Krisis Teluk Persia 2019–2020: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
←Membuat halaman berisi '{{Aktualitas}} {{Infobox military conflict|conflict=Krisis Teluk Persia 2019–2020|partof=Konflik proxy Iran–Arab Saudi|image={{Photomontage | photo1a = B52 in...'
 
Bashar Al-Dewi (bicara | kontrib)
1.273 suntingan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Tag: VisualEditor Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler
 
(26 revisi perantara oleh 12 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: Baris 1:
{{Infobox military conflict
{{Aktualitas}}
| conflict = Krisis Teluk Persia 2019–2021
{{Infobox military conflict|conflict=Krisis Teluk Persia 2019–2020|partof=[[Konflik proxy Iran–Arab Saudi]]|image={{Photomontage
| partof = [[Konflik proksi Iran–Arab Saudi]]
| image = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = B52 in al udeid base may 2019.jpg
| photo1a = B52 in al udeid base may 2019.jpg
| photo2a = Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk Shot down by Iran 4.jpg
| photo2a = Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk Shot down by Iran 4.jpg
| photo2b = U.S. Troops observe protests in Greeeen Zone.jpg
| photo2b = U.S. Troops observe protests in Green Zone.jpg
| photo1b = Stena Impero 2019-07-21 02.jpg
| photo1b = Stena Impero 2019-07-21 02.jpg
| position = center
| position = center
Baris 11: Baris 13:
| color_border = black
| color_border = black
| spacing = 3
| spacing = 3
| foot_montage =
| foot_montage =
}}
}}|caption=Sebuah pengebom strategis [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|B-52H]] AS di [[Qatar]] pada Mei 2019 (atas kiri); Sebuah perahu [[Angkatan Laut Korps Pengawal Revolusi Islam|NEDSA]] berpatroli di dekat kapal tanker berbendera Inggris ''Stena Impero'' (atas kanan); Puing-puing dari drone [[RQ-4 Global Hawk]] yang [[Penembakan jatuh drone RQ-4A Amerika Serikat|ditembak jatuh]] oleh Iran (bawah kiri); Pasukan AS mengawasi serangan terhadap [[Kedutaan Amerika Serikat, Bagdad|kedutaan besar Amerika Serikat di Bagdad]] (bawah kanan)|date=5 Mei 2019 – ''sekarang''<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=05|day1=5|year1=2019}})|place={{plainlist|
| caption = Sebuah pengebom strategis [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|B-52H]] AS di [[Qatar]] pada Mei 2019 (atas kiri); Sebuah perahu [[Angkatan Laut Korps Pengawal Revolusi Islam|NEDSA]] berpatroli di dekat kapal tanker berbendera Inggris ''Stena Impero'' (atas kanan); Puing-puing dari drone [[RQ-4 Global Hawk]] yang [[Penembakan jatuh pesawat nirawak Amerika Serikat 2019|ditembak jatuh]] oleh Iran (bawah kiri); Pasukan AS mengawasi serangan terhadap [[Kedutaan Amerika Serikat, Bagdad|kedutaan besar Amerika Serikat di Bagdad]] (bawah kanan)
⚫
* [[Samudera Hindia]] barat
| date = 5 Mei 2019 – 20 Januari 2021
| place = {{plainlist|
⚫
* [[Samudra Hindia]] barat
* [[Teluk Persia]]
* [[Teluk Persia]]
* [[Teluk Oman]]
* [[Teluk Oman]]
Baris 20: Baris 25:
* [[Laut Merah]]
* [[Laut Merah]]
* [[Irak]]
* [[Irak]]
}}
}}|status={{Collapsible list
| status = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| title = ''Ongoing''
| title = ''Ongoing''
Baris 29: Baris 35:
* Several oil tankers attacked and damaged
* Several oil tankers attacked and damaged
* The US assassinated [[Qasem Soleimani]], Iranian major commander
* The US assassinated [[Qasem Soleimani]], Iranian major commander
}}
}}|combatant1={{Unbulleted list
| combatant1 = {{Unbulleted list
| {{flag|Amerika Serikat}}
| {{flag|Amerika Serikat}}
| {{flag|Britania Raya}}
| {{flag|Britania Raya}}
Baris 43: Baris 50:
| {{flag|Kuwait}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/23/iran-is-already-losing/|title=Iran Is Already Losing|first=Micha’el|last=Tanchum|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924125045/https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/23/iran-is-already-losing/|archive-date=24 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-mulls-joining-gulf-maritime-alliance-1.66592283|title=Kuwait mulls joining Gulf maritime alliance|website=Gulf News|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924131139/https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-mulls-joining-gulf-maritime-alliance-1.66592283|archive-date=24 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{flag|Kuwait}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/23/iran-is-already-losing/|title=Iran Is Already Losing|first=Micha’el|last=Tanchum|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924125045/https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/23/iran-is-already-losing/|archive-date=24 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-mulls-joining-gulf-maritime-alliance-1.66592283|title=Kuwait mulls joining Gulf maritime alliance|website=Gulf News|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924131139/https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-mulls-joining-gulf-maritime-alliance-1.66592283|archive-date=24 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{flag|Pakistan}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/imran-khan-support-saudi-arabia-security-oil-installations-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-1600192-2019-09-18 |title=Pak PM Imran Khan vows to support Saudi Arabia after oil installation attacks |access-date=9 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209130316/https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/imran-khan-support-saudi-arabia-security-oil-installations-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-1600192-2019-09-18 |archive-date=9 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1554451/pakistan |title=Pakistan strongly condemns Houthi drone attack on Saudi Aramco facilities |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917050637/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1554451/pakistan |archive-date=17 September 2019 |url-status=live|date=14 September 2019}}</ref>
| {{flag|Pakistan}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/imran-khan-support-saudi-arabia-security-oil-installations-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-1600192-2019-09-18 |title=Pak PM Imran Khan vows to support Saudi Arabia after oil installation attacks |access-date=9 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209130316/https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/imran-khan-support-saudi-arabia-security-oil-installations-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-1600192-2019-09-18 |archive-date=9 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1554451/pakistan |title=Pakistan strongly condemns Houthi drone attack on Saudi Aramco facilities |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917050637/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1554451/pakistan |archive-date=17 September 2019 |url-status=live|date=14 September 2019}}</ref>
| {{flag|Qatar}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/06/28/f-22s-deploy-qatar-first-time-amid-iran-tensions.html |title=F-22s Deploy to Qatar for the First Time Amid Iran Tensions |access-date=23 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720173143/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/06/28/f-22s-deploy-qatar-first-time-amid-iran-tensions.html |archive-date=20 July 2019 |url-status=live|date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/air-force-has-sent-stealth-f-22-raptors-qatar-deter-iran-67867 |title=The Air Force Has Sent Stealth F-22 Raptors to Qatar to Deter Iran |access-date=9 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824054345/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/air-force-has-sent-stealth-f-22-raptors-qatar-deter-iran-67867 |archive-date=24 August 2019 |url-status=live|date=20 July 2019}}</ref>}}|combatant2={{flag|Iran}}<br />{{Collapsible list
| {{flag|Qatar}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/06/28/f-22s-deploy-qatar-first-time-amid-iran-tensions.html |title=F-22s Deploy to Qatar for the First Time Amid Iran Tensions |access-date=23 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720173143/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/06/28/f-22s-deploy-qatar-first-time-amid-iran-tensions.html |archive-date=20 July 2019 |url-status=live|date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/air-force-has-sent-stealth-f-22-raptors-qatar-deter-iran-67867 |title=The Air Force Has Sent Stealth F-22 Raptors to Qatar to Deter Iran |access-date=9 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824054345/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/air-force-has-sent-stealth-f-22-raptors-qatar-deter-iran-67867 |archive-date=24 August 2019 |url-status=live|date=20 July 2019}}</ref>}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|Iran}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Popular Mobilization Forces.svg}} [[Pasukan Mobilisasi Populer]]{{Br}}{{Collapsible list
| title = Didukung oleh:
| title = Didukung oleh:
| {{flag|Rusia}}<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/russia-iran-us-israel-drone-ally-1445802|title=Russia warns the U.S. and Israel that Iran is its "ally" and was right about drone shoot down|first=Tom O'Connor On 6/25/19 at 1:47 PM|last=EDT|date=25 June 2019|website=Newsweek|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726095203/https://www.newsweek.com/russia-iran-us-israel-drone-ally-1445802|archive-date=26 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Iran Support">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/iran-russia-china-fighter-jets-1456848|title=Iran says Russia and China want to sell fighter jets as they offer support against the US|first=Tom O'Connor On 8/29/19 at 3:37 PM|last=EDT|date=29 August 2019|website=Newsweek|access-date=30 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830062652/https://www.newsweek.com/iran-russia-china-fighter-jets-1456848|archive-date=30 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=October 2019}}
| {{flag|Rusia}}<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/russia-iran-us-israel-drone-ally-1445802|title=Russia warns the U.S. and Israel that Iran is its "ally" and was right about drone shoot down|first=Tom O'Connor On 6/25/19 at 1:47 PM|last=EDT|date=25 June 2019|website=Newsweek|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726095203/https://www.newsweek.com/russia-iran-us-israel-drone-ally-1445802|archive-date=26 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Iran Support">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/iran-russia-china-fighter-jets-1456848|title=Iran says Russia and China want to sell fighter jets as they offer support against the US|first=Tom O'Connor On 8/29/19 at 3:37 PM|last=EDT|date=29 August 2019|website=Newsweek|access-date=30 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830062652/https://www.newsweek.com/iran-russia-china-fighter-jets-1456848|archive-date=30 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=October 2019}}
| {{flag|Tiongkok}}<ref name="Iran Support" />
| {{flag|Tiongkok}}<ref name="Iran Support" />
| {{flag|Suriah}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Saudis-Israel-attack-pro-Iran-militias-on-Syria-Iraq-border-report-602210|title=Saudis, Israel attacked pro-Iran militias on Syria-Iraq border - report - Middle East - Jerusalem Post|website=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925051020/https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Saudis-Israel-attack-pro-Iran-militias-on-Syria-Iraq-border-report-602210|archive-date=25 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49633146|title='Air strikes' hit Iran-backed forces in east Syria|date=9 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914003800/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49633146|archive-date=14 September 2019|url-status=live|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iran.liveuamap.com/en/2019/28-september-syrian-fm-moualem-at-unga-we-renew-our-support|title=Syrian FM Moualem at UNGA: We renew our support for Iran and reject the destabilization of the Gulf New York, New York|website=Iran news on live map in English - Conflict in the Gulf- iran.liveuamap.com|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929022654/https://iran.liveuamap.com/en/2019/28-september-syrian-fm-moualem-at-unga-we-renew-our-support|archive-date=29 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{flag|Suriah}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Saudis-Israel-attack-pro-Iran-militias-on-Syria-Iraq-border-report-602210|title=Saudis, Israel attacked pro-Iran militias on Syria-Iraq border - report - Middle East - Jerusalem Post|website=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925051020/https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Saudis-Israel-attack-pro-Iran-militias-on-Syria-Iraq-border-report-602210|archive-date=25 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49633146|title='Air strikes' hit Iran-backed forces in east Syria|date=9 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914003800/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49633146|archive-date=14 September 2019|url-status=live|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iran.liveuamap.com/en/2019/28-september-syrian-fm-moualem-at-unga-we-renew-our-support|title=Syrian FM Moualem at UNGA: We renew our support for Iran and reject the destabilization of the Gulf New York, New York|website=Iran news on live map in English - Conflict in the Gulf- iran.liveuamap.com|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929022654/https://iran.liveuamap.com/en/2019/28-september-syrian-fm-moualem-at-unga-we-renew-our-support|archive-date=29 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{flag|Korea Utara}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nknews.org/2019/09/the-september-14-drone-attack-on-saudi-oil-fields-north-koreas-potential-role/ |title=The September 14 drone attack on Saudi oil fields: North Korea's potential role &#124; NK News |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011033136/https://www.nknews.org/2019/09/the-september-14-drone-attack-on-saudi-oil-fields-north-koreas-potential-role/ |archive-date=11 October 2019 |url-status=live|date=30 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/why-do-yemeni-houthi-rebels-have-north-korean-missiles-86821 |title=Why do the Yemeni Houthi Rebels Have North Korean Missiles? |access-date=9 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024003651/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/why-do-yemeni-houthi-rebels-have-north-korean-missiles-86821 |archive-date=24 October 2019 |url-status=live|date=9 October 2019}}</ref>}}|commander1={{flagdeco|Amerika Serikat}} [[Donald Trump]]|commander2={{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Ali Khamenei]]<br />{{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Qasem Soleimani]]{{KIA|terbunuh}}|strength1={{Collapsible list
| {{flag|Korea Utara}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nknews.org/2019/09/the-september-14-drone-attack-on-saudi-oil-fields-north-koreas-potential-role/ |title=The September 14 drone attack on Saudi oil fields: North Korea's potential role &#124; NK News |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011033136/https://www.nknews.org/2019/09/the-september-14-drone-attack-on-saudi-oil-fields-north-koreas-potential-role/ |archive-date=11 October 2019 |url-status=live|date=30 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/why-do-yemeni-houthi-rebels-have-north-korean-missiles-86821 |title=Why do the Yemeni Houthi Rebels Have North Korean Missiles? |access-date=9 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024003651/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/why-do-yemeni-houthi-rebels-have-north-korean-missiles-86821 |archive-date=24 October 2019 |url-status=live|date=9 October 2019}}</ref>}}
| commander1 = {{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat}} '''[[Donald Trump]]'''{{br}}{{Flagicon|Usa}} [[Mark Esper]]{{br}}{{Flagicon|Usa}} [[Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.|Kenneth F. McKenzie]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Iran}} '''[[Ali Khamenei]]'''<br />{{Flagicon|Iran}} '''[[Hassan Rouhani]]'''{{br}}{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Qasem Soleimani]]{{KIA}}{{br}}{{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Esmail Qaani]]{{br}}{{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Hossein Salami]]{{br}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Popular Mobilization Forces.svg}} [[Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis|Mahdi al-Muhandis]]{{KIA}}
| strength1 = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| title = {{flagicon|Amerika Serikat}} Amerika Serikat:
| title = {{flagicon|Amerika Serikat}} Amerika Serikat:
| 122.500 tentara
| 50.000 tentara
| 12 [[F-22 Raptor]]
| 12 [[F-22 Raptor]]
| 4 [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|Pengebom B-52]]
| 4 [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|Pengebom B-52]]
Baris 59: Baris 70:
}}<br />{{Collapsible list
}}<br />{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| title = {{flagicon|Britania Raya}} Inggris:
| title = {{flagicon|Britania Raya}} Inggris:
| Jumlah tentara tidak diketahui
| 1.200 tentara
| 9 [[Eurofighter Typhoon]]
| 2 fregat
| 2 fregat
| 1 perusak
| 1 perusak
Baris 68: Baris 80:
}}<br />{{Collapsible list
}}<br />{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| title = {{flagicon|Australia}} Australia:
| title = {{flagicon|Australia}} Australia:
| 200 personel
| 200 tentara
| 1 fregat
| 1 fregat
| 1 [[P-8A Poseidon]]
| 1 [[P-8A Poseidon]]
}}
}}|strength2=1 [[Mil Mi-17]]<br />beberapa [[perahu serang cepat]]<br />1 [[Khordad Ke-3]]|casualties1={{Collapsible list
| strength2 = 1.500 personel [[Korps Pengawal Revolusi Iran|IRGC]] di Irak{{br}}2 [[Mil Mi-17]]<br />1 [[Su-25]]{{br}}beberapa [[perahu serang cepat]]<br />1 Sistem Pertahanan Udara [[Khordad Ke-3]]
| casualties1 = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| title = {{flagicon|Amerika Serikat}} Amerika Serikat: |
| title = {{flagicon|Amerika Serikat}} Amerika Serikat: |
* 1 RQ-4A Global Hawk ditembak jatuh
* 1 [[Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk|RQ-4A Global Hawk]] ditembak jatuh
* 1 [[MQ-9 Reaper]] ditembak jatuh
* 1 pelaut tewas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofsandiego.com/military/2019/07/30/navy-confirms-death-of-sailor-overboard-on-san-diego-bound-uss-lincoln/|title=Navy Confirms Death of Sailor Overboard on San Diego-Bound USS Lincoln|website=timesofsandiego.com|accessdate=19 Aug 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731072831/https://timesofsandiego.com/military/2019/07/30/navy-confirms-death-of-sailor-overboard-on-san-diego-bound-uss-lincoln/|archive-date=31 July 2019|url-status=live|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>
* 1 pelaut tewas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofsandiego.com/military/2019/07/30/navy-confirms-death-of-sailor-overboard-on-san-diego-bound-uss-lincoln/|title=Navy Confirms Death of Sailor Overboard on San Diego-Bound USS Lincoln|website=timesofsandiego.com|accessdate=19 Aug 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731072831/https://timesofsandiego.com/military/2019/07/30/navy-confirms-death-of-sailor-overboard-on-san-diego-bound-uss-lincoln/|archive-date=31 July 2019|url-status=live|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>
* 1 [[Serangan Pangkalan Udara K-1 2019|Kontraktor AS tewas]]
* 1 [[Serangan Pangkalan Udara K-1 2019|Kontraktor AS tewas]]
*4 tentara tewas
*114 tentara terluka
}}<br />{{Collapsible list
}}<br />{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| title = {{flagicon|Britania Raya}} Inggris: |
| title = {{flagicon|Britania Raya}} Inggris: |
*1 tentara tewas
* 1 kapal tanker ditangkap, dibebaskan pada 27 September
* 1 kapal tanker ditangkap, dibebaskan pada 27 September
* 23 awak kapal ditangkap
* 23 awak kapal ditangkap
Baris 92: Baris 110:
| title = {{flagicon|Uni Emirat Arab}} UEA: |
| title = {{flagicon|Uni Emirat Arab}} UEA: |
* 1 kapal dagang rusak (tanggungjawab diperdebatkan)
* 1 kapal dagang rusak (tanggungjawab diperdebatkan)
}}
}}|casualties2=1 kapal tanker ditangkap oleh Gibraltar, dilepaskan pada 15 Agustus<br />1-2 drone ditembak jatuh (klaim AS, dibantah oleh Iran)<br />10 personel [[IRGC]] [[Serangan Bandar Udara Bagdad 2020|tewas]]
| casualties2 = 1 kapal tanker ditangkap oleh [[Gibraltar]], dilepaskan pada 15 Agustus<br />1-2 drone ditembak jatuh (klaim AS, dibantah oleh Iran)<br />10 personel [[Korps Pengawal Revolusi Iran|IRGC]] [[Serangan Bandar Udara Internasional Bagdad 2020|tewas]]{{br}}5 [[Pasukan Mobilisasi Populer]] tewas{{br}}25 milisi [[Kata'ib Hizbullah]] tewas
1 kapal tanker rusak (tanggungjawab belum ditentukan)
⚫
| casualties3 = 1 awak kapal terluka<br />{{flag|Norwegia}}: 2 kapal dangang rusak (tanggungjawab diperdebatkan)<br />{{flag|Jepang}}: 1 kapal dagang rusak (tanggungjawab diperdebatkan)<br />{{flag|Irak}}: 1 kapal dagang direbut oleh Iran, dituduh "menyelundukan bahan bakar untuk beberapa negara Arab"<br />{{flag|Filipina}} 1 perahu kecil direbut, 7 awak kapal ditangkap<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-iran-tanker-idUSKCN1UU08Y|title=Iran seizes Iraqi oil tanker smuggling fuel in Gulf: TV|date=4 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905190707/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-iran-tanker-idUSKCN1UU08Y|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=live|agency=Reuters}}</ref>
| campaignbox = {{Kotak kampanye krisis Teluk Persia 2019}}{{Campaignbox Persian Gulf Wars}}
| result = *Meningkatnya ketegangan antara [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Iran]]
*Sanksi tambahan dikenakan pada [[Iran]]
*Pembunuhan [[Jenderal]] [[Iran]] [[Qasem Soleimani]]
}}
'''Krisis Teluk Persia 2019-2021''' adalah eskalasi ketegangan militer antara [[Iran]] dan [[Amerika Serikat]] menuju titik kemungkinan perang menyusul penggelaran aset militer ke [[Teluk Persia]] oleh Presiden [[Donald Trump]] karena intelijen mengindikasikan adanya kampanye yang direncanakan oleh Iran dan sekutunya melawan pasukan dan kepentingan AS di Teluk Persia dan Irak. Krisis ini mengikuti [[Hubungan Iran-Amerika Serikat|peningkatan ketegangan politik]] antara kedua negara selama [[masa jabatan Donald Trump]], yang termasuk [[Penarikan Amerika Serikat dari Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|penarikan Amerika Serikat dari kesepakatan nuklir]], pengenaan sanksi baru terhadap Iran, dan penyebutan [[Pengawal Revolusi Iran|Korps Pengawal Revolusi Islam]] (IRGC) sebagai organisasi teroris. Sebagai tanggapan, Iran menyebut [[Komando Pusat Amerika Serikat]] sebagai organisasi teroris.


⚫
Beberapa waktu setelah pengerahan ini, beberapa kapal dagang di Teluk Persia rusak dalam dua insiden [[Mei 2019 Insiden Teluk Oman|pada bulan Mei]] dan [[Insiden Teluk Oman Juni 2019|Juni 2019]]. Negara-negara Barat menyalahkan Iran, sementara Iran menyangkal keterlibatan. Pada Juni 2019, Iran [[Penembakan jatuh drone RQ-4A Amerika Serikat|menembak jatuh]] pesawat pengintai [[Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk|RQ-4A]] Amerika, hampir mengakibatkan konfrontasi bersenjata. Pada bulan yang sama, sebuah [[kapal tanker minyak]] Iran ditangkap oleh Inggris di [[Selat Gibraltar]] dengan alasan bahwa kapal itu mengirimkan minyak ke Suriah yang melanggar sanksi Uni Eropa. Iran kemudian menangkap sebuah kapal tanker minyak Inggris dan para awaknya di Teluk Persia, Inggris merespons dengan bergabung dengan pasukan AS di teluk.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/04/iran-seizes-oil-tanker-in-gulf-smuggling-fuel-to-arab-states|title=Iran claims it has seized third oil tanker in Gulf as tensions with US rise|first=Martin|last=Chulov|date=4 Aug 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914050522/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/04/iran-seizes-oil-tanker-in-gulf-smuggling-fuel-to-arab-states|archive-date=14 September 2019|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/pentagon-releases-images-gulf-oman-attack-190618055528966.html|title=US releases new images from suspected attacks on Gulf tankers|publisher=Al Jazeera|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817032851/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/pentagon-releases-images-gulf-oman-attack-190618055528966.html|archive-date=17 August 2019|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/iranian-republican-guard-seizes-foreign-oil-tanker-persian/story?id=64411931|title=Iranian Revolutionary Guard seizes foreign oil tanker in Persian Gulf: State media|publisher=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829011557/https://abcnews.go.com/International/iranian-republican-guard-seizes-foreign-oil-tanker-persian/story?id=64411931|archive-date=29 August 2019|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref> Baik Iran dan Inggris kemudian melepas kapal yang ditangkapnya.<ref name="stenaimpero1">{{Cite news|title=UK-flagged tanker Stena Impero leaves Iranian port|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/uk-flagged-tanker-stena-impero-seized-july-leaves-iranian-port-190927062425000.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927201926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/uk-flagged-tanker-stena-impero-seized-july-leaves-iranian-port-190927062425000.html|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="stenaimpero2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49849718|title=Stena Impero: Seized British tanker leaves Iran's waters|first=Jonathan|last=Marcus|publisher=BBC News|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928010957/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49849718|archive-date=28 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="stenaimpero3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/09/27/764934720/british-flagged-tanker-leaves-iranian-waters-after-2-months-of-detention|title=British-Flagged Tanker Leaves Iranian Waters After 2 Months Of Detention|first=James|last=Doubek|publisher=NPR|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927162524/https://www.npr.org/2019/09/27/764934720/british-flagged-tanker-leaves-iranian-waters-after-2-months-of-detention|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="voacrewrealeased">{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/british-tanker-seized-july-leaves-iranian-port|title=British Tanker Seized in July Leaves Iranian Port|publisher=Voice of America, Reuters|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927211433/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/british-tanker-seized-july-leaves-iranian-port|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="nytcrewrelease">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/27/world/middleeast/iran-uk-oil-tanker-stena-impero.html|title=British-Flagged Tanker Leaves Iran, Two Months After It Was Seized|work=The New York Times|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927062005/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/27/world/middleeast/iran-uk-oil-tanker-stena-impero.html|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="voicepartialrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thevoicefm.co.uk/news/world-news/iran-to-free-seven-out-of-23-crew-members-from-detained-british-flagged-ship-stena-impero/|title=Iran to free seven out of 23 crew members from detained British-flagged ship Stena Impero|date=4 September 2019|website=The Voice|access-date=4 September 2019}}{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
25 milisi yang didukung Iran tewas
⚫
1 kapal tanker rusak (tanggungjawab belum ditentukan)|casualties3=1 awak kapal terluka<br />{{flag|Norwegia}}: 2 kapal dangang rusak (tanggungjawab diperdebatkan)<br />{{flag|Jepang}}: 1 kapal dagang rusak (tanggungjawab diperdebatkan)<br />{{flag|Irak}}: 1 kapal dagang direbut oleh Iran, dituduh "menyelundukan bahan bakar untuk beberapa negara Arab"<br />{{flag|Filipina}} 1 perahu kecil direbut, 7 awak kapal ditangkap<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-iran-tanker-idUSKCN1UU08Y|title=Iran seizes Iraqi oil tanker smuggling fuel in Gulf: TV|date=4 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905190707/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-iran-tanker-idUSKCN1UU08Y|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=live|agency=Reuters}}</ref>|campaignbox={{Kotak kampanye krisis Teluk Persia 2019}}{{Campaignbox Persian Gulf Wars}}}}'''Krisis Teluk Persia 2019-2020''' adalah eskalasi ketegangan militer antara [[Iran]] dan [[Amerika Serikat]] menuju titik kemungkinan perang menyusul penggelaran aset militer ke [[Teluk Persia]] oleh Presiden [[Donald Trump]] karena intelijen mengindikasikan adanya kampanye yang direncanakan oleh Iran dan sekutunya melawan pasukan dan kepentingan AS di Teluk Persia dan Irak. Krisis ini mengikuti [[Hubungan Iran-Amerika Serikat|peningkatan ketegangan politik]] antara kedua negara selama [[masa jabatan Donald Trump]], yang termasuk [[Penarikan Amerika Serikat dari Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|penarikan Amerika Serikat dari kesepakatan nuklir]], pengenaan sanksi baru terhadap Iran, dan penyebutan [[Pengawal Revolusi Iran|Korps Pengawal Revolusi Islam]] (IRGC) sebagai organisasi teroris. Sebagai tanggapan, Iran menyebut [[Komando Pusat Amerika Serikat]] sebagai organisasi teroris.

⚫
Beberapa waktu setelah pengerahan ini, beberapa kapal dagang di Teluk Persia rusak dalam dua insiden [[Mei 2019 Insiden Teluk Oman|pada bulan Mei]] dan [[Insiden Teluk Oman Juni 2019|Juni 2019]]. Negara-negara Barat menyalahkan Iran, sementara Iran menyangkal keterlibatan. Pada Juni 2019, Iran [[Penembakan jatuh drone RQ-4A Amerika Serikat|menembak jatuh]] pesawat pengintai [[Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk|RQ-4A]] Amerika, hampir mengakibatkan konfrontasi bersenjata. Pada bulan yang sama, sebuah [[kapal tanker minyak]] Iran [[2019-2020 Krisis Teluk Persia|ditangkap oleh Inggris]] di [[Selat Gibraltar]] dengan alasan bahwa kapal itu mengirimkan minyak ke Suriah yang melanggar sanksi Uni Eropa. Iran kemudian menangkap sebuah kapal tanker minyak Inggris dan para awaknya di Teluk Persia, Inggris merespons dengan bergabung dengan pasukan AS di teluk.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/04/iran-seizes-oil-tanker-in-gulf-smuggling-fuel-to-arab-states|title=Iran claims it has seized third oil tanker in Gulf as tensions with US rise|first=Martin|last=Chulov|date=4 Aug 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914050522/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/04/iran-seizes-oil-tanker-in-gulf-smuggling-fuel-to-arab-states|archive-date=14 September 2019|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/pentagon-releases-images-gulf-oman-attack-190618055528966.html|title=US releases new images from suspected attacks on Gulf tankers|publisher=Al Jazeera|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817032851/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/pentagon-releases-images-gulf-oman-attack-190618055528966.html|archive-date=17 August 2019|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/iranian-republican-guard-seizes-foreign-oil-tanker-persian/story?id=64411931|title=Iranian Revolutionary Guard seizes foreign oil tanker in Persian Gulf: State media|publisher=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829011557/https://abcnews.go.com/International/iranian-republican-guard-seizes-foreign-oil-tanker-persian/story?id=64411931|archive-date=29 August 2019|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref> Baik Iran dan Inggris kemudian melepas kapal yang ditangkapnya.<ref name="stenaimpero1">{{Cite news|title=UK-flagged tanker Stena Impero leaves Iranian port|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/uk-flagged-tanker-stena-impero-seized-july-leaves-iranian-port-190927062425000.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927201926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/uk-flagged-tanker-stena-impero-seized-july-leaves-iranian-port-190927062425000.html|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="stenaimpero2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49849718|title=Stena Impero: Seized British tanker leaves Iran's waters|first=Jonathan|last=Marcus|publisher=BBC News|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928010957/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49849718|archive-date=28 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="stenaimpero3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/09/27/764934720/british-flagged-tanker-leaves-iranian-waters-after-2-months-of-detention|title=British-Flagged Tanker Leaves Iranian Waters After 2 Months Of Detention|first=James|last=Doubek|publisher=NPR|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927162524/https://www.npr.org/2019/09/27/764934720/british-flagged-tanker-leaves-iranian-waters-after-2-months-of-detention|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="voacrewrealeased">{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/british-tanker-seized-july-leaves-iranian-port|title=British Tanker Seized in July Leaves Iranian Port|publisher=Voice of America, Reuters|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927211433/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/british-tanker-seized-july-leaves-iranian-port|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="nytcrewrelease">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/27/world/middleeast/iran-uk-oil-tanker-stena-impero.html|title=British-Flagged Tanker Leaves Iran, Two Months After It Was Seized|work=The New York Times|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927062005/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/27/world/middleeast/iran-uk-oil-tanker-stena-impero.html|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="voicepartialrelease">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thevoicefm.co.uk/news/world-news/iran-to-free-seven-out-of-23-crew-members-from-detained-british-flagged-ship-stena-impero/|title=Iran to free seven out of 23 crew members from detained British-flagged ship Stena Impero|date=4 September 2019|website=The Voice|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref>


Amerika Serikat menciptakan [[Konstruksi Keamanan Maritim Internasional]] (IMSC) sebagai tanggapan terhadap krisis, yang "meningkatkan pengawasan dan keamanan keseluruhan di jalur air utama di Timur Tengah", menurut keterangan Wakil Menteri Pertahanan [[Michael Mulroy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/putin-gulf-security-plan-trump-iran-uae-saudi-arabia.html|title=Putin's Gulf security plan depends on Trump|last=Review|first=Week in|date=16 August 2019|website=Al-Monitor|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918060708/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/putin-gulf-security-plan-trump-iran-uae-saudi-arabia.html|archive-date=18 September 2019|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref>
Amerika Serikat menciptakan [[Konstruksi Keamanan Maritim Internasional]] (IMSC) sebagai tanggapan terhadap krisis, yang "meningkatkan pengawasan dan keamanan keseluruhan di jalur air utama di Timur Tengah", menurut keterangan Wakil Menteri Pertahanan [[Michael Mulroy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/putin-gulf-security-plan-trump-iran-uae-saudi-arabia.html|title=Putin's Gulf security plan depends on Trump|last=Review|first=Week in|date=16 August 2019|website=Al-Monitor|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918060708/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/putin-gulf-security-plan-trump-iran-uae-saudi-arabia.html|archive-date=18 September 2019|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref>
Baris 103: Baris 127:
== Lihat pula ==
== Lihat pula ==


* [[ Hubungan Iran-Inggris|Hubungan Iran-Inggris]]
* [[Hubungan Iran-Inggris]]
* [[Hubungan Iran-Amerika Serikat]]
* [[ Hubungan Iran-Amerika Serikat|Hubungan Iran-Amerika Serikat]]
* [[Perang Iran-Irak|Perang Tanker]]
* [[Perang Iran-Irak|Perang Tanker]]


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategori:Krisis Teluk Persia 2019–2020| ]]
[[Kategori:Teluk Persia]]
[[Kategori:Teluk Persia]]
[[Kategori:Konflik tahun 2019]]
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 2019]]
[[Kategori:Konflik tahun 2020]]
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 2020]]
[[Kategori:Peperangan drone]]

Revisi terkini sejak 28 April 2024 15.12

Krisis Teluk Persia 2019-2021 adalah eskalasi ketegangan militer antara Iran dan Amerika Serikat menuju titik kemungkinan perang menyusul penggelaran aset militer ke Teluk Persia oleh Presiden Donald Trump karena intelijen mengindikasikan adanya kampanye yang direncanakan oleh Iran dan sekutunya melawan pasukan dan kepentingan AS di Teluk Persia dan Irak. Krisis ini mengikuti peningkatan ketegangan politik antara kedua negara selama masa jabatan Donald Trump, yang termasuk penarikan Amerika Serikat dari kesepakatan nuklir, pengenaan sanksi baru terhadap Iran, dan penyebutan Korps Pengawal Revolusi Islam (IRGC) sebagai organisasi teroris. Sebagai tanggapan, Iran menyebut Komando Pusat Amerika Serikat sebagai organisasi teroris.

Beberapa waktu setelah pengerahan ini, beberapa kapal dagang di Teluk Persia rusak dalam dua insiden pada bulan Mei dan Juni 2019. Negara-negara Barat menyalahkan Iran, sementara Iran menyangkal keterlibatan. Pada Juni 2019, Iran menembak jatuh pesawat pengintai RQ-4A Amerika, hampir mengakibatkan konfrontasi bersenjata. Pada bulan yang sama, sebuah kapal tanker minyak Iran ditangkap oleh Inggris di Selat Gibraltar dengan alasan bahwa kapal itu mengirimkan minyak ke Suriah yang melanggar sanksi Uni Eropa. Iran kemudian menangkap sebuah kapal tanker minyak Inggris dan para awaknya di Teluk Persia, Inggris merespons dengan bergabung dengan pasukan AS di teluk.[26][27][28] Baik Iran dan Inggris kemudian melepas kapal yang ditangkapnya.[29][30][31][32][33][34]

Amerika Serikat menciptakan Konstruksi Keamanan Maritim Internasional (IMSC) sebagai tanggapan terhadap krisis, yang "meningkatkan pengawasan dan keamanan keseluruhan di jalur air utama di Timur Tengah", menurut keterangan Wakil Menteri Pertahanan Michael Mulroy.[35]

Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ "Saudi Arabia joins maritime protection mission: state news agency". Reuters. 18 September 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 October 2019. 
  2. ^ "UAE joins international maritime security alliance". Al Arabiya. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 October 2019. Diakses tanggal 12 October 2019. 
  3. ^ Martin, Sarah; Doherty, Ben (21 August 2019). "Australia to join US military effort to protect shipping in the Strait of Hormuz". The Guardian. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2019. 
  4. ^ "Bahrain becomes first Arab nation to support US maritime mission in Gulf". The Week. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 7 September 2019. 
  5. ^ "U.S. Central Command welcomes Albania's participation in the International Maritime Security Construct (IMSC)". U.S. Central Command. 1 November 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 1 November 2019. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2019. 
  6. ^ Iran's Rouhani criticises US military build-up in Gulf Diarsipkan 13 September 2019 di Wayback Machine. "Iranian president also lambastes Israel's reported support of the US-led naval mission in the Strait of Hormuz."
  7. ^ "Israel to participate in US 'Operation Sentinel' in Strait of Hormuz". JNS.org. 7 August 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 August 2019. Diakses tanggal 15 September 2019. 
  8. ^ Hitchens, Theresa. "Israel Meets With UAE, Declares It's Joining Persian Gulf Coalition". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 21 August 2019. Diakses tanggal 7 September 2019. 
  9. ^ "Egypt detains Iran oil tanker, arrests 6 for espionage". Middle East Monitor. 9 July 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 August 2019. Diakses tanggal 24 September 2019. 
  10. ^ "Saudi-Emirati-Egyptian Alliance Steering US Middle East Policy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 6 July 2019. Diakses tanggal 24 September 2019. 
  11. ^ Tanchum, Micha’el. "Iran Is Already Losing". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 24 September 2019. 
  12. ^ "Kuwait mulls joining Gulf maritime alliance". Gulf News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 24 September 2019. 
  13. ^ "Pak PM Imran Khan vows to support Saudi Arabia after oil installation attacks". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 December 2019. Diakses tanggal 9 December 2019. 
  14. ^ "Pakistan strongly condemns Houthi drone attack on Saudi Aramco facilities". 14 September 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2019. 
  15. ^ "F-22s Deploy to Qatar for the First Time Amid Iran Tensions". 28 June 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 July 2019. Diakses tanggal 23 July 2019. 
  16. ^ "The Air Force Has Sent Stealth F-22 Raptors to Qatar to Deter Iran". 20 July 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 August 2019. Diakses tanggal 9 December 2019. 
  17. ^ EDT, Tom O'Connor On 6/25/19 at 1:47 PM (25 June 2019). "Russia warns the U.S. and Israel that Iran is its "ally" and was right about drone shoot down". Newsweek. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 July 2019. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2019. 
  18. ^ a b EDT, Tom O'Connor On 8/29/19 at 3:37 PM (29 August 2019). "Iran says Russia and China want to sell fighter jets as they offer support against the US". Newsweek. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 30 August 2019. Diakses tanggal 30 August 2019. 
  19. ^ "Saudis, Israel attacked pro-Iran militias on Syria-Iraq border - report - Middle East - Jerusalem Post". The Jerusalem Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 25 September 2019. 
  20. ^ "'Air strikes' hit Iran-backed forces in east Syria". BBC News. 9 September 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 September 2019. 
  21. ^ "Syrian FM Moualem at UNGA: We renew our support for Iran and reject the destabilization of the Gulf New York, New York". Iran news on live map in English - Conflict in the Gulf- iran.liveuamap.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2019. 
  22. ^ "The September 14 drone attack on Saudi oil fields: North Korea's potential role | NK News". 30 September 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 October 2019. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2019. 
  23. ^ "Why do the Yemeni Houthi Rebels Have North Korean Missiles?". 9 October 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 October 2019. Diakses tanggal 9 December 2019. 
  24. ^ "Navy Confirms Death of Sailor Overboard on San Diego-Bound USS Lincoln". timesofsandiego.com. 31 July 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 31 July 2019. Diakses tanggal 19 Aug 2019. 
  25. ^ "Iran seizes Iraqi oil tanker smuggling fuel in Gulf: TV". Reuters. 4 August 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 September 2019. 
  26. ^ Chulov, Martin (4 Aug 2019). "Iran claims it has seized third oil tanker in Gulf as tensions with US rise". The Guardian. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 September 2019. 
  27. ^ "US releases new images from suspected attacks on Gulf tankers". Al Jazeera. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 August 2019. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2019. 
  28. ^ "Iranian Revolutionary Guard seizes foreign oil tanker in Persian Gulf: State media". ABC News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 August 2019. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2019. 
  29. ^ "UK-flagged tanker Stena Impero leaves Iranian port". Al Jazeera. 27 September 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 27 September 2019. 
  30. ^ Marcus, Jonathan (27 September 2019). "Stena Impero: Seized British tanker leaves Iran's waters". BBC News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 27 September 2019. 
  31. ^ Doubek, James (27 September 2019). "British-Flagged Tanker Leaves Iranian Waters After 2 Months Of Detention". NPR. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 27 September 2019. 
  32. ^ "British Tanker Seized in July Leaves Iranian Port". Voice of America, Reuters. 27 September 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 27 September 2019. 
  33. ^ "British-Flagged Tanker Leaves Iran, Two Months After It Was Seized". The New York Times. 27 September 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 27 September 2019. 
  34. ^ "Iran to free seven out of 23 crew members from detained British-flagged ship Stena Impero". The Voice. 4 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 4 September 2019. [pranala nonaktif permanen]
  35. ^ Review, Week in (16 August 2019). "Putin's Gulf security plan depends on Trump". Al-Monitor. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 18 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2019. 
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Krisis_Teluk_Persia_2019–2020&oldid=25641122"