. 8. "...all those processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a single world society."</ref> Kemajuan sarana [[transportasi]] dan [[telekomunikasi]], termasuk [[Internet]], merupakan faktor pendorong utama globalisasi yang menciptakan [[interdependensi]] ekonomi dan budaya.<ref name=Stever_1972>Stever, H. Guyford (1972). "Science, Systems, and Society." ''Journal of Cybernetics'', 2(3):1-3. {{doi|10.1080/01969727208542909}}</ref> Proses globalisasi memengaruhi dan dipengaruhi oleh [[bisnis]] dan organisasi [[tenaga kerja (ekonomi)|pekerjaan]], [[ekonomi]], sumber daya [[masyarakat|sosial]]-[[budaya]], dan [[lingkungan alam]].
 {{TOC limit|limit=2}}
@@ Baris 13: / Baris 13: @@
 [[Berkas:World citizen badge.svg|jmpl|150px|Lencana [[warga dunia]]]]
-[[Studi global]] adalah studi akademik interdisipliner dan multidisipliner terhadap kekuatan dan tren global. Studi global juga mencakup pemaaman satu aspek globalisasi atau lebih, namun lebih berfkus pada bagaimana tren global menata ulang hubungan antarnegara, organisasi, masyarakat, komunitas, dan individu, menciptakan tantangan-tantangan baru yang tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh negara atau pasar sendirian.<ref>Harth, Chris. (2005). [http://www.globalstudiesfoundation.org/downloads/gsf_research_report.pdf 'Struggling to Grasp a Moving Target: Global Studies in the US and Emergent International Landscapes.'] Interim Report Prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC.</ref> Studi faktor-faktor pemicu globalisasi berasal dari berbagai disiplin ilmu seperti [[ilmu politik]], [[ekonomi]], [[sosiologi]], dan lain-lain.
+[[Studi global]] adalah studi akademik interdisipliner dan multidisipliner terhadap kekuatan dan tren global. Studi global juga mencakup pemaaman satu aspek globalisasi atau lebih, namun lebih berfkus pada bagaimana tren global menata ulang hubungan antarnegara, organisasi, masyarakat, komunitas, dan individu, menciptakan tantangan-tantangan baru yang tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh negara atau pasar sendirian.<ref>Harth, Chris. (2005). [http://www.globalstudiesfoundation.org/downloads/gsf_research_report.pdf 'Struggling to Grasp a Moving Target: Global Studies in the US and Emergent International Landscapes.'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070510/http://www.globalstudiesfoundation.org/downloads/gsf_research_report.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }} Interim Report Prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC.</ref> Studi faktor-faktor pemicu globalisasi berasal dari berbagai disiplin ilmu seperti [[ilmu politik]], [[ekonomi]], [[sosiologi]], dan lain-lain.
 == Sejarah ==
@@ Baris 31: / Baris 31: @@
 * [[:Kategori:Teori globalisasi|Teori globalisasi]] (kategori)
 * [[Sistem manusia–lingkungan terpadu]]
-* [[Kritik kapitalisme|Kapitalisme]]
+* [[Kritik terhadap kapitalisme|Kapitalisme]]
 * [[Teori ketergantungan]]
 * [[Modernisasi ekologi]]
@@ Baris 48: / Baris 48: @@
 * [[Mazhab regulasi|Teori regulasi]]
 * [[Sosialisme revolusioner]]
-* [[Evolusi sosial-budaya]]
+* [[Pengembangan budaya]]
 * [[Teori sistem dunia]]
 {{div col end}}
@@ Baris 57: / Baris 57: @@
 === Indeks globalisasi ===
 * [[:Kategori:Indeks globalisasi|Indeks globalisasi]] (kategori)
-* [[Corruption Perceptions Index]]
+* [[Indeks Persepsi Korupsi]]
-* [[Democracy Index]]
+* [[Indeks Demokrasi]]
 * [[:Kategori:Indeks globalisasi ekonomi|Indeks globalisasi ekonomi]] (kategori)
 * [[Freedom in the World]]
 * [[Kota global]]
+* [[Rasio perdagangan-PDB]]
-* [[Globalization Index]]
 == Aspek globalisasi ==
@@ Baris 74: / Baris 74: @@
 * [[:Kategori:Organisasi bisnis global|Organisasi bisnis global]] (kategori)
-* [[Kewarganegaraan perusahaan]]
+* [[Tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan]]
 * [[Alihdaya global]]
 ** [[Penyewaan lintas perbatasan]]
 ** [[Strategi global]]
 *** [[Manajemen R&D global]]
+** [[Angkutan multimoda]]
-** [[Transportasi intermodal (disambiguasi)|Transportasi intermodal]]
 ** [[Alihdaya negara berbiaya rendah]]
-** [[Alihdaya]]
+** [[Alih daya]]
-** [[Manajemen rantai pasokan]]
+** [[Manajemen rantai pasok]]
 *** [[Keuangan rantai pasokan global]]
-* [[Ekologi industri]]
+* [[Ekologi industrial]]
 * [[Bisnis internasional]]
 * [[Standardisasi]]
@@ Baris 91: / Baris 91: @@
 * [[Perdagangan internasional]]
 ** [[Zona perdagangan bebas]]
-** [[Zona Ekonomi Khusus]]
+** [[Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus]]
 * [[Perusahaan multinasional]]
@@ Baris 175: / Baris 175: @@
 === Globalisasi tenaga kerja ===
 Seiring globalisasi bisnis, muncullah [[pembagian tenaga kerja internasional baru|pembagian tenaga kerja spasial baru]] yang terjadi ketika proses produksi tidak lagi terkurung perbatasan negara dan [[ekonomi tenaga kerja|tenaga kerja]] dapat diambil dari berbagai wilayah dunia. [[Tenaga kerja global]] memiliki macam-macam dampak, mulai dari [[kebijakan imigrasi]] sampai [[hak asasi manusia]] dan [[hak tenaga kerja]].
 [[Berkas:Brazil visa and stamps.png|jmpl|ka|250px|Visa masuk ganda Brasil di paspor A.S. dan stempel imigrasi dari Brasil, Prancis, dan Amerika Serikat.]]
@@ Baris 351: / Baris 350: @@
 === Bacaan lanjutan ===
 {{refbegin|2}}
-* {{cite book|last = Barbara|first = Christopher|title = International legal personality: Panacea or pandemonium? Theorizing about the individual and the state in the era of globalization|publisher = [[Verlag Dr. Müller]]|year = 2008|location = Saarbrücken|url = http://www.amazon.com/International-legal-personality-pandemonium-globalization/dp/3639115147/|id = |isbn = 3-639-11514-7}}
+* {{cite book|last = Barbara|first = Christopher|title = International legal personality: Panacea or pandemonium? Theorizing about the individual and the state in the era of globalization|publisher = [[Verlag Dr. Müller]]|year = 2008|location = Saarbrücken|url = http://www.amazon.com/International-legal-personality-pandemonium-globalization/dp/3639115147/|id = |isbn = 3-639-11514-7|access-date = 2015-06-21|archive-date = 2022-06-18|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220618090102/http://www.amazon.com/International-legal-personality-pandemonium-globalization/dp/3639115147/|dead-url = no}}
-* {{cite book|last = von Braun|first = Joachim|author2 = Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla|title = Globalization of Food and Agriculture and the Poor|publisher = Oxford University Press|year = 2007|location = Oxford|url = http://www.ifpri.org/PUBS/otherpubs/globalpoor.asp|id = |isbn = 978-0-19-569528-1}}
+* {{cite book|last = von Braun|first = Joachim|author2 = Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla|title = Globalization of Food and Agriculture and the Poor|publisher = Oxford University Press|year = 2007|location = Oxford|url = http://www.ifpri.org/PUBS/otherpubs/globalpoor.asp|id = |isbn = 978-0-19-569528-1|access-date = 2015-06-21|archive-date = 2023-07-28|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230728230220/http://www.ifpri.org/PUBS/otherpubs/globalpoor.asp|dead-url = no}}
 * Carpenter, John. "Puritan Missions as Globalization," ''[[Fides et Historia]]''. 31:2, 1999 pp.&nbsp;103–123.
-* {{Cite book|last= Chanda|first = Nayan|authorlink = Nayan Chanda|title=Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Warriors and Adventurers Shaped Globalization|url= https://archive.org/details/boundtogetherhow00chan|publisher=Yale University Press, New Haven|year=2007|isbn=978-0-300-11201-6}}
+* {{Cite book|last=Chanda|first=Nayan|authorlink=Nayan Chanda|title=Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Warriors and Adventurers Shaped Globalization|url=https://archive.org/details/boundtogetherhow00chan|publisher=Yale University Press, New Haven|year=2007|isbn=978-0-300-11201-6}}
-* {{cite book|last = Fernando|first = Salvetti (ed.)|title = "Glocal" Working. Living and Working across the World with Cultural Intelligence|publisher = Franco Angeli|year = 2010|location = Milan|url = http://www.cultural-intelligence.info|id = |isbn = 978-88-568-2733-0}}
+* {{cite book|last = Fernando|first = Salvetti (ed.)|title = "Glocal" Working. Living and Working across the World with Cultural Intelligence|publisher = Franco Angeli|year = 2010|location = Milan|url = http://www.cultural-intelligence.info|id = |isbn = 978-88-568-2733-0|access-date = 2021-05-02|archive-date = 2018-04-20|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180420161433/http://cultural-intelligence.info/|dead-url = yes}}
-* {{cite book|last = Glyn|first = Andrew|authorlink = Andrew Glyn|title = Capitalism Unleashed: Finance, Globalization, and Welfare|year = 2006|publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford|url = http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Economics/International/?view=usa&ci=9780199226795|isbn = 0-19-922679-2}}
+* {{cite book|last = Glyn|first = Andrew|authorlink = Andrew Glyn|title = Capitalism Unleashed: Finance, Globalization, and Welfare|year = 2006|publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford|url = http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Economics/International/?view=usa&ci=9780199226795|isbn = 0-19-922679-2|access-date = 2015-06-21|archive-date = 2010-12-26|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101226155428/http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Economics/International/?view=usa&ci=9780199226795|dead-url = yes}}
 * {{cite book|last = Kitching|first = Gavin|authorlink = Gavin Kitching|title = Seeking Social Justice through Globalization. Escaping a Nationalist Perspective|publisher = Penn State Press|year = 2001|url = http://www.gavinkitching.com/africa_3.htm|isbn = 0-271-02162-4|access-date = 2015-06-21|archive-date = 2007-11-28|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071128130328/http://www.gavinkitching.com/africa_3.htm|dead-url = yes}}
-* {{cite book|last = Kohler|first = Gernot|coauthors = Emilio José Chaves (eds.)|title = Globalization: Critical Perspectives|year = 2003|publisher = Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers|ISBN = 1-59033-346-2|url = http://www.novapublishers.com/}} With contributions by [[Samir Amin]], [[Christopher Chase-Dunn]], [[Andre Gunder Frank]], [[Immanuel Wallerstein]]
+* {{cite book|last = Kohler|first = Gernot|coauthors = Emilio José Chaves (eds.)|title = Globalization: Critical Perspectives|year = 2003|publisher = Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers|ISBN = 1-59033-346-2|url = http://www.novapublishers.com/|access-date = 2015-06-21|archive-date = 2007-07-11|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070711194934/http://www.novapublishers.com/|dead-url = no}} With contributions by [[Samir Amin]], [[Christopher Chase-Dunn]], [[Andre Gunder Frank]], [[Immanuel Wallerstein]]
-* {{cite book|last = [[Jerry Mander|Mander, Jerry]]|author2=[[Edward Goldsmith]]|title = The case against the global economy: and for a turn toward the local|publisher=[[Sierra Club Books]]|year = 1996|location = San Francisco|url =https://archive.org/details/caseagainstgloba00mand|id =|isbn = 0-87156-865-9 }}
+* {{cite book|last = [[Jerry Mander|Mander, Jerry]]|author2 = [[Edward Goldsmith]]|title = The case against the global economy: and for a turn toward the local|publisher = [[Sierra Club Books]]|year = 1996|location = San Francisco|url = https://archive.org/details/caseagainstgloba00mand|id = |isbn = 0-87156-865-9}}
-* {{cite book|last = Moore|first = Karl|authorlink = Karl Moore (academic)|author2 = David Charles Lewis|title = Origins of Globalization|publisher = Routledge|year = 2009|location = New York|url = http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415805988/|isbn = 978-0-415-80598-8}}
+* {{cite book|last = Moore|first = Karl|authorlink = Karl Moore (academic)|author2 = David Charles Lewis|title = Origins of Globalization|publisher = Routledge|year = 2009|location = New York|url = http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415805988/|isbn = 978-0-415-80598-8|access-date = 2015-06-21|archive-date = 2014-11-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141107011300/http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415805988/|dead-url = no}}
-* {{cite book|last = Murray|first = Warwick E.|title = Geographies of Globalization|publisher=Routledge|year = 2006|location = New York|isbn = 0-415-31799-1 }}
+* {{cite book|last = Murray|first = Warwick E.|title = Geographies of Globalization|url = https://archive.org/details/geographiesofglo0000murr|publisher=Routledge|year = 2006|location = New York|isbn = 0-415-31799-1 }}
-* {{cite book|last = Neumann|first = Iver B.|author2 = Ole Jacob Sending|title = Governing the Global Polity: Practice, Mentality, Rationality|publisher = University of Michigan Press|year = 2010|location = Ann Arbor|url = http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=371804|isbn = 978-0-472-07093-0}}
+* {{cite book|last = Neumann|first = Iver B.|author2 = Ole Jacob Sending|title = Governing the Global Polity: Practice, Mentality, Rationality|publisher = University of Michigan Press|year = 2010|location = Ann Arbor|url = http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=371804|isbn = 978-0-472-07093-0|access-date = 2015-06-21|archive-date = 2012-09-14|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120914035757/http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=371804|dead-url = no}}
-* {{cite book|last = Osterhammel|first = Jürgen|authorlink = Jürgen Osterhammel|author2 = Niels P. Petersson|title = Globalization: A Short History|publisher = Princeton University Press|year = 2005|location = Princeton, New Jersey|url = http://www.amazon.com/Globalization-Short-History-Jurgen-Osterhammel/dp/0691121656/|id = |isbn = 0-691-12165-6}}
+* {{cite book|last = Osterhammel|first = Jürgen|authorlink = Jürgen Osterhammel|author2 = Niels P. Petersson|title = Globalization: A Short History|publisher = Princeton University Press|year = 2005|location = Princeton, New Jersey|url = http://www.amazon.com/Globalization-Short-History-Jurgen-Osterhammel/dp/0691121656/|id = |isbn = 0-691-12165-6|access-date = 2015-06-21|archive-date = 2012-01-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120107090909/http://www.amazon.com/Globalization-Short-History-Jurgen-Osterhammel/dp/0691121656|dead-url = no}}
-* {{cite book|last = Pfister|first = Ulrich|authorlink = |title = Globalization|year = 2012|publisher = [[Institute of European History]],|location = Mainz|url = http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0159-2012060507|isbn = }}
+* {{cite book|last = Pfister|first = Ulrich|authorlink = |title = Globalization|year = 2012|publisher = [[Institute of European History]],|location = Mainz|url = http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0159-2012060507|isbn = |access-date = 2015-06-21|archive-date = 2023-07-28|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230728230202/https://d-nb.info/1043606203/34|dead-url = no}}
 * {{cite book|author=Reinsdorf, Marshall and Matthew J. Slaughter|title=International Trade in Services and Intangibles in the Era of Globalization|year=2009|isbn=978-0-226-70959-8|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago}}
 * {{cite book|last = Sen|first = Amartya|authorlink = Amartya Sen|title = [[Development as Freedom]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year = 1999|location = Oxford, New York|url =|id =|isbn = 0375406190 }}
-* {{cite book|last = Sirkin|first = Harold L|coauthors = James W. Hemerling and Arindam K. Bhattacharya|title = Globality: Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything|publisher = Business Plus|year = 2008|location = New York|page = 292|url = http://www.bcg.com/globality|id = |isbn = 0-446-17829-2}}
+* {{cite book|last = Sirkin|first = Harold L|coauthors = James W. Hemerling and Arindam K. Bhattacharya|title = Globality: Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything|publisher = Business Plus|year = 2008|location = New York|page = 292|url = http://www.bcg.com/globality|id = |isbn = 0-446-17829-2|access-date = 2015-06-21|archive-date = 2008-09-23|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080923010617/http://www.bcg.com/globality|dead-url = yes}}
-* {{cite book|last = Smith|first = Charles|authorlink = Charles Emrys Smith|title = International Trade and Globalisation, 3rd edition|publisher=Anforme|year = 2007|location = Stocksfield|url =|id =|isbn = 1-905504-10-1 }}
+* {{cite book|last = Smith|first = Charles|authorlink = Charles Emrys Smith|title = International Trade and Globalisation, 3rd edition|publisher = Anforme|year = 2007|location = Stocksfield|url = https://archive.org/details/internationaltra0000smit_k3f7|id = |isbn = 1-905504-10-1}}
-* {{cite book|last = Steger|first = Manfred|title = Globalism: the new market ideology|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year = 2002|location = Lanham, Maryland|url =https://archive.org/details/globalismnewmark0000steg|id =|isbn = 0-7425-0072-1 }}
+* {{cite book|last = Steger|first = Manfred|title = Globalism: the new market ideology|publisher = Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year = 2002|location = Lanham, Maryland|url = https://archive.org/details/globalismnewmark0000steg|id = |isbn = 0-7425-0072-1}}
 * {{cite book|last = Stiglitz|first = Joseph E.|authorlink = Joseph E. Stiglitz|title = [[Globalization and Its Discontents]]|publisher=W.W. Norton|year = 2002|location = New York|url =|id =|isbn = 0-393-32439-7 }}
 * {{cite book|last = Stiglitz|first = Joseph E.|authorlink = Joseph E. Stiglitz|title = [[Making Globalization Work]]|publisher=W.W. Norton|year = 2006|location = New York|url =|id =|isbn = 0-393-06122-1 }}
-* {{cite book|last = Tausch|first = Arno|title = Multicultural Europe: Effects of the Global Lisbon Process|publisher=Nova Science Publishers|year = 2008|location = Hauppauge, New York|url =|id =|isbn = 978-1-60456-806-6}}
+* {{cite book|last = Tausch|first = Arno|title = Multicultural Europe: Effects of the Global Lisbon Process|publisher = Nova Science Publishers|year = 2008|location = Hauppauge, New York|url = https://archive.org/details/multiculturaleur0000taus|id = |isbn = 978-1-60456-806-6}}
 * {{cite book|last =  Osle|first = Rafael Domingo|title = The New Global Law|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year = 2010|location = Cambridge|url =|id =|isbn = 9780521193870 }}
-* {{cite book|last = Wolf|first = Martin|authorlink = Martin Wolf|title = Why Globalization Works|publisher=Yale University Press|year = 2004|location = New Haven|url =https://archive.org/details/whyglobalization00wolf|id =|isbn = 978-0-300-10252-9 }}
+* {{cite book|last = Wolf|first = Martin|authorlink = Martin Wolf|title = Why Globalization Works|publisher = Yale University Press|year = 2004|location = New Haven|url = https://archive.org/details/whyglobalization00wolf|id = |isbn = 978-0-300-10252-9}}
 {{refend}}
@@ Baris 381: / Baris 380: @@
 * [http://www.polity.co.uk/global/whatisglobalization.asp Comprehensive discussion of the term at the Site Global Transformations] {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091012141330/http://www.polity.co.uk/global/whatisglobalization.asp |date=2009-10-12 }}
 * [http://www.sociology.emory.edu/globalization/ Globalization Website (Emory University) Links, Debates, Glossary etc.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026043416/http://www.sociology.emory.edu/globalization/ |date=2011-10-26 }}
-* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/business/2007/globalisation/default.stm BBC News Special Report – "Globalisation"]
+* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/business/2007/globalisation/default.stm BBC News Special Report – "Globalisation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111211311/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/business/2007/globalisation/default.stm |date=2009-01-11 }}
-* [http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art24/main.html "Resilience, Panarchy, and World-Systems Analysis"], from the ''[[Ecology and Society]]'' Journal
+* [http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art24/main.html "Resilience, Panarchy, and World-Systems Analysis"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928195159/http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art24/main.html |date=2007-09-28 }}, from the ''[[Ecology and Society]]'' Journal
-* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/globalization/ "Globalization" ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''] Analysis of the idea and its history.
+* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/globalization/ "Globalization" ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709135751/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/globalization/ |date=2010-07-09 }} Analysis of the idea and its history.
-* [http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=AFA_CALC_IN3 OECD Globalization statistics]
+* [http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=AFA_CALC_IN3 OECD Globalization statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720114519/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=AFA_CALC_IN3 |date=2023-07-20 }}
-* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/globalization "Globalization"], from ''[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]''
+* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/globalization "Globalization"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612052640/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/globalization |date=2013-06-12 }}, from ''[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]''
-* [http://yaleglobal.yale.edu YaleGlobal Online]
+* [http://yaleglobal.yale.edu YaleGlobal Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620031555/https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/ |date=2021-06-20 }}
-* [http://www.dw.de/program/global-3000/s-11487-9798/ Global 3000] Globalization Program by Deutsche Welle-TV
+* [http://www.dw.de/program/global-3000/s-11487-9798/ Global 3000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621004002/http://www.dw.de/program/global-3000/s-11487-9798 |date=2015-06-21 }} Globalization Program by Deutsche Welle-TV
 {{Globalisasi|state=expanded}}